There are probably many among us who have never heard of such a small but quite interesting city as Sterlitamak. "What area is this?" - they ask, usually a little surprised. We answer: this rather modest-sized settlement is located in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia).
What is this place famous for? What is so amazing about it? And why should everyone visit it at the first opportunity? This article is ready to answer all these and many other questions that are most often asked about the city of Sterlitamak. What area? How much time? Is the climate different? What do the local population do and what are the features of the local nature? All this will be discussed below.
In general, I would like to immediately note that when discussing the city of Sterlitamak, what region or region it is, it is not entirely correct to ask. Why? The thing is that this locality belongs to another territorial unit called a republic.
Section 1. General information about the city
So, Sterlitamak (which region of Russia and whether it is permissible to ask such questions in principle was indicated above) is considered the second most populous administrative center of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation.
It should be noted that this is a fairly large mechanical engineering hub by modern standards, as well as one of the most important centers of polycentric agglomeration. Sterlitamak is also known to many for its developed chemical industry.
Purely geographically, the city of Sterlitamak, the area of influence of which on the economy of our country is actually difficult to underestimate, is located on the left bank of the river. Belaya, 121 km south of Ufa.
This settlement was founded quite a long time ago, back in 1766. The region of the city of Sterlitamak had the same name, but subsequently, in 1953, it was abolished.
Delving into history, you can find out that this settlement initially arose around the so-called Sterlitamak salt water pier, but it was given the official status of a city in 1781.
In the not so distant past, the city of Sterlitamak (which region it was before 1953 is indicated above) was the capital of the autonomous Bashkir Republic. A little later, the role of the most important city in the region was transferred to Ufa, as a result of which the population in the city decreased significantly. Today, more than 278 thousand people permanently live here.
The time difference with Moscow is 2 hours.
Story
- general information
- Story
- Cultural heritage sites
- Symbolism
- Brand book
- City map
- reference Information
- Territorial bodies and representative offices
- Actual information
- Open data
- City media
- Construction
- Department of Housing and Utilities
- Investment attractiveness
- Open budget of the urban district of Sterlitamak
- Economy
- Social sphere
- Labor Relations
- Trade union organizations of the city
- Photo gallery
- Media gallery
Between the forest and the steppe, surrounded by handsome shihans - the ancient rift mountains Yurak-Tau, Kush-Tau, Shah-Tau and Tra-Tau, five fast light rivers meet together - Ashkadar, Olkhovka, Sterlya, Seleuk and Belaya, turning the flat Cis-Urals into a wonderful a fertile land, rich in timber, fish, animals, birds, and minerals.
Once upon a time, millions of years ago, the endless waters of the ancient ocean stretched here, which gave life to the present-day Middle Pribelye - the homeland of modern Sterlitamak.
Window to the past
The past does not go away, it remains with us. His breath is in bronze spears of the 1st millennium BC, in rings, helmets and swords found in ancient Sarmatian burial mounds; in objects of jewelry and military art of the Bronze and Iron Age; in the household utensils of our distant ancestors, who were the first to inhabit these generous lands.
His confident step is in the creaking of carts and the knocking of axes of exiles allocated to the command of the merchant Savva Tetyushev for the foundation at the confluence of the Ashkadar and the White Salt Wharf; in the stomping and neighing of the horses of Ashkadar Yam - the postal station connecting Meleuz and Ufa.
Its nervous pulse is in the battle cries of the rebels, together with the people's hero of the peasant war Salavat Yulaev, who joined the Pugachev movement, one of the epicenters of which was the Sterlitamak outskirts; in the rapid flight of the cavalry of Pugachev’s Colonel Karanay Muratov, who managed to recapture the besieged pier from Catherine’s government troops; in the smoke and flames of numerous fires, each time forcing the city of assigned peasants and “service people”, merchants and artisans, officials and clergy, exiles and revolutionaries to be reborn from the ashes.
