Alushta - all about the city of Alushta: beaches, hotels, history and much more

The city of Alushta is located on the Black Sea coast, in the south of the Crimean Peninsula in a basin - in the valleys of the Demerdzhi and Ulu-Uzen rivers. The city is the administrative center of the Alushta City Council, an administrative-territorial unit of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the Russian Federation. The composition of Big Alushta (as the urban district as a whole is called) includes, in addition to the administrative center itself, another 25 settlements - 1 urban-type settlement, 6 towns and 18 villages. Of these, the most popular among those arriving on vacation in the surrounding area and the city of Alushta itself in the Republic of Crimea are Partenit, Maly Mayak, Malorechenskoye, Rybachye, Solnechnogorskoye (the largest in area and number of inhabitants). The area of ​​the entire urban district is 599.9 square meters. km, Alushta - 6.9 sq. km.

City of Alushta (Crimea)

Alushta is a resort town on the southern coast of Crimea, located between Sudak and Yalta. This is a small town on the Black Sea coast, surrounded by picturesque green mountains, which is considered one of the best resorts on the Crimean Peninsula. Alushta is famous for its warm and clean sea, abundance of sunny days and beautiful nature. Despite the ancient history, few ancient monuments have been preserved here, and most of the attractions are beautiful natural places and resort infrastructure.

Population, ethnic composition and main occupation of local residents

According to data as of January 1, 2022, the population of the city of Alushta itself is 29.9 thousand people, the entire urban district is 54.9 thousand people. At the same time, according to the results of the census conducted in October 2014, the national composition was distributed as follows (it is approximately the same in the administrative center itself and throughout the district): Russians 72.8%, Ukrainians 16.5%, Crimean Tatars 6.3%, Belarusians 1%, 3.4% - Russian Tatars, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Georgians, Poles, Jews, Germans, Bulgarians and representatives of other nationalities.

The indigenous population of the city of Alushta, in addition to the tourism sector, works at a dairy plant and a factory for reinforced concrete structures, as well as for wine, which is included in Massandra. All areas of activity here are of a service nature. There is a lot of work - the city and surrounding areas need additional labor during the high tourist season. There is a functioning forestry enterprise, and there is a hunting farm of national importance.

The majority of local residents, in one way or another, are involved in the sanatorium and resort provision of recreation for visitors, which allows the region’s economy to stay afloat even during the current period of recent transition from the jurisdiction of one state to another.

The resort city of Alushta and the villages of the district are comfortable sanatoriums:

• "Alushta";
• "Sea Corner";
• "Crimea";
• "Kyiv";
• "Cliff";
• "Slavutich".

There are also about two dozen large sanatorium institutions where people from all over Ukraine, Russia and Belarus undergo rehabilitation after diseases of the heart, central nervous system and endocrine system under the supervision of doctors. People also come from far abroad - mostly citizens from former compatriots, but these regions are famous all over the world as favorable for strengthening and restoring health.

Geography and climate

Alushta is located in the south of Crimea, 36 km from Yalta. The resort is located on the Black Sea coast in a natural basin surrounded by the Crimean Mountains. The mountain rivers Demerdzhi and Ulu-Uzen flow through the city.

Alushta has a Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by wet winters and hot, dry summers. The city's climate is slightly colder and windier than in Yalta. The resort is famous for its abundance of sun and warm sea. The sea warms up to 27 °C in summer. In winter, the water temperature rarely drops below 7-8 °C.

Alushta

The influence of geographical location on climatic conditions and the health benefits of the region

The healing atmosphere in the city of Alushta in Crimea is created by the Demerdzhi, Kastel and Chatyr-Dag mountain ranges - they protect the surrounding area from the northern winds, so the weather is always mild and the humidity is moderate. In addition, salt evaporation from the sea and phytoncides from coniferous plants growing on mountain slopes saturate the air with beneficial substances for asthmatics. The climate here is Mediterranean, subtropical. The city basin has excellent ventilation, thanks to actively circulating air masses passing through the Angarsky and Kebit-Bogaz passes.

The average annual temperature is +12°C - it is distributed seasonally (precisely due to where the city of Alushta is located) as follows:

• in summer the air is constantly renewed due to sea breezes, humidity is not lower than 70, therefore, even when it is hot, the level of climatic comfort is normal - average air temperatures in July and August are +26°C;
• autumn comes slowly - people swim in the Alushta water area from the end of May to the end of October, the average temperatures of September and the end of October are 24°C and 17°C, respectively, while the sea water remains at a comfortable temperature for swimming.
• winter is similar to November in average after Russia - it almost never falls below 2°C here;
• spring is the very beginning of March, the gardens begin to bloom wildly, the weather is partly cloudy, as soon as the smell of flowering garden fruit trees begins to spread around the area (already at the end of April) - the bravest can already dive into the sea, and in the last days of May it is fashionable to plunge into the sea already infants.

It is precisely where the city of Alushta is located geographically that explains the climate, which is so heavenly, from the point of view of the inhabitants of central and northern Russia. Many residents of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and the Urals go to Alushta for a week even in winter. The Far North and Far East, alas, cannot - they are far away, but in the summer for a long time - all northerners are visiting Crimea.

Everyone loves the Alushta sun: from May to September it is warm, and from late September to mid-October it is generally a velvet season.

And most importantly, there are no strong winds in Alushta: if you come “to the seas” to gain weight with local delicacies, and you are too thin, you will not be blown into the sea or mountains. Average wind speed is 4 m/s.

Story

The foundation of Alushta is considered to be the 6th century, when the Byzantine Emperor Justinian ordered the construction of the Aluston fortress here. After Byzantine rule, the settlement was part of the Khazar Khaganate and the small principality of Theodoro. In the late Middle Ages, the Genoese settled here.

Alushta

Then Alushta, like the entire southern coast of Crimea, was conquered by the Ottomans. At the end of the 18th century, the Crimean peninsula was annexed to the Russian Empire, and Alushta became the center of the volost. At the end of the 19th century, the settlement began to develop as a resort. In 1902, Alushta received city status.

Crime in Alushta

Crime in Alushta intensifies, like the rest of life in the city, during the season. Visiting tour performers rob, steal, break into cars and steal them. The rest of the time it is quite calm here, and apart from isolated burglaries and high-profile road accidents, the city has nothing to “boast” of in terms of crime.

Of course, here, like everywhere else, drunken fights and domestic murders happen, however, fortunately, this is rare, and over the past few years residents have heard nothing of the kind. True, sometimes business-related murders occur; recently, a businessman was shot in the village of Kiparisnoye. The killers have not yet been found.

Murder of a businessman in the village. Cypress

Dissatisfaction and discussion are caused by the large number of drug addicts and corruption among officials. Residents are trying to combat these phenomena in all available ways. But officials remain just as dishonest, which is why all the high-profile crimes in Alushta are connected precisely with the fact that someone is caught taking bribes or kickbacks and is removed from office.

There are also places in the city where major accidents often occur, for example, the ring near the bus station and the pedestrian crossing towards Oktyabrskaya are just such a place. Fortunately, the city authorities paid attention to this, and now there is an underground passage.

Ring at the bus station

Attractions

Ruins of the Byzantine fortress Aluston
The Aluston fortress is one of the main attractions of Alushta. It was built in the 6th century by order of Justinian and was considered one of the most powerful fortifications of the Byzantines on the Black Sea. The fortress was built on the top of a 44-meter hill and had the shape of an irregular quadrangle. Fragments of walls and one of the three towers, called the Lower Tower and shown in the photo above, have survived to this day.

