Year founded: 1871
Ivanovo (Photo: gradnevest.ru)
Ivanovo
- the center of the Ivanovo region of the Russian Federation, located on both banks of the Uvod River.
In 1871, the village of Ivanovo merged with Voznesensky Posad, the city was named Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The Patriotic War of 1812 helped in the development of the textile industry in the city. Since the manufactories burned down in the Moscow fire, and after the war the demand for fabrics increased, Ivanovo enterprises increased production.
The Shchudrovskaya tent is the first building of the administration of the village of Ivanovo. In the 19th century, Ivanovo-Voznesensk was the largest center of light industry in Europe. During the revolution of 1905, the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies in Russia was formed in the city. In 1929, a decision was made to form the Ivanovo industrial region, uniting the Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces.
In December 1932, by resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk was renamed the city of Ivanovo. During the Second World War, the journey of the legendary Normandie-Niemen air regiment began in Ivanovo. During the war years, Ivanovo factories clothed 12 million soldiers.
Ivanovo is not only a textile center, the city is famous for its educational institutions. The first men's real school appeared in Ivanovo-Voznesensk in 1873, the first women's pro-gymnasium in 1878. The first universities (Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute and Ivanovo-Voznesensk Pedagogical Institute) were opened in 1918.
House-ship
Currently, more than ten universities operate here. The modern city of Ivanovo is a large cultural and industrial center; the city is famous not only for the textile industry, but also for the production of excavators, truck cranes, and drilling rigs.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2022, Ivanovo was awarded the honorary title of Russian Federation for the significant contribution of city residents to achieving Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, ensuring uninterrupted production of military and civilian products at industrial enterprises, and for the massive labor heroism and dedication shown. Federation " City of Labor Valor"
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Attractions
Ivanovo: Shchudrovskaya tent - the oldest brick building in the city, the wooden Church of the Assumption, quaint houses: a ship house, a horseshoe house. The city is part of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Interesting
, that Ivanovo is called the “city of brides”, since a large number of women work at its enterprises.
The city has a population of approximately 400 thousand people (as of 2022).
Day of the city
in Ivanovo it is traditionally celebrated in May.
History of origin
Although City Day in Ivanovo is celebrated on the last Sunday of May, the exact date of its foundation remains unknown. The city of brides was originally a simple village. The settlement between two rivers has been a hereditary land holding for many villages for three centuries, some of which still exist today. For example, Stromikhino, Afanasovo, Golyakovo, Lomy, Zhukovo, Glinishchevo.
The first written mentions of the city of Ivanovo date back to the mid-sixteenth century. The village was a gift from Ivan the Terrible to his wife's brother. That is, the first owner and recipient of the royal gift was Prince Mikhail Temryukovich.
An inventory from the thirtieth year of the seventeenth century suggests that Ivanovo was a village that received its main income from production and trade. A component of the settlement was also a monastic settlement called “Pitykino”. Near it begin the modern streets of Ivanovo - Krutitskaya and Sovetskaya. In total, there were one hundred and twenty-three farms in the village, of which thirty-four were empty. The latter were formed as a result of the devastating raids of the Polish-Swedish invaders. The Polish gentry mercilessly plundered the village, but the population of Ivanovo showed themselves to be patriotic, because the residents defended themselves very courageously.
Holidays and festivals
Event tourism is no less popular in the city than excursion and pilgrimage tours. Every winter, for more than 10 years, Ivanovo gathers rock music lovers for the traditional Rock February festival. It is attended by non-professional youth rock bands performing music in different directions - acoustics, vocals, traditional and extreme rock, punk rock and hard rock, alternative and “Neformat”.
On the last Saturday of May, Ivanovo celebrates City Day. All the streets traditionally host many interesting sports and cultural events: theatrical processions, Brides Parade, canupolo games, workout shows, folk souvenir fairs and concerts.
There is even a special historical trolleybus running around the city on this day. And the holiday ends with colorful evening fireworks.
Church of St. George the Victorious
New owners
In the seventy-first year of the sixteenth century, the owner of the estate, Mikhail Cherkassky, was executed. The Skopin-Shuisky princes became the new owners. Sixty years later, Ivanovo passed to Prince Ivan Shuisky, who was the tsar’s brother. But the city of brides did not remain in the possession of this owner for long. Eight years later he died, but still managed to leave a will, according to which the village was to go to Yakov Cherkassky. However, Ivanovo was mortgaged to the Suzdal archbishop, and the prince, before assuming the rights of the heir, had to redeem it. Over the next hundred years, the village was under the rule of the Cherkassky family. They were replaced by the Sheremetyev counts, who ruled the village for one hundred and twenty years.