His bitter memory lies in the tragic events of the civil war; in the crying of the women of Sterlitamak, seeing off their men to the fronts of the Great Patriotic War; in the hard round-the-clock work of rear workers at factories and factories evacuated from Odessa, Baku, Kharkov, who together with the whole country forged Victory; in the sorrow of those who never saw their fathers, brothers, husbands and sons back from the war; in the fates of hundreds of those repressed during the Stalin era.
Its glorious milestones are the birth of large industrial giants in chemistry, petrochemistry and mechanical engineering; in the emergence of new avenues and streets, public gardens and squares, schools and kindergartens, residential neighborhoods and palaces of culture.
Sterlitamak traces its history back to 1766 - it was then that the Sterlitamak pier arose, which became the ancestor of the future city. The first mention of it as a county town is associated with the Decree of Catherine II “On the establishment of the Ufa governorate and two regions, Ufa and Orenburg, and on the division of them into counties,” signed in 1781. Eight years later, the first wooden church was built here, another five years later the first plan of the city was adopted, and a year later the first wooden mosque was erected. There will be many things for the first time in the fate of Sterlitamak - the opening of a gymnasium, a state-owned pharmacy, a printing house, the demonstration of a silent film, the holding of a football match, the organization of a teachers' seminary, the publication of a newspaper, the creation of a professional theater, the appearance of electric lighting...
During the years of revolutionary transformations, the city more than once was in the hands of the White Guards and White Czechs, and was liberated by regular units of the Red Army; All-Bashkir congresses of Soviets and crowded party rallies were held there; from 1919 to 1922 it was the capital of the BASSR. Sterlitamak played a huge role in the formation of statehood of Bashkortostan.
Having lost nine thousand of his sons in the war against fascism, in the middle of the 20th century it experienced a rebirth: it became a city of great chemistry, and new lines appeared in the chronicle of its achievements - the first million tons of soda ash, the first current of the Sterlitamak thermal power plant, the first rubber, the first acetylene, first production of white carbon. And behind all this - the first trolleybus, the first automatic telephone exchange, the first sports complex...
As the giants of chemistry and petrochemistry grew and gained power, other problems that were previously in the shadows began to worsen - environmental ones.
This is where the ability of the peoples inhabiting this land to understand and protect nature, passed down from generation to generation, came in handy. In the late 70s, a “green” movement arose and began to rapidly develop in Sterlitamak; city authorities and environmental scientists, business managers and schoolchildren, doctors and students entered the fight to clean up the air and water basins from harmful emissions. Sterlitamak owes its current green appearance to thousands of its residents, whose enthusiasm and selfless work turned it into the silver city of Russia - clean, beautiful, cozy, surrounded by the greenery of numerous parks and squares.
Today the city is the pearl of the south of our republic, where, surrounded by a generous and rare beauty of nature, human hands give birth to new “miracles” - raising children, growing bread and building houses, laying roads and laying pipelines, reconstructing industrial enterprises and opening schools, universities, maternity hospitals houses, restoring old churches and building new ones...
This is how this uninterrupted relay of glorious human deeds has been going on for almost two and a half centuries, from which the fate of the city on Sterla is formed - from the distant year 1766, shrouded in beautiful legends, to the present day.
The history of the city, thanks to the intertwining of cultures and beliefs of the peoples inhabiting it - Bashkir, Russian, Tatar, Chuvash, Mordovian, Ukrainian, German, etc. - resembles a multi-colored Bashkir ornament. Sterlitamak remembers the Cathedral of the Kazan Mother of God, destroyed in the first years of Soviet power, and the cathedral stone mosque, and the prayer house of the Old Believers, and the execution of members of the Sterlitamak Revolutionary Committee, and much more that has become history.
Modern Sterlitamak has become a home for representatives of more than seventy nationalities. They are brought together by holidays and everyday life, which reflect the hopes of these people, the everyday work of their life together. The city is looking towards the future with the firm intention of providing decent living conditions for every Sterlitamak resident.