Funa

Funa is the ruins of a medieval fortress from the 15th century at the foot of the South Demerdzhi Mountains. The fortress was built by the Principality of Theodoro and was its eastern gate.

Rotunda on the Alushta embankment

The embankment is traditionally one of the most popular places in resorts. The Alushta embankment stretches along the sea almost through the entire city. It is crowned by a snow-white rotunda with six Corinthian columns, built in 1951.

Palace of Princess Gagarina

The Palace of Princess Gagarina is a beautiful building in the neo-Romanesque style, built at the beginning of the 20th century.

Church of Theodore Stratilates

The Church of Fyodor Stratelates in Alushta has a three-century history. The temple is a beautiful historical building with elements of Russian style, English architecture and Gothic. On the facade there is a mosaic figure of a saint - the patron saint of warriors.

Mosque

The Yukhari-Jami Mosque in Alushta was built in the 19th century and has one minaret.

Valley of Ghosts

The Valley of Ghosts is a picturesque natural landscape at the southern foot of the Demerdzhi Mountains. Known for its beautiful, bizarrely shaped mountains and mysterious atmosphere.

Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery

The Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery was founded in 1856 on the territory of the Crimean Nature Reserve. This is the highest mountain monastery in Crimea.

Other interesting places in Alushta:

• An aquarium with inhabitants of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as exotic fish and reptiles.
• Sotera Valley with rocks reminiscent of Cappadocia.
• The picturesque Mount Kastel (439 m) on the outskirts of Alushta.
• The picturesque Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on the sea coast near the village of Malorechenskoye.
• Demerdzhi is a picturesque mountain range.
• Park "Crimea in miniature"
• Ayu-Dag is a picturesque peak between Yalta and Alushta

Districts and real estate in Alushta

As mentioned earlier, Alushta is not just the city itself, but also the villages surrounding it. All together it is called Big Alushta and is such a unique form of the region. After all, there are simply no districts on the Crimean coast.

Bolshaya Alushta includes the villages of Luchistoye, Izobilnoye, Rozovoe, Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka, Nizhnyaya Kutuzovka, Privetnoye, Malorechenskoye, Semidvorye, Kiparisnoye, Solnechnogorskoye and Rybachye. With a total area of ​​600 sq. kilometers, versus 12 square kilometers of the area of ​​Alushta itself.

The city has no administrative division into districts. He's too small for that. Officially, only the Professor's Corner, which in Soviet times was called the Workers' Corner, is considered a separate district. Naberezhnaya Street, on which there is no housing, can also be considered a separate area.

Alushta embankment

Unofficially, Alushta has a fairly clear regional zoning. This is the center, Cheryomushki, st. Sudakskaya, Mirny microdistrict, st. Yaltinskaya, st. Oktyabrskaya and st. 60 years of the USSR. All these areas have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

View of Alushta from the street. Oktyabrskaya

Professor's Corner

The Professor's Corner is mostly a resort area. There are many health resorts and very few residential buildings. They are mainly represented by the private sector adjacent to health resorts. And people who work in sanatoriums and boarding houses nearby usually live in such houses.

Apart from the beautiful nature around and the proximity of the sea, there is nothing good to live in Professor’s Corner. After all, it is remote from the main part of Alushta and there is no school, no kindergarten, or even normal shops aimed at residents.

Housing is practically not for sale here. This is due to the fact that the bulk of the houses are built on land that belongs to the territory of health resorts, and it is not so easy to sell them legally. However, the price for such housing is still very high. A fairly flimsy house can be bought in this area for 120-130 thousand dollars, and a decent modern house is even higher.

View of the professor's corner. Photo by Juliana (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/ladyjully/)

Oktyabrskaya street area

Oktyabrskaya Street is divided into lower and upper parts, separated by a road leading to the Professor's Corner and also bearing the name of Oktyabrskaya Street. Thus, this street is a real microdistrict of Alushta and looks like several streets in different directions. The upper part of Oktyabrskaya is mostly built up with houses built in the 90s. These are nine-story buildings of a typical type.

Upper part of the street Oktyabrskaya

Apartments in them cost from 45 thousand dollars for a one-room apartment and up to 80-90 thousand for a two-room apartment. There is also a large new building on Upper Oktyabrskaya, which took a long time to build, to the dissatisfaction of the residents of the surrounding houses. Because the road next to the construction site was constantly sliding down, and it had to be blocked and strengthened. In addition, this house blocked the beautiful view of the city for many people.

New building on Oktyabrskaya street

Apartments in a building with a view cost from $1,200 per square meter. A little lower, around the route to the Professor's Corner, there are typical five-story buildings of the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras. Apartments in them are only 5-10% cheaper than in more recent buildings, because they have one advantage: they are located lower and closer to the sea.

There is also one of the largest sanatoriums in Alushta - a military sanatorium of the Ministry of Defense. It has a large and beautiful park, which was previously open to the public, but is now closed on all sides. Therefore, to get to the sea, you have to take a detour. Either down, strictly speaking, Oktyabrskaya Street, or through the private sector to Gorky Street.

The private sector adjacent to Oktyabrskaya Street is a fairly prestigious place in the city. The cost of a house here starts from 180 thousand dollars and can reach 300 thousand, depending on the area, size of the plot and the condition of the house itself. On Oktyabrskaya there is a kindergarten, many shops, and the Alushta branch of Krymenergo is located in its upper part. A place where people go to pay for electricity and check their bills.

Yaltinskaya street area

Yaltinskaya Street is located in the center of the Bus Station, between Oktyabrskaya and 60 Let USSR streets. This street also represents an entire microdistrict. The houses here are built in different years. Closer to the bus station, called a bus station in Alushta, there are five-story buildings, and in the depths there are more recent nine-story buildings.

Yaltinskaya street

Apartment prices here are about 10% higher than on Oktyabrskaya. This is due to the fact that the street is located in an almost flat plane, there are no sharp uphills and downhills, as in neighboring microdistricts. The central place here is the bus station and its square. There used to be a large market on it, but now it has been moved, and many shops remain, including a supermarket of the ATB chain.

There is a school and a culinary school in Yalta, which is now proudly called a branch of the Crimean republican vocational school institution “Simferopol Higher Vocational School of Restaurant Service and Tourism.” There is also a kindergarten here.

It is very common for residents of the microdistrict to build garages with residential superstructures at the end of the street. This is convenient because of the opportunity to rent out an apartment and move into such a garage-cottage for the summer. There are no new buildings on Yalta.

District of the street 60 years of the USSR

Street 60 let USSR or, as it is called in Alushta, helicopter, is another microdistrict formed by one street on the mountain. It is believed that this is the highest residential area of ​​Alushta. However, this can be argued. There are houses here, both five-story buildings, located lower, and high-rise ones, more recently built.

View of the microdistrict 60 years of the USSR

The price level for apartments is no different from Oktyabrskaya Street. This is approximately from 45 thousand dollars for a one-room apartment, 55 thousand for a two-room apartment and from 70 thousand for a three-room apartment. There are two kindergartens here, one of which has not been working for a long time. At the bottom of the helicopter there is an indoor market, which was built at the end of the USSR with the aim of moving the vegetable market from the center. The idea failed, and clothing dealers firmly established themselves in the market.