The population of Ivanovo at that time was eight hundred inhabitants who lived in three hundred households. The main occupation of the people was the production of textiles and the sale of related goods. The population of Ivanovo briskly traded in canvas, dyed goods and prints at the surrounding bazaars and fairs.
Museums Ivanovo
Article: Museums of Ivanovo - past and present of the “city of brides”
Textile manufactories have been operating in the city for a long time, so one of the most popular museums is dedicated to Ivanovo chintz. It was opened in 1987 in the old mansion of the manufacturer and philanthropist D. G. Burylin. Museum collections tell about textile production technologies from ancient times to the present day. One of the sections is dedicated to a native of Ivanovo, the famous Russian fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev.
Tourists who want to get acquainted with the history of the city come to the local history museum. Its holdings include more than 780 exhibits - unique archaeological finds, weapons, numismatics, books, paintings and objects of decorative and applied art.
The building of the Ivanovo Calico Museum
Travelers interested in the history of cars check out the Museum of the Soviet Automotive Industry, which was opened in 1992 on the basis of a local auto repair plant. Airplane lovers are regulars at the Ivanovo Museum of Military Transport Aviation.
Tourists who come to the city with children like the School of Crafts museum. In its halls you can see items of women's handicrafts, folk toys, an exhibition of samovars, teapots and cups.
In the Ivanovo State Museum of History and Local Lore. D. G. Burylina
Origins of the textile industry
The development of trade and production was very active. Ivanovo knitwear, which is famous all over Russia, originated at exactly the same time. Buyers decided to expand their sales potential. They were not satisfied with only the local market, and therefore they decided to develop other, more distant places. These were St. Petersburg, Astrakhan, and even Central Asia
Already in that distant time, the population of Ivanovo was famous for its golden hands. We can speak about this with such confidence based on the following fact: English sailors purchased canvas in huge quantities to make ship sails. In the mid-eighteenth century, serf G.I. Butrimov organized the first manual production in the village. His factory was not of a huge scale, and the equipment included only fifty machines. At the same time, Grachev's manufactory appeared outside the village. Its productivity was much higher than the previous one, since it operated hundreds of looms. Currently, on the basis of this production, a cotton mill named after Samoilov has been created.
Although the manufactories were created by different people, they belonged to Count Sheremetyev. In fact, the creators of production were just overseers. Ivanovo knitwear was made both by immigrant peasants, who were released by landowners to earn money, and by local residents who had no other source of income. The most surprising thing was that for the opportunity to engage in a craft, the workers paid the count a fairly high quitrent. It amounted to fifteen rubles per working soul. They took a quitrent in the form of yarn from the fair half. At the same time, the average Russian payments were five rubles. But the population of Ivanovo gave away almost their three months’ earnings.
Manual production of chintz was organized by O.S. Sokov. Initially, the manufactory produced simple printed material on canvas. But the durability and brightness of the dyes, the wide selection of colors and the unusual designs were excellent. Perhaps this was due to the fact that the founder of the manufactory, Sokov, was an artist-carver. In the process of development, the production began to engage in printing on cotton fabrics. It gave rise to the mass production of chintz.
At that time, the streets of Ivanovo were full of workshops and heated huts. More prosperous peasants organized entire mini-factories for the production of heel prints. By the end of the eighteenth century there were about twenty of them in the village. Over time, production scales grew, and enterprises turned into entire manufactories. Around the same time, the textile industry was repurposed. Factories began to produce cotton and calico fabric instead of linen. Initially, the production worked on imported fabric, and then only foreign yarn was used to produce calico and chintz.
The Patriotic War of 1812 gave a big impetus to the development of manufactories. Since similar Moscow factories were destroyed, their place was taken by Ivanovo ones. After all, who, if not they, should have supplied the entire destroyed state with fabrics. For local entrepreneurs it was a “gold mine”. All existing manufactories expanded, and many new factories arose. Against the backdrop of the war, a powerful production breakthrough occurred. Technologies and methods for processing cotton fabric have been constantly improved. The welding method of dyeing was introduced into weaving. In terms of trade and handicrafts, Ivanovo surpassed all settlements in the Vladimir region.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Ivanovo is presented in the form of a French shield bordered by a gold line.