The most important dates in the history of the city of Sterlitamak
1735
- at the place where the Sterlya flows into Ashkadar, a postal station “Ashkadar postal pit” was organized.
1765
- according to the project of the merchant S. Tetyushev, a decision was made to build a salt pier, from which salt was supposed to be delivered to the Central regions of Russia. So the Ashkadar pit became the Ashkadar pier.
1766
- the pier was named Sterlitamak (“tamak” in Bashkir - mouth). This date is the founding date of the city.
1773-1775
- during the Peasant War under the leadership of E.I. Pugachev, the Sterlitamak pier became the center for the formation of punitive detachments of government troops.
1781
— By decree of Empress Catherine II, Sterlitamak becomes a district town.
1782
- the city’s coat of arms was approved: “In the upper part of the shield is the coat of arms of Ufa - a running marten in a silver field, a sign of such animals in abundance. At the bottom are three swimming silver geese in a blue field, as a sign of the great abundance of these birds.” Today's coat of arms of the city district is a restored ancient coat of arms, which is a shield with the image of three silver geese swimming through silver water in an azure field.
1794
- the first city plan approved by the emperor was adopted; The Cathedral of the Kazan Mother of God was built.
1796
— thanks to the efforts of the collegiate adviser S.Ya. Levashev, alcohol production began in the city.
1870
— the Duma and the Council were opened in the city, a printing house and a one-class private women's school appeared.
1906
— for the first time a silent French film was shown in the city.
1909
– the first bakery of S.G. Zhilkin opened its doors, where bread baking was put on an industrial basis.
1916
- A teacher's seminary opens in the city.
May 1917
— the newspaper “Worker and Soldier” began publishing, the organ of the city Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.
October 1, 1917
— the first kindergarten appeared in Sterlitamak.
March 23, 1919
— The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee proclaimed the creation of the Autonomous Bashkir Socialist Republic.
1919
— the first professional Bashkir drama theater is being created in the city; The newspaper, magazine and book publishing house Bashgosizdat begins operating.
1919-1922
— Sterlitamak was the capital of the Autonomous Bashkir Socialist Republic.
1920
— the first telephone switch with 50 numbers appears in Sterlitamak.
1921
— a cinema has opened in the city.
December 10, 1922
– “Ilyich’s lamps” were lit for the first time in the homes of city residents. The republican newspaper “Power of Labor” wrote: “Sterlitamak has come to life beyond recognition.”
1924
— the local history museum begins its work. P.Kh. Mikhailov and G.V. Sklyarov devoted many years to its creation.
1926
— the Bashkir Pedagogical College was created.
1929
— a city newspaper is published with a circulation of 2.5 thousand copies.
1930
— The City Council approved a long-term development plan for Sterlitamak for the next 30 years until 1960. At this time, about 24 thousand residents lived in the city, and about 1.5 thousand workers worked at industrial enterprises.
1930
- Sterlitamak district is formed. Oil exploration begins on its territory.
1932
— an oil technical school opens; A radio appears in the homes of the townspeople.
October 1, 1934
– the Ufa-Sterlitamak-Ishimbayevo railway with a total length of 177 km came into operation.
1935
– a medical paramedic and midwifery school appears in the city.
1936
— regular bus service opens with Ufa, Orenburg and other settlements; The first sound film installation was installed.
1939
— the first session of the city Council of Workers' Deputies has opened.
1940
- a two-year teacher's institute was opened.
June-November 1941
– the machine-tool plant named after V.I. Lenin was evacuated from Odessa to Sterlitamak, an oil equipment repair plant was evacuated from Baku (), and a shoe factory was evacuated from Moscow.
June-December 1941
– the city sheltered over 5.5 thousand evacuated citizens from the front line, providing them with housing, food and work.
December 1942
— The Ishimbayskaya CHPP provided industrial current for the enterprises of Sterlitamak.