Popovskaya beam

This area is the only Alushta industrial zone. At its very beginning stands the building of a former toy factory, which once produced beautiful wooden little horses and plastic chickens that tapped their noses on a plate. The toy factory has been closed for a long time. And in the industrial zone there are various warehouses and construction sites. There are also so-called grocery stores, where city residents like to buy food at prices cheaper than in city stores. Popovskaya beam is the most dusty and polluted area in the city. At the very end is motocross, where competitions are regularly held.

Microdistrict Mirny

Once upon a time, the Mirny microdistrict could be called in one word - “outback”. But now there are many new houses there, mostly built by the Consol construction company. This is the richest district of Alushta for budget new buildings. There is also a lot of old housing stock, in which apartments are perhaps the most inexpensive in Alushta.

View of the Mirny microdistrict

A one-room apartment on Mirny can be purchased at a price of 35 thousand dollars, and a three-room apartment from 55 thousand. In new buildings, prices are of course higher, starting from $1000 per 1 sq. m. meter. The infrastructure of this microdistrict leaves much to be desired. Apart from a couple of run-down shops there is nothing else here. But the air is fresh.

Central part of the city

The center includes the hospital area, Simferopolskaya Street, the central part of Lenin Street and the areas adjacent to the embankment. There are mostly old housing developments here with small sporadic inclusions of new buildings. New buildings can hardly be classified as budget ones. Rather, this is business class housing with elite claims. Apartments in the old building are quite expensive here. After all, it’s not far from the sea and the terrain is flat.

Baglikova Street, rise to Sovetskaya Square

Prices start from 50 thousand dollars. In new buildings from 1500 per 1 square meter of housing. In the center there are many shops, a hospital, children's and adult clinics, and a church. The only functioning cinema and two dolphinariums at once. Not far from the hospital there is school No. 1. There are many private houses in the central part of Alushta.

Private house in the center of Alushta

Many of them have been converted by their owners into mini-boarding houses. House prices start at $150,000 and go up.

Sudakskaya street area

Sudakskaya Street starts from the entrance to Alushta from Simferopol. This is a fairly long street, and there are both private houses and high-rise buildings. Housing prices here are about the same as Oktyabrskaya or Yalta, the courtyards are very cozy. There is a kindergarten and a school.

On the road towards the center there are several new buildings and pieces of an industrial zone with warehouses. There are also many health resorts located here, such as the Veteran sanatorium, the Magnolia boarding house, and the Zolotoy Kolos sanatorium. There is a dairy and a bakery along Krasnoarmeyskaya Street.

Cheryomushki District

This area of ​​old buildings is named after the once popular Moscow Cheryomushki. It includes the street. Lenin and st. Partisan. There is an old post-war housing stock here, but the prices for apartments are no less than in new buildings.

Partizanskaya Street

There is an ATB store, pharmacies and quite cozy green courtyards. A new high-rise residential building has been built on the site of an old furniture factory, with apartment prices starting at $1,200 per 1 sq. m. meter. There is also a small market with vegetables and fruits.

Composition of the urban district

The table shows the historical names of the villages, changed in 1944-1948 after the deportation of the Crimean peoples.

An excerpt characterizing Alushta (urban district)

- Who is this? What's the last name? – Our very former groom, Prince Bolkonsky! – sighing, answered the maid. - They say he is dying. Sonya jumped out of the carriage and ran to the Countess. The countess, already dressed for the trip, in a shawl and hat, tired, walked around the living room, waiting for her family in order to sit with the doors closed and pray before leaving. Natasha was not in the room. “Maman,” said Sonya, “Prince Andrei is here, wounded, near death.” He's coming with us. The Countess opened her eyes in fear and, grabbing Sonya’s hand, looked around. - Natasha? - she said. For both Sonya and the Countess, this news had only one meaning at first. They knew their Natasha, and the horror of what would happen to her at this news drowned out for them all sympathy for the person they both loved. – Natasha doesn’t know yet; but he’s coming with us,” said Sonya. - Are you talking about death? Sonya nodded her head. The Countess hugged Sonya and began to cry. "God works in mysterious ways!" - she thought, feeling that in everything that was done now, an omnipotent hand, previously hidden from people’s view, began to appear. - Well, mom, everything is ready. What are you talking about?.. – Natasha asked with a lively face, running into the room. “Nothing,” said the Countess. - It's ready, let's go. – And the countess bent down to her reticule to hide her upset face. Sonya hugged Natasha and kissed her. Natasha looked at her questioningly. - What you? What happened? - Nothing... No... - Very bad for me?.. What is it? – asked the sensitive Natasha. Sonya sighed and did not answer. The Count, Petya, m me Schoss, Mavra Kuzminishna, Vasilich entered the living room, and, having closed the doors, they all sat down and sat silently, without looking at each other, for several seconds. The count was the first to stand up and, sighing loudly, began to make the sign of the cross. Everyone did the same. Then the count began to hug Mavra Kuzminishna and Vasilich, who remained in Moscow, and, while they caught his hand and kissed his shoulder, he lightly patted them on the back, saying something vague, affectionately soothing. The Countess went into the imagery, and Sonya found her there on her knees in front of the images that remained scattered along the wall. (The most expensive images, according to family legends, were taken with them.) On the porch and in the courtyard, the departing people with daggers and sabers with which Petya had armed them, with their trousers tucked into their boots and tightly belted with belts and sashes, said goodbye to those who remained. As always during departures, much was forgotten and not properly packed, and for quite a long time two guides stood on both sides of the open door and steps of the carriage, preparing to give the Countess a ride, while girls with pillows, bundles, and carriages were running from home to the carriages. , and the chaise, and back. - Everyone will forget their time! - said the countess. “You know that I can’t sit like that.” - And Dunyasha, gritting her teeth and not answering, with an expression of reproach on her face, rushed into the carriage to redo the seat. - Oh, these people! - said the count, shaking his head. The old coachman Yefim, with whom the countess was the only one who decided to ride, sitting high on his box, did not even look back at what was happening behind him. With thirty years of experience, he knew that it wouldn’t be long before they told him “God bless!” and that when they say, they will stop him two more times and send him for forgotten things, and after that they will stop him again, and the countess herself will lean out of his window and ask him, by Christ God, to drive more carefully on the slopes. He knew this and therefore more patiently than his horses (especially the left red one - Falcon, who kicked and, chewing, fingered the bit) waited for what would happen. Finally everyone sat down; the steps gathered and they threw themselves into the carriage, the door slammed, they sent for the box, the countess leaned out and said what she had to do. Then Yefim slowly took off his hat from his head and began to cross himself. The postilion and all the people did the same. - With God blessing! - said Yefim, putting on his hat. - Pull it out! - The postilion touched. The right drawbar fell into the clamp, the high springs crunched, and the body swayed. The footman jumped onto the box as he walked. The carriage shook as it left the yard onto the shaking pavement, the other carriages also shook, and the train moved up the street. In the carriages, carriages and chaises, everyone was baptized at the church that was opposite. The people remaining in Moscow walked on both sides of the carriages, seeing them off. Natasha had rarely experienced such a joyful feeling as the one she was experiencing now, sitting in the carriage next to the countess and looking at the walls of an abandoned, alarmed Moscow slowly moving past her. She occasionally leaned out of the carriage window and looked back and forth at the long train of wounded preceding them. Almost ahead of everyone, she could see the closed top of Prince Andrei's carriage. She did not know who was in it, and every time, thinking about the area of ​​​​her convoy, she looked for this carriage with her eyes. She knew she was ahead of everyone. In Kudrin, from Nikitskaya, from Presnya, from Podnovinsky, several trains similar to the Rostov train arrived, and carriages and carts were already traveling in two rows along Sadovaya. While driving around the Sukharev Tower, Natasha, curiously and quickly examining the people riding and walking, suddenly cried out in joy and surprise: “Fathers!” Mom, Sonya, look, it’s him! - Who? Who? - Look, by God, Bezukhov! - Natasha said, leaning out of the carriage window and looking at a tall, fat man in a coachman’s caftan, obviously a dressed-up gentleman by his gait and posture, who, next to a yellow, beardless old man in a frieze overcoat, approached under the arch of the Sukharev Tower. - By God, Bezukhov, in a caftan, with some old boy! By God,” said Natasha, “look, look!” - No, it’s not him. Is it possible, such nonsense? “Mom,” Natasha shouted, “I’ll give you a beating that it’s him!” I assure you. Wait, wait! - she shouted to the coachman; but the coachman could not stop, because more carts and carriages were leaving Meshchanskaya, and they were shouting at the Rostovs to get going and not delay the others. Indeed, although already much further away than before, all the Rostovs saw Pierre or a man unusually similar to Pierre, in a coachman's caftan, walking down the street with a bowed head and a serious face, next to a small beardless old man who looked like a footman. This old man noticed a face sticking out of the carriage at him and, respectfully touching Pierre's elbow, said something to him, pointing to the carriage. For a long time Pierre could not understand what he was saying; so he was apparently immersed in his thoughts. Finally, when he understood it, he looked as directed and, recognizing Natasha, at that very second, surrendering to the first impression, quickly headed towards the carriage. But, having walked ten steps, he, apparently remembering something, stopped. Natasha’s face, sticking out of the carriage, shone with mocking affection. - Pyotr Kirilych, go! After all, we found out! It is amazing! – she shouted, holding out her hand to him. - How are you? Why are you doing this? Pierre took the outstretched hand and awkwardly kissed it as he walked (as the carriage continued to move). - What's wrong with you, Count? – the countess asked in a surprised and compassionate voice. - What? What? For what? “Don’t ask me,” Pierre said and looked back at Natasha, whose radiant, joyful gaze (he felt this without looking at her) filled him with its charm. – What are you doing, or are you staying in Moscow? – Pierre was silent. - In Moscow? – he said questioningly. - Yes, in Moscow. Farewell. “Oh, I wish I were a man, I would certainly stay with you.” Oh, how good it is! - Natasha said. - Mom, let me stay. “Pierre looked absentmindedly at Natasha and wanted to say something, but the countess interrupted him: “You were at the battle, did we hear?” “Yes, I was,” answered Pierre. “Tomorrow there will be a battle again...” he began, but Natasha interrupted him: “What’s the matter with you, Count?” You don’t look like yourself... - Oh, don’t ask, don’t ask me, I don’t know anything myself. Tomorrow... No! Goodbye, goodbye,” he said, “a terrible time!” - And, falling behind the carriage, he walked onto the sidewalk. Natasha leaned out of the window for a long time, beaming at him with a gentle and slightly mocking, joyful smile. Pierre, since his disappearance from home, had already been living for the second day in the empty apartment of the late Bazdeev. Here's how it happened. Waking up the day after his return to Moscow and meeting with Count Rostopchin, Pierre for a long time could not understand where he was and what they wanted from him. When he was informed, among the names of other people who were waiting for him in the reception room, that a Frenchman was also waiting for him, bringing a letter from Countess Elena Vasilievna, he was suddenly overcome by that feeling of confusion and hopelessness to which he was capable of succumbing. It suddenly seemed to him that everything was over now, everything was confused, everything had collapsed, that there was neither right nor wrong, that there would be nothing ahead and that there was no way out of this situation. He, smiling unnaturally and muttering something, then sat on the sofa in a helpless position, then stood up, went to the door and looked through the crack into the reception area, then, waving his hands, returned back, I took up the book. Another time, the butler came to report to Pierre that the Frenchman, who had brought a letter from the countess, really wanted to see him even for a minute and that they had come from the widow of I. A. Bazdeev to ask to accept the books, since Mrs. Bazdeeva herself had left for the village.

Guest houses and resorts

So, for example, guests of “ Volna ” will have to walk no more than 5 minutes to Sovetskaya Square, and the road to the Central Beach will take the same amount. And from the windows of the rooms of the Victoria you can even admire the expanses of the sea. In addition, it is famous for its excellent barbecue area - with gazebos and barbecues. But still, there is something in Alushta that reminds of the distant Soviet past - these are numerous sanatoriums, located mostly in the Professor's Corner. It should be noted that there are few who lingered in that era - most of them have long been repaired and updated. For example, Alushtinskiy Health Resort is in no way inferior to any four-star hotel in its level of infrastructure development and quality of service. By the way, the legendary Blue Wave and Cliff , which have long become symbols of Alushta, have also been modernized - only the buildings themselves remind of the past.

What to pay attention to

As mentioned just above, moving to Alushta for most Russians is motivated by the Black Sea coast, mild climate and beautiful landscapes. However, these conditions can be taken seriously in the case of planning a place for a holiday, and not for a permanent residence.

After a few years of living, the sea and mountains will become familiar, and strong sea breezes in winter will begin to blow so much that you may want to change your newly inhabited house to an apartment in the temperate climate of central Russia.

Based on this, one should consider not only these conditions, but also other elements necessary for favorable human life. It is advisable to pay greatest attention to the following factors:

• Climatic features are considered fundamental for many.
• Property value. Naturally, at a distance of 20 - 30 km from the coast in a small village you can find quite decent housing at a reasonable price, but in this case we are considering living directly on the coast, at a maximum distance from the coast of 10 km.
• Infrastructure conditions.
• Employment opportunity.
• Cost of the consumer basket (food prices).

Healthy! You should think about moving for permanent residence only after all these conditions have been weighed and assessed in full.

Alushta, Crimean region

06 Feb2020

Prepared by: Admin. Section: Alushta

Alushta, Crimean region (continued)

Alushta is a city of regional subordination, located on the Black Sea coast, in a vast valley bordered by the mountains Kastel, Babugan, Chatyrdag, Demerdzhi. Two small mountain rivers flow through the city - Ulu-Uzen (Uzen-Bash) and Demerdzhi-Uzen. The distance to Simferopol is 45 km. Population - 23.5 thousand people. The Alushta City Council is subordinate to the Frunzensky Village, Izobilnensky, Luchistovsky, Malomayaksky, Malorechensky and Privetnensky Rural Councils.

About the presence of people here back in the 5th-4th millennium BC. e. This is evidenced by several Neolithic hunting sites discovered in the surrounding mountains. Traces of Bronze Age settlements have been preserved, as well as Taurus settlements and burial grounds of the 9th-6th centuries. BC BC - first centuries AD era.

The first written mention of Alushta dates back to the 6th century. n. e., when southern Crimea was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. Then, on the territory of the current city, the seaside fortress Aluston was built, protecting the coast from nomads. The population of medieval Aluston was engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, and fishing. Crafts also developed. Blacksmiths, jewelers, stonemasons, potters, tanners, carpenters, shoemakers, masons lived here. Trade with the Middle East was widespread. The Arab geographer Idrizi mentions Aluston (Shalushta) among the important coastal cities.