October 1943
– By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for the exemplary fulfillment of state tasks, the machine-tool plant named after V.I. Lenin was awarded the highest award of the Motherland - the Order of Lenin.
December 25, 1943
— the soda plant produced the first tons of caustic soda.
March 11, 1944
– the foundry of the construction machinery plant under construction produced its first products.
1941-1945
– more than 16 thousand people left the city and the Sterlitamak region for the front, of which 9 thousand died.
1941-1945
- during the Great Patriotic War, 28 soldiers of the city and region were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the courage and heroism shown in the fight against the fascist invaders.
February 1946
– the Russian Drama Theater was opened.
1952
— a cement plant was put into operation.
1955
— the educational and consulting center of the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute begins to operate in the city.
1956
- A slate factory appeared in the city.
September 30, 1957
— the first stage of the Sterlitamak Thermal Power Plant gave power.
1958
– The Teachers' Institute was transformed into the Sterlitamak State Pedagogical Institute.
1959
– the first secondary boarding school in Bashkortostan with 880 places was opened.
1960
— start of operation of a synthetic rubber plant; the first stage of the city automatic telephone exchange is put into operation; gasification of the city begins, the Salavat cinema is built.
February 1961
— the first stage of the trolleybus line began operating.
January 1962
— a new city planning project until 1980 was developed and approved.
1962
— on the basis of the UCP of the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute, an evening department of the general technical faculty of the Ufa Petroleum Institute is being created.
1966
- The Iskra cinema opens in Sterlitamak.
September 17, 1969
— by order of the management of the Council of Ministers of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the use of labor resources in the city, a bureau for employment and information of the population was created.
1974
— the city’s first sports complex began operating.
1979
— the city Palace of Pioneers opened its doors.
May 17, 1990
— a meteorite fell two kilometers southwest of the Sterlitamaksky state farm. A crater with a diameter of up to 15 and a depth of up to 9 meters was discovered at the scene. Meteorite No. 180 is named “Sterlitamak”.
April 1991
— the executive committee of the city council decided to create a city television broadcasting studio in Sterlitamak.
1991
— the first issue of the newspaper “Ashkadar” was published in the Bashkir language; a city philharmonic society is created.
October 1992
— TRC “Ekran” went on air with its first broadcasts.
February 6, 1992
— the official opening of the first automatic telephone exchange ATS-5 took place.
1993
– the Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University began work.
October 1, 1994
— Postgraduate studies have opened at the Sterlitamak State Pedagogical Institute.
1995
— the physical culture and health complex of the joint-stock company "Caustic" was put into operation.
1996
– the Sterlitamak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan was opened, with K.B. Sabitov becoming its director.
late 1997 – early 1998
— the first minibuses appeared in the city.
Based on the results of 1997, 2002, 2005
Sterlitamak three times took 2nd place in the All-Russian competition “The most comfortable city in Russia” (among cities with a population of one hundred thousand to a million people).
1999
— the cable television studio “Satelit” went live for the first time – a 10-hour broadcast of Youth Day.
May 4, 2000
— a bust of Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov was unveiled in the park named after G.K. Zhukov. Sculptor A.S. Pimenov.
September 7, 2001
- started work.
2003
– the Salavat cinema was opened after reconstruction.
2004
– The Sterlitamak Pedagogical Institute has been given the status of an Academy.
2006
— the city acquired the status of a municipal entity.
2007
- according to the results of the All-Russian competition for the title of the most comfortable city in Russia in 2006, Sterlitamak took first place and became the “golden city of Russia”.
2007
– a new maternity hospital has appeared in the city.
2008
– the four-star Vostok Hotel opened its doors.
May 2008
— The Alley of Veterans was opened in the Sovetsky microdistrict.
year 2009
– opening of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology and the Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences on the basis of the Sterlitamak Pedagogical Academy named after Zainab Biisheva.