In 1239, the Mongol-Tatars destroyed Aluston. In the early 80s of the XIV century. The city was captured by Genoese merchants who settled in Kafe (Feodosia). The legend about the heroic resistance of the inhabitants of Aluston to the invaders has survived to this day. The Genoese troops attacked many times until they captured the city. “Men, women and children,” says the legend, “were all on the fortifications, fighting off the enemies with swords, stakes, axes, boiling tar and oil, pouring them on the besiegers, throwing stones at them.” In Italian notarial acts and on maps of the XV-XVII centuries. Alushta is listed as Alusta, Lusta or Luska.

In 1475, the troops of the Turkish Sultan captured the southern coast of Crimea, including Alushta. For some time it was part of the Sudak Kadylyk, remaining a Christian settlement. Residents of Alushta paid high taxes to the Sultan. In 1757, Alushta was granted to silyakhtar (second-class official) Islam, who brutally exploited the local population. In the middle of the 18th century. there were about 40 dwellings here, built from the remains of the fortress wall and built on the steep slopes of the hill around the ruins of a medieval fortress.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. Alushta was liberated from Turkish rule. On July 22, 1774, the Turks landed a large landing force off the coast of Alushta. A 7,000-strong detachment of Turks managed to advance towards Chatyrdag and capture the villages of Shumy (now Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka) and Demerdzhi (now Radiant). Russian troops (2850 people) led by Lieutenant General Count Musin-Pushkin were thrown against the landing. The grenadier battalion of the Tula Infantry Regiment, under the command of 29-year-old Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, was advancing on the village of Shumy. On July 23, during an assault on enemy positions near the village, M. I. Kutuzov was seriously wounded. Despite the stubborn resistance of the enemy and his superior forces, Russian troops defeated the Turks, capturing 2 batteries and 4 banners. At the site where M.I. Kutuzov was wounded, during the construction of the Simferopol-Alushta road in the 20s of the 19th century, a monument-fountain, known as Kutuzovsky, was erected.

In the difficult political situation created after the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi peace, A.V. Suvorov (at that time the commander of Russian troops in Crimea) created fortifications in the Alushta region to prevent a sudden landing of Turkish troops. The commander visited Alushta in April 1777 and May 1778.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia (1783), Alushta became the center of the volost, which included all the coastal villages from Simeiz in the southwest to Uskut (the village of Privetnoye) in the east. Part of the Alushta lands became the property of Adjutant General Popov. In 1798, there were 48 households in Alushta, with a population of 218 people. The construction of a highway connecting the southern coast of Crimea with Simferopol was of great importance for its economic development. In 1838, the Alushta volost became part of the Yalta district. The population grew in Alushta itself. Large landowner estates arose near the village.

The colorful nature of Crimea and its eventful history attracted writers and scientists here. In 1825, Alushta was visited by the Polish poet A. Mitskevich and A. S. Griboyedov. Its picturesque surroundings made a deep impression on them. “Alushta,” wrote A. Mitskevich, “is one of the most delightful places in Crimea...” He dedicated the sonnets “Alushta by day” and “Alushta by night” to her. In 1837, the poet V. A. Zhukovsky visited here, who in the village of Karabakh (now Bondarenkovo) met the Russian scientist, explorer of the Crimea, academician P. I. Keppen (1793-1864).

In 1864 in Alushta there were 120 households and 763 people. The villagers were state villagers. They lived on lands granted by the royal decree of December 6, 1846 to persons from the former khan's families. Villagers were obliged to fulfill established duties in favor of the owners for the use of their land. According to the regulation of 1870 on the land structure of state-owned villagers, they were given plots of land on the estates where they lived for permanent use, but ownership of the land remained with its owner.

The duties for the use of land were determined by the charter: a tenth of the entire harvest was paid in favor of the landowner and, in addition, a monetary duty or quitrent.

In the post-reform period, the process of class stratification of the rural population accelerates. In 1887, out of 266 village households, where there were 1,172 people, 223 households were poor. 36 had 2-3 heads of draft cattle, 7 large kulak farms had 4 or more horses and oxen. 20 farms kept 25 sheep each; 17 used hired labor. The vast majority of villagers used primitive tools to cultivate the land. In the village there were only six plows and quick-plows, which belonged to the kulaks. 97 households worked on the side.

The main occupation of local residents was viticulture, winemaking, fruit growing, tobacco growing, and the manufacture of primitive agricultural implements. Those owners who owned stagecoaches transported visitors to the resorts of Southern Crimea. Viticulture and tobacco growing brought large incomes to wealthy villagers. In terms of profitability, 15 dessiatines occupied by grain were equivalent to one dessiatine of tobacco, or half a dessiatine of a garden, or a quarter of a dessiatine of a vineyard.

The development of viticulture and processing of agricultural products increased the influx of day laborers to Alushta. By this time, in the village there were 5 fishing and 10 trading establishments, and a customs office. Large landowner wineries of the capitalist type began to grow on the outskirts of Alushta. In 1885, 18 private owners produced 3,064 buckets of red and 6,930 buckets of white wine on their estates. On the estates of Tokmakov and Molotkov (now the central estate of the Alushta wine state farm) up to 150 thousand buckets of wine were produced annually. Landowners bought a lot of wine from the population, processed it, and then sent it to the cities of central Russia and abroad. Using the labor of the poor, migrant workers from Ukraine and Russia, the landowners made enormous capital.

In the second half of the 19th century, with the establishment of a railway connection between Crimea and the central part of Russia, large landowners began to build dachas, houses for visitors, and restaurants in Alushta. At the end of the 19th century. Alushta is becoming a climatic resort.

From 1897 to 1902, the population of Alushta grew from 2,200 to 2,800 people. In 1902, Alushta was transformed into a provincial town. But this did not change her appearance. Narrow, crooked streets crammed along the steep slopes of the Ulu-Uzeni valley. From a distance it seemed that the houses were literally standing on top of each other. The unpaved embankment was buried in clouds of dust. In the evening the city was drowning in darkness. In 1904, the Alushta Resort Improvement Society drew up a plan for improving road facilities, creating squares, new streets and expanding old ones, but the meeting of city public administration commissioners rejected this project due to lack of funds.

The life of the working people of pre-revolutionary Alushta was difficult. Many of them worked for pennies in the gardens and vineyards of surrounding estates, in the construction of palaces and dachas, and in the mining of diorite in Partenit for 12-14 hours a day. The local bourgeoisie exploited seasonal workers especially brutally. They worked from dawn to night, living in damp and dirty sheds. On tobacco plantations in the vicinity of Alushta, the labor of hired workers who came from the southern provinces of Russia and Ukraine was widely used. Among them there were many underage girls. The rich forced them to work 15 or more hours a day. The workers lived in the same sheds where tobacco leaves were processed.

Inhuman working conditions, long working hours and low wages - all this gave rise to workers' dissatisfaction with the existing order. Political work among them on the eve of the revolution of 1905-1907. carried out by revolutionary workers V. Kushnirov, A. Kuzmenko and others.

In 1903, a Social Democratic group arose in Alushta, which launched propaganda work among the workers of the surrounding estates. A Sunday literacy club was created at the Romanovna estate, where Social Democrats taught workers reading, writing, arithmetic, held political discussions and readings of illegal literature. The worker T. G. Baglikov kept revolutionary literature (proclamations, leaflets, brochures, etc.) published by the Yalta Committee of the RSDLP. Social Democrats distributed it among the residents of Alushta. When the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 began, anti-war proclamations appeared in the city, explaining the imperialist nature of the war.

The news of “Bloody Sunday” of 1905 in Petrograd reached the Alushta residents. To help the workers of the Putilov plant, local youth collected 215 rubles. In the summer of that year, anti-government leaflets and proclamations often appeared on the walls of houses, in mailboxes and even on the tables of the city's post and telegraph office. In February 1906, the so-called a workers' club that regularly held meetings and rallies of workers on landowner estates. So, at a meeting held outside the city on April 16, workers discussed how to establish an 8-hour working day. On April 27, 1906, on the opening day of the first State Duma, more than 300 city workers took part in the funeral of one revolutionary. This funeral turned into a demonstration of protest against the arbitrariness of the authorities. A red banner with mourning ribbons fluttered over the coffin, workers and students sang the song “You fell a victim in the fatal struggle,” made revolutionary speeches, laid wreaths with the inscriptions: “From the workers to the freedom fighter,” “From the students to the victim of tyranny.” In the May days of 1906, more than 100 Alushta residents gathered in the cemetery grove. With the red banner unfurled, they headed to the northwestern outskirts of the city - Syrt, where they were joined by new groups of workers. The daily legal Bolshevik newspaper “Svetoch” (No. 5,

May 17, 1906), published in Moscow.

On October 26 of the same year, by a special decree of the Senate, the Yalta district was declared under a state of emergency protection. The Social Democratic group was crushed. V. Kushnirov and A. Kuzmenko, who were arrested then, died in prison. T. G. Baglikov and many others were expelled by the police outside the district.

After the defeat of the revolution of 1905-1907. The situation of Alushta workers worsened. In 1915, 363 peasant and rural households owned 309 dessiatines of convenient and 2,095 dessiatines of inconvenient land. About 570 acres (that is, more than 60 percent) of convenient land belonged to 93 landowners and kulaks. Farm laborers worked on this land - villagers, small tenants and hundreds of farm laborers who came here to work from Ukraine and southern Russia.

By the beginning of 1914, the population of Alushta was 5.8 thousand people. Only 127 residents had the right to vote in elections to the city public administration, which began functioning in 1903.

There were 532 stone houses in the city, including 378 residential, 2 large and 50 small hotels, a lodging house with 200 beds, and 32 taverns. The total length of the city's streets and alleys in 1910 was 7.5 km, paved ones - 0.5 km. The streets were illuminated by kerosene lanterns. Residents of Alushta took water from wells or rivers, and more from water carriers, who transported it in barrels around the city. Communication with Simferopol and Yalta was carried out using stagecoaches and carts covered with tarpaulin. In the summer, low-speed steamboats "Gurzuf" and "Alushta" plied between the southern coastal settlements. Holidaymakers came to the city every year.

The lack of running water and sewerage and the general unsanitary condition of the city caused frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases. The zemstvo hospital with 18 beds, staffed by a doctor, a paramedic and a midwife, could not serve the entire population. True, there were 8 more private doctors, 3 paramedics, a midwife and 3 dentists in the city, but only the wealthy used their services. In 1913, 2,400 rubles were allocated for health care, and 900 rubles, or 2.4 percent, for public education. city ​​budget. In 1887, there were only 194 literate people in Alushta. The school, opened in 1861, was attended by 112 children. At the beginning of the 20th century. In the city there were 2 elementary schools (zemstvo and parish), where 145 students studied, in 1914 - 4 elementary schools (with 397 students and 11 teachers). In 1910, there were 2 libraries and 5 reading rooms.

Alushta late XIX - early XX centuries. Many famous Russian and Ukrainian writers and public figures visited. V. G. Korolenko and A. M. Gorky visited here. In 1896, in the city and surrounding villages, the Ukrainian writer M. M. Kotsyubinsky worked for four and a half months in the commission to combat phylloxera, who was at that time under the secret supervision of the police “due to political unreliability.” The notes made by the writer about the morals and customs of the local population, about the Alushta landscape, were reflected in his Crimean short stories. In the summer of 1906, young K. G. Paustovsky lived in Alushta for several months, who later created vivid pictures of local life in the story “Fever.” In September-October of the same year, the writer A. I. Kuprin wrote the story “On the Wood Grouses” here. The creative activity of the Russian Soviet writer S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky is inextricably linked with Alushta. In 1886, the Russian scientist N.A. Golovkinsky arrived here, leaving the post of rector of Novorossiysk (Odessa) University due to the introduction of a reactionary university charter. Working as the chief hydrologist in Crimea, he studied the water regime of the peninsula, was interested in the history of Crimea, the development of viticulture and winemaking. In 1894 he published one of the first guidebooks to Crimea. The first female doctor in Russia, N.P. Suslova-Golubeva (1843-1918), lived in the village of Lazurny for more than 25 years. Together with her husband, professor of microbiology A.E. Golubev, she did a lot to improve medical and sanitary services for the population.

When it became known about the overthrow of the Tsar in February 1917, the bourgeoisie and dacha owners of the city immediately created a temporary committee of public safety. At the same time, a local committee of the Provisional Muslim Executive Committee of Crimea arose, organized by the nationalist Tatar bourgeois intelligentsia. Elections were held to the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which in the second half of April merged into the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. The absence of an industrial proletariat affected the composition of the Council - it was Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik. Only three out of 11 deputies were representatives of workers.

Thanks to the extensive explanatory work carried out among workers and peasants by the Bolsheviks who returned from prison and exile, their influence on the working people increased. In the spring of 1917, trade unions of agricultural workers, diggers, construction workers, etc. arose in Alushta. In April, trade unions, already numbering 800 people, united into the “Union of Workers of Alushta and Its Environs.” The union was headed by the Bolshevik T. G. Baglikov. In June, 8 representatives of the Workers' Union joined the Alushta Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. A consumer workers' cooperative was created. The executive committee of the Workers' Union opened a teahouse, a canteen for workers, as well as an overnight shelter for visitors, and provided financial assistance to trade union members. The executive committee of the “Union” sent representatives from the workers to the food committee under the city government for the purpose of control. An 8-hour working day was established for workers on surrounding estates.

The workers of Alushta joyfully greeted the news of the October armed uprising in Petrograd. The Bolsheviks launched an active struggle against the Millifirkaites, who conducted nationalist agitation and propaganda aimed at dividing the revolutionary forces of the working people. In January 1918, detachments of sailors from revolutionary Sevastopol arrived here to assist workers in their fight against the White Guard and the Tatar bourgeois counter-revolution. The workers of Simferopol also provided armed assistance. On January 18, 1918, Soviet power was established in the city. A representative from the Alushta Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies became a member of the regional military-revolutionary committee located in Sevastopol.

At the beginning of March, elections were held to the Alushta Council of Workers', Soldiers' and Villagers' Deputies (M.F. Grin became the chairman). The Council included representatives from the Bolsheviks - T. G. Baglikov, A. A. Frolov, G. M. Kontorovich, M. Plakhotin and others. 13 commissariats were created under the executive committee of the Council. The Labor Commissariat, relying on trade unions, was involved in the employment of the population and controlled the work of workshops and enterprises; food - distributed food, clothing, shoes, kerosene and other essential goods among workers; The military commissariat formed Red Guard detachments.

In April 1918, the volost Council of Peasants and Villagers' Deputies was elected, which confiscated large landowners' holdings. Former farm laborers and land-poor peasants received land plots, and city residents received plots for vegetable gardens. The bourgeoisie was subject to indemnity.