Section 2. Where did this name come from?
As for the name of the city itself, it turns out that it did not appear by chance at all, as it might seem at first glance, but after the merger of two words: the name of the local river Sterli, which flows through the central part of the city, and the word “tamak”, which in the Bashkir language it means “mouth of a water source”, or “throat”.
Thus, it is not difficult to guess that if we undertake to translate the entire word into Russian, it turns out that the name Sterlitamak sounds like “the mouth of the Sterli River.” Quite a euphonious and very logical name.
Section 3. Features of the physical and geographical location
The city of Sterlitamak, what region it is and whether it exists at all, was indicated above, is located in the European part of the Russian Federation. To the east of it lie the Ural Mountains, and to the west is the endless and very picturesque East European Plain.
It should be noted that in the vicinity of the city there are the so-called shikhans, which are unique geological natural monuments. Near Mount Kushtau there are numerous children's health camps, holiday homes, ski resorts with slopes and lifts. And this automatically means that there is almost never a shortage of tourists here.
Initially, the city of Sterlitamak was created between the Ashkadar and Sterli rivers. This is where the Old Town is now located - the historical center of Sterlitamak. Subsequently, of course, like many other cities in the world, it was built up. The most active population growth was in the northern and western directions. To date, 5 road bridges and 1 railway bridge have already been built across the Sterlya River within the city.
People interested in our country often ask why this settlement did not develop in a southern, seemingly more logical direction. The thing is that its growth there is limited by the Olkhovka River, which is the left tributary of the Ashkadar.
Education
Russian Drama Theater
Currently there are 57 kindergartens, 35 schools, 6 secondary schools, 1 lyceum, 8 vocational schools, 7 colleges, vocational school YuKEiP, branches of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Bashkir State University, Ural State University of Physical Culture (Sterlitamak Physical Education University ). Institute), Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Modern Humanitarian Academy (WGA), Eastern Economic State University (VEGU).
Section 4. The current image of the city
The city of Sterlitamak is currently a major center of republican subordination. Previously, it was the capital of the Bashkir Autonomous Republic, which was then moved to Ufa, located 120 km from the above-mentioned city.
Today's settlement is famous for its mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and large federal highways pass nearby.
Despite its modest size, the city has interesting places to visit. For example, amazingly beautiful mosques have been preserved in the old part of the city.
It should be noted that, starting from the seventies of the last century, a special scheme was introduced in Sterlitamak: all residents intensively green their city. As a result of such painstaking work, the current settlement surpasses even the million-plus city of Samara in terms of the number of birch trees.
The infrastructure here is very developed. Everywhere guests of the city can expect a variety of shops, boutiques, cafes, pubs, and restaurants. By the way, not everyone knows that in 2007 Sterlitamak was recognized as the most comfortable city in the Russian Federation.
Flag
The flag of Sterlitamak is made in the form of a rectangular azure cloth. The aspect ratio is 2:3. It reproduces the main elements of the coat of arms - three swimming geese. It consists of three horizontal stripes. The top and bottom are blue, the middle is white, with a width of 7/10, 1/5, and 1/10 of the same panel size, respectively.
The flag was adopted on November 1, 2006 and entered into the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 3242.
Section 5. Salt water pier - a unique place on the map of Russia
Sterlitamak owes its emergence to a certain merchant Savva Tetyushev, who proposed a project to build a pier to receive huge quantities of Iletsk salt brought here. The total weight of the supplied seasoning, according to the plans of the businessman at that time, could easily reach a million pounds; problems with loading and unloading would still not arise. For those who are curious about when exactly the events listed above took place, let’s say that Tetyushev’s project with the attached notes of the Orenburg governor was approved by decree of January 19, 1766. Quite a significant period of time, isn’t it?
The first caravan with Iletsk salt, which left the pier in the spring of 1767, was not at all the promised million pounds, but three times less. With the emergence of the pier, local salt carriers called it Ashkadar, and not Sterlitamak, as Tetyushev wanted.