At the beginning of April, the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Tavrida allocated 22 thousand rubles to Alushta. for public education expenses. 6 primary schools were opened in the city and surrounding villages. From the end of March, the People's University began operating, organizing lectures for the population and holding discussions on various topics. The Trud printing house printed the Bulletins published by this university. At the end of the same month, a subscription was carried out among the population of the volost for the newspapers “Tavrichesky Sovetskie Izvestia” and “Yalta Commune”.

Counter-revolutionary elements opposed the measures of the people's power and spread anti-Soviet appeals. The Executive Committee of the Council confiscated the appeals and arrested the counter-revolutionaries. In March, with the threat of invasion by the German occupiers, 3 detachments were created and sent to Simferopol, where Red Army formations were formed.

In the second half of April, Tatar bourgeois nationalists and White Guards rebelled in the villages neighboring Alushta. On the night of April 20, they managed to disarm the commanders of the Red Guard detachments S. Zhilinsky and I. Kuleshov, arrest the Labor Commissioner of the Alushta Council T. G. Baglikov and seize power in the city. Having learned about the departure of members of the government of the Republic of Taurida from Yalta, on April 21 the rebels set up an ambush near the village of Biyuk-Lambat (Maly Mayak), captured members of the government and brought them to Alushta. A destroyer with a detachment of revolutionary sailors, and a Red Guard detachment from Yalta were sent against the counter-revolutionaries from Sevastopol. At noon on April 24, a detachment of revolutionary sailors entered Alushta. However, it was not possible to save those arrested; the enemies managed to shoot them near Mount Demerdzhi. The next day, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Taurida N. G. Slutsky, a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Republic of Taurida, the chairman of the provincial committee of the RSDLP (b) Ya. Yu. Tarvatsky, people's commissars S. P. Novoselsky, A. Kolyadenko, members of the Sevastopol Council Baranov and A. A. Beim, Commissioner of the Alushta Council T. G. Baglikov, commanders of the Red Guard detachments I. Kuleshov and S. Zhilinsky. The seriously wounded People's Commissar of Agriculture S.S. Akimochkin died of his wounds 4 and a half months later. In 1940, a monumental 12-meter obelisk topped with a red star was installed at the mass grave of the victims.

On April 26, 1918, Alushta was occupied by German troops. The invaders restored the power of the landowners and capitalists. With the help of bourgeois nationalists, who became their accomplices, the occupiers took bread, livestock, food, and equipment from the peasants. Residents who resisted were shot. The city government obliged the entire population to pay taxes to the city treasury starting in 1917. In November 1918, the German invaders were replaced by Anglo-French interventionists and White Guards.

On April 10, 1919, Soviet power was restored in Alushta. On April 23, the Alushta volost revolutionary committee and its departments were organized - municipal economy, management, economic and economic, housing, etc. The district party committee was headed by R. G. Chernova, an active participant in the partisan movement and party underground in Ukraine. At the end of May 1919, the party organization united 5 communists and 31 sympathizers.

The volost revolutionary committee, together with the Council of Peasant and Village Deputies, elected in the first half of May 1919, imposed an indemnity on the bourgeoisie and introduced a one-time clothing duty on traders, factory owners, factory owners, owners of workshops and large real estate. Horses, carts, and harnesses were requisitioned from kulak farms. In the Alushta suburb of Popovka, a committee of the poor of 3 people was organized; 4 committees of poor people and 6 cooperatives arose in the Alushta volost. The protection of public order was entrusted to the workers' and peasants' militia organized in April. B. A. Lavrenev, later a famous Soviet writer, was appointed commandant of the city and head of the 4th coastal defense region. On May 25, 1919, by decision of the meeting of the Alushta party organization (in June there were 16 communists and 18 sympathizers), its members began to study military affairs. At the beginning of June, a detachment of volunteers went to fight Denikin. After the capture of Alushta in June 1919 by the White Guards, estates and lands were again returned to the former owners. The population was subjected to robbery and violence. In the summer of 1920, an underground group of communists led by S.M. Serova operated in Alushta, which maintained contact with the Crimean regional party committee. There was a bureau for the formation of partisan detachments, headed by A. M. Brodsky. The Red partisans instilled fear in the White Guards with surprise attacks and kept the highways under control. On November 14, 1920, units of the 52nd Infantry Division of the Red Army, with the help of partisans, liberated Alushta from the White Guards. Before their arrival, a group of communists led by P. M. Oslovsky (Anton) and S. M. Serova, emerging from underground, organized the seizure of a communications center.

On November 16, the first meeting of the newly created Alushta Revolutionary Committee took place, which was headed by a party member since 1902, professional revolutionary I. F. Fedoseev. The revolutionary committee decided to introduce control over the operation of the enterprise at the distillery. On November 17, the Economic Council was organized with departments: food, land, utilities, social security, health care, education, and a subdepartment of public communications. At the same time, in November, the food department of the Alushta Revolutionary Committee started baking bread for the city population and operating a canteen for Red Army soldiers. On November 28, the Alushta organizational bureau of the RCP (b) was created, in the first half of December - the district committee of the RCP (b), the first secretary of which was M. I. Moiseev (now a personal pensioner, corresponding member of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin) . In January 1921, a city party committee was elected.

On December 2, 1920, the composition of the Alushta district revolutionary committee was approved (chairman I.F. Fedoseev), which was subordinate to the Yalta district revolutionary committee. Wonderful parks and buildings on the estates of millionaires Stakheev and Linden were taken under protection. A special commission conducted an accounting of the property of 45 Alushta dachas and hotels. The houses of the bourgeoisie were inhabited by workers who huddled in shacks and basements. The property of White Guard families was also requisitioned and confiscated, and city bakeries were nationalized. Several trade union workers' canteens and free food stations were opened in the city for the hungry population. With the introduction of the card system, the fight against speculation intensified. At one of the dachas a shelter was set up for the elderly and disabled, and for those in dire need - a temporary home. In December 1920, a kindergarten, a “house of future citizens” (nurseries), and two orphanages were opened.

Under the leadership of party and Soviet bodies, the lands and estates of large landowners were nationalized throughout the region. Part of the land was allocated to peasants. At the end of 1920 - beginning of 1921, a branch of Yuzhsovkhoz was created in Alushta, which included 15 of the largest estates.

Counter-revolutionary elements tried to take advantage of the economic difficulties of the recovery period. From the end of 1920 to 1922, Alushta was attacked by gangs consisting of White Guards and Tatar bourgeois nationalists. The fight against banditry was led by the Alushta district committee of the RCP(b). The city had to be defended by a small Red Army detachment (about fifty bayonets), police and special forces units (CHON). Every evening after work, all communists and Komsomol members gathered at the CHON headquarters and then dispersed to night outposts and patrols.

Party and Soviet bodies did a lot of work to rebuild the economy along a socialist basis. Restoring gardening, viticulture, and tobacco growing required enormous efforts. In the spring of 1926, an agronomic, rental and veterinary center, an agricultural credit partnership, 14 small collective farms, and 2 state farms — “Alushta” and “Red Paradise” — were already operating in Alushta. But the majority of peasants were still individual farmers. There were 440 peasant farms in the city. The poor and middle peasants continued to farm on small plots of land, while the kulaks retained plots that significantly exceeded the size of the average labor plot. In addition, the kulaks rented land from the peasant poor, which the Soviet government had allocated to them, since some of the poor had neither living nor dead implements for their cultivation.

Immediately after the liberation of the city from the Wrangelites, on the basis of Lenin’s decree “On the use of Crimea for the treatment of workers,” the organization of the Alushta resort began. By order of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee on December 25, 1920, Alushta, as part of the Yalta region, was designated as a resort area of ​​national importance. As early as November 22, 1920, a list of ten dachas was approved for their transfer to sanatoriums for workers. In addition to the city house "Rest", 2 sanatoriums for 20 and 25 beds opened at the end of November. The dacha, which previously belonged to the Tsarist General Linden, was turned into the first sanatorium under Soviet power for wounded participants in the assault on Perekop. Metal workers became the owners of the palace of the former millionaire Stakheev. In 1923, on the basis of 14 nationalized dachas, a trade union health resort began operating - the Rest House of the Crimean Council of Trade Unions with 800 beds. Since then, the resort suburb of Alushta began to be called the Working Corner. Gradually the city was improved: electric lights were installed on its streets, buildings and pavements were repaired, and the boulevard was built up. In 1925, the restoration of the city power plant was completed. Medical care for the population has improved. In 1925, 2 doctors and 6 nurses worked in the city hospital with 40 beds. There was an outpatient clinic and a pharmacy. The Department of Public Education of the Revolutionary Committee created a network of new institutions of public education and culture. In 1924, there were 3 first-level schools, an orphanage, a club of young pioneers, a city library in the city, and by the end of 1925 there were five schools with 692 students.

In July 1923, the two primary party organizations of the city united 27 members and 7 candidates for membership of the RCP (b). Four Komsomol cells consisted of 46 RKSM members. On the initiative of the district party committee, a single party and inter-union club was created to work with communists and trade union members. There were circles there - workers' correspondence, library, drama, sports, cutting and sewing: there was a library, a reading room, and a Lenin corner. The party and Komsomol cells published a weekly citywide wall newspaper, “Red Lighthouse,” which exposed the hostile actions of Tatar bourgeois nationalists and kulaks.

By the end of 1925, the city's population was 4,541 people.

In conditions of fierce resistance from the kulaks and Tatar bourgeois nationalists, former Millifirkovites, collectivization of agriculture was carried out. By the beginning of 1929, there were three agricultural partnerships in Alushta: credit, tobacco and fruit and vegetable. In November of the same year, in the outskirts of Popovka, which was renamed the village of Ilyichevka, the “Memory of Ilyich” agricultural artel arose. In February-March 1930, kulak families who had waged counter-revolutionary agitation against collective farms were evicted from Alushta. In 1932-1933. The illegal anti-Soviet bourgeois-nationalist group “Secret Society”, which had its center in Alushta, was discovered and liquidated. This organization incited antagonism between the Russian and Tatar populations and incited teachers and students of Tatar schools against Soviet power.

On October 2, 1930, Alushta and its surrounding villages were allocated to a national (with a predominance of the Tatar population) region, uniting 10 village councils (13 villages)1, with a population of 20 thousand people. At that time, 4,800 people lived in the city. The area was classified as a special crop area: 1,300 hectares were allocated for vineyards, 1,000 hectares for tobacco, and 800 hectares for orchards. There were 2 communes and 10 agricultural associations, uniting 1,600 farms. State farms “Alushta” and “Lavanda” (organized in 1930) occupied an area of ​​1100 hectares. The state provided assistance to new collective farms. On April 1, 1930, three tractors were working in the Alushta bush. The first fishing collective farm “The Way of Socialism” was created in the city (organizer and chairman - V.I. Khromykh), which had 3-engine longboats. There was a credit handicraft partnership. Soon, the city’s artisans united into the trade artels “Own Labor”, “Forest Labor”, “Source”, and the cab drivers and loaders - into the “Guzh-transport” artel.

The Alushta MTS, created in 1933, greatly helped in the organizational and economic strengthening of collective farms. On July 1, 1939, its fleet included 15 tractors and 4 cars, 11 collective farms in the region united 2998 farms. In the city there were the central offices of the grape-growing and wine-making state farm "Alushta", which had 175 hectares of vineyards, about 50 hectares of gardens, and an essential oil state farm. The Alushta state farm employed 486 workers, had 6 tractors and 9 cars, and a power plant that served some of the city’s houses. The state farm employed 250 workers and had 8 cars.

In the socialist competition that unfolded between the Alushta region of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bolshebelozersk region of the Zaporozhye region, the Alushta state farm in 1940 achieved a grape harvest of 36 centners per hectare. There were 133 Stakhanovites and 66 shock workers on the state farm, among them the foremen of the wine-growing brigades, the communists P. P. Skoda and M. A. Medzhitova, and the winegrower N. D. Moroz.

In 1938, there were 20 state-owned enterprises in the area, most of which were located in Alushta: shoe and sewing workshops, a soft drink factory, a bakery, a repair office, metalworking workshops, a printing house, a power plant, a water pumping station, etc. 316 workers worked at the city’s enterprises. 308 people were employed in 7 fishing cooperatives. There were 7 catering establishments. In 1940, an industrial plant was founded.

At the same time, a lot of work was carried out on the further development and reconstruction of the resort facilities. According to data as of June 1, 1934, in the Alushta region there were 17 resort institutions - sanatoriums, boarding houses and holiday homes with 4518 beds. In subsequent years, new health resorts were built: sanatoriums "Communist" (press workers of Ukraine), "Red Krivoy Rog", named after. M. Gorky, mother and child sanatorium "Medsantrud", rest home "Metro", teachers of Ukraine, command staff of the Kharkov Military District, People's Commissariat of the Food Industry of the RSFSR. In 1940, over 38 thousand workers and their children rested and were treated in all twenty health resorts of the Alushta region (in 1913, about 3,500 vacationers came to Alushta). There were 26 doctors working in health resorts located in the city.

Over five thousand tourists visited Alushta every year. Almost all Crimean routes intertwined here. In 1934, the largest tourist base of the Society of Proletarian Tourism and Excursions opened in Crimea, which was later transformed into the Tourist House of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. The Crimean State Nature Reserve, established on July 30, 1923, became a favorite place for hiking and exciting excursions. V.V. Kuibysheva (now a hunting reserve). Its director was A.V. Mokrousov, a hero of the civil war, a former commander of the Crimean partisans.

Every year the city improved. If in 1926 only electric lights were lit on the Alushta embankment, then in 1928-1932. sanatoriums and holiday homes, local industrial enterprises, and residential buildings received electricity. The road to the Workers' Corner and the embankment were paved, and some streets were lined with stone paving stones. The problem of the city's water supply was successfully resolved - in 1928, construction of the first stage of the water supply system was completed. In the second five-year plan, the Alushta-Simferopol highway was improved and paved, Lenin Street was paved, and a bus station was built on the embankment. In the summer, small passenger ships plied between Alushta and Yalta.

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Alushta, Crimean region (continued)

How to get from Simferopol to Alushta

The distance from Simferopol to Alushta is not that great, only 47 kilometers, but taxi drivers are asking sky-high sums to get there. That is why many tourists are interested in the question of how to get to Alushta on their own. In principle, it’s not difficult. Trolleybuses No. 51 and 52 run from Simferopol railway station to the resort. They depart almost every 20-30 minutes, a ticket costs 77 rubles. A trip by minibus will cost a little more, but you will be able to get there faster. Trolleybus No. 54 also runs from Simferopol airport, which will take you to Alushta. True, it leaves once an hour. Ticket price: 77 rubles. For those who don’t want to wait, there are minibuses, the fare for which will cost 100-120 rubles.