Soon, multiple shortcomings of the chosen location were revealed. As a result of the inspections, at the proposal of the Chairman of the Salt Commission of the Russian Federation P. D. Eropkin, in 1769 a salt pier from the shallow river. Ashkadar was moved to its original location.
She again began to be near the Bugulchan tract on the river. White. Although they still continued to send barges with other cargo from the previous pier, the weight of which, by the way, significantly exceeded the amount of salt previously exported.
It turns out that the city of Sterlitamak was very important in the life of the region.
Section 6. Where to go first?
If you are lucky enough to find yourself in this locality, try to find time and go to the local history museum, where many truly unique exhibits are collected.
On weekends, the city usually hosts interesting performances by the Benefis theater studio. They are distinguished by quite creative solutions, excellent directorial work, and unique acting. This production will appeal to everyone, from children to experienced theatergoers.
By the way, in Sterlitamak there are not one, but three good theaters.
Industry
The economic potential of cities is largely determined by several large chemical and petrochemical enterprises. In 2008, products were produced for 37 billion 340 million UAH. rubles. In 2008, the Soda Company shipped products worth 13 billion 788 million rubles. Caustic Inc. shipped products worth 10 billion 344 million rubles.
The Sterlitamak Petrochemical Plant shipped goods to consumers with a total value of 3 billion 868 million rubles. SNKHZ remains the only Russian supplier of phenolic antioxidants for rubber production, continuing the development of the production series of Agidol stabilizers. There were difficult times for OJSC Kauchuk, Sintez-Kauchuk and Avangard.
Mechanical engineering and machine tool manufacturing in the city are represented by: Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant, Krasny Proletarsky, Carriage Repair Plant, Stroymash Plant, Inmash. In addition, there are few construction companies in the city. For the first time in the last 14 years, Sodovik managed to reach a cement production volume of more than 1 million tons. Construction companies are working, the largest of them is Trest Sterlitamakstroy LLC. The food industry is also developed. Production (alcohol and vodka products) and brewery. Shikhan (until 2005) is known and popular not only in the republic, but also in many neighboring regions of Russia. The Sterlitamak bakery, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009, is also widely known not only in the country, but throughout the Volga region, in the city There are also two large dairy factories and four more sausage factories.
In 2008, industrial enterprises shipped products worth more than 51.6 billion rubles to consumers.
Section 7. Monument at the 5th verst of the Ufa Highway
It is also worth seeing a very revered in the city and rather unique monument at the 5th verst of the Ufa Highway, which was built in memory of the executed members of the Revolutionary Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, killed by the White Czechs. This very tragic event occurred on the night of September 27-28 in 1918, exactly at the place where today’s monument is erected.
During the USSR, a wooden monument was initially placed here, then in the 60s a stone obelisk was built. Now this memorial is located in the very center of Sterlitamak on Lenin Avenue.
Needless to say, on holidays local residents always come here and lay flowers.
Demography
| Year | Population |
| 1939 | 38,800 |
| 1959 | 111,000 |
| 1970 | 184,000 |
| 1989 Census[13] | 247,457 |
| 2002 Census[14] | 264,362 |
| 2008 | 268,300 |
| 2009 | 269,700 |
| Census 2010[5] | 273,486 |
2015 — 278,678
2020 — 276,394
National composition according to the 2010 All-Russian Census: Russians - 49.5%, Tatars - 23.9%, Bashkirs - 15.8%, Chuvash - 5.3%, Ukrainians - 1.9%, Mordovians - 1.5%. [15]
Section 8. The city and its surroundings
There are many parks and squares in Sterlitamak, the largest of which is Victory Park. Next to the Palace of Culture there is a park named after. Marshal Zhukov, where there is a monument with the names of all the heroes, former residents of the city who died in the Second World War. You can also visit the park named after. Yu. Gagarin.
Note that the bulk of tourists come here purely for rafting on the Belaya River. During the warm season there are also many people who like hiking and spending time in the fresh air.
An interesting place in Sterlitamak is the airport, located in the southwest, 7 kilometers from the city limits. At this time it is closed and is not used for its intended purpose. But even being practically abandoned, it enjoys steady popularity among eco-tourists. It is also loved by fans of extreme sports who ride skateboards, rollerblades and special bicycles here.
However, you need to be careful here, since the territory is guarded and penetration there is not particularly legal.
Transport
Roads
The main streets of the city include:
- Lenin Avenue - from the Ufa road to the Eternal Flame
- Khudaiberdina Street - from [2] [Raevsky] tract (Bus Station) to the Ashkadar River
- Mira Street - connects the VTS microdistrict with the city center.
- Kommunisticheskaya Street, Artyoma Street, Oktyabrsky Avenue - connect the Yugo-Zapadny, Solnechny and Bolnichny microdistricts with the city center.
A bypass road goes around the city from the west, allowing transit vehicles to travel along the Ufa-Orenburg highway, bypassing Sterlitamak and Salavat.
Public transport
Trolleybus
The main type of public transport in Sterlitamak is the trolleybus. The trolleybus system has 18 main and 3 additional routes, which are served by 135 trolleybuses daily. It carries more than 230,000 passengers daily, accounting for about 80% of Sterlitamak's public transport usage. It has become a tradition in Sterlitamak to expand trolleybus routes to serve new construction sites, and this explains the great popularity of trolleybuses in the city.
Most of the trolleybuses were purchased from the Bashkir Trolleybus Plant.
Bus
There is also a bus service in the city. The main bus routes run along the central streets of the city and for the most part repeat trolleybus routes, but are inferior in frequency to trolleybuses. Bus transportation is provided by the Sterlitamak Passenger Motor Transport Enterprise (SUE “Bashavtotrans”). These are comfortable buses with a lowered stance, of the Bashkir brand NEFAZ.
Other types of public transport
There are also route buses in the city, which are superior to buses and trolleybuses in speed and maneuverability (they are significant due to the increase in traffic jams in the city). On July 25, 2008, the city banned travel by Gazelle minibuses, a step because the engines of domestic Gazelle cars are not equipped with Euro-3 environmental standards, so Mercedes Sprinter, Volkswagen Transporter and Peugeot Boxer minibuses are now in use. All these foreign brands are equipped with Euro-3 and Euro-4 engines and have a high level of safety. In the spring of 2009, the city administration issued permission to accommodate passengers on the Gazelle, provided that their number does not exceed 40 units.
Intercity
Railroad station
Railway
The city has a station on a section of the non-electrified Ufa-Orenburg route, but it is not in demand from passengers and is used mainly for transporting goods. The main disadvantage of railway transport in this direction is its very low speed (the journey to Ufa will take about 5 hours, for buses - 2.5–3 hours). This is due to the fact that the main part of the road is single track.
Section 9. Nature of Lake Tugarsalgan
The reservoir is located at the very foot of the Tratau Shikhan. There is an island on Tugarsalganu, although it used to be a peninsula. Once upon a time, valuable endemic plants grew here, which at the moment, unfortunately, have been almost completely destroyed due to thoughtless human activity.
It is nice to note that at least something is being done to preserve the nature of this region. Thus, since 1965, Lake Tugarsalgan and its surroundings (about 100 hectares in total) are officially considered a natural monument.
From a geological point of view, Tugarsalgan is one of the deepest lakes of karst origin in Bashkortostan, its greatest depth in some places is 27 m. The lake is fed by spring waters. Its length is 395 m and its width is 260 m.
So, this article answered all the questions posed about the city of Sterlitamak: what area, where it is located geographically, a little history of its origin, a list of features and a list of the most interesting places to visit. All you have to do is try to feel its atmosphere.