A woman in a silver shirt and red sundress is depicted in an azure field. On her head is a scarf and a red kokoshnik. She sits facing the viewer's left. Behind the knees is a spinning wheel comb with a tow, held with the right hand. In front of the girl stands a spinning wheel, the wheel of which she rotates with her left hand. All items are made of gold. They symbolize the textile industry.
The artistic composition is included in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 111. Adopted by decision of the Ivanovo City Duma No. 33-1 of May 22, 1996. The author is V. Almaev.
Capitalist peasants
While some, the so-called “wealthy peasants,” filled their wallets, others lived below the poverty line. The workers were directly dependent on the owners of the “calico kingdom.” The rent increased steadily. By the thirtieth year of the nineteenth century, its size was equal to forty-five rubles per worker. It was impossible to evade or ask for a delay. Debts were recovered by any means. Some owners of textile enterprises asked permission from the landowner and bought plots from the peasants. It was normal to support up to a thousand people who were not involved in production, but maintained order and ran the household.
The first person to live in this way was the manufacturer Grachev. In order to be equated with the Moscow merchants, he paid Count Sheremetyev. He had to pay one hundred and thirty-five thousand rubles for his freedom. He inspired many factory owners to do the same, from whom the landowner received huge sums. Before the abolition of serfdom, this was very relevant, and the count earned about a million from such transactions.
But even after gaining freedom, the “wealthy peasants” were left with an empty trough. Sheremetyev agreed to the deal only on the condition that he retained the right to own real estate. And since paying rent for industrial buildings was unimaginably expensive, manufacturers began to buy land. They transferred their production to them, and such areas were called settlements. They were erected and expanded very quickly, and soon began to unite. Such cooperatives were transformed into urban-type settlements. At that time they were called posads. The factory owners sought to get rid of the influence of the Sheremetyev family and thereby move the center of market trade to themselves - to Voznesensky Posad.
Industrialization of production
The nineteenth century was special for the textile industry for another reason. It was in this century that the industrial revolution took place. Manual labor was replaced by cylinder calico printing machines, a steam engine, and mechanical weaving looms. Industrialization meant that by the middle of the century, seventy-five percent of fabrics were sold from machines. The textile industry went into mechanical mode.
Thanks to this industrial boom, on July 21, 1871, the Committee of Ministers adopted a Regulation according to which the village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad were united. The settlements were assigned the status of a city without a district, called Ivanovo-Voznesensk and located in the Vladimir province. Ivanovo's economy was characterized by stability thanks to textile factories, paper spinning and weaving mills, chemical and mechanical plants. Almost everyone was employed in the production sector. The number of inhabitants increased steadily, and the population of Ivanovo amounted to over ten thousand people.
In the middle of the 19th century, archaeologists discovered several mounds and burial grounds that had stood since ancient times on Yamy, that is, in the area of Kalinin Street (city center, left bank of the Uvod River). Scientists suggest that the territory of Ivanovo was inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes 1000 years ago, but later the Slavs settled the area.
Uvod River Uvod is a river in the Ivanovo and Vladimir regions, the second largest tributary of the Klyazma after the Nerl (length 185 kilometers), originates northeast of the city of Komsomolsk in the Andreevsky swamps.
It flows into the Klyazma through two channels: two kilometers north of Kovrov and eight kilometers northeast of it. The drainage basin area is 3770 square meters. km. In 1937, to the north of Ivanovo on Uvodi, a large Uvod reservoir was created. Its length is 37 kilometers, width is up to 1.5 kilometers. The reservoir was created to supply water to the city of Ivanovo, and is replenished with Volga water through the Volga-Uvod canal. Construction of the canal began in September 1960. In September 1966 it was put into operation. The pumping station raised water from the Volga to a height of 51 m, and then it flowed by gravity. The length of the canal was 78 kilometers. Two more dams were built within the boundaries of Ivanov itself, which made it possible to build embankments and organize the movement of small pleasure boats on Uvodi. Having received two large tributaries on the right - the Ukhtom and the Vyazma, the Uvod expands and begins to form numerous oxbow lakes, channels and islands, among which the extremely winding main channel is often lost. In some places, Uvod forms lake-like extensions. The river retains this character right up to its mouth. In the 19th century, the Uvod became one of the dirtiest rivers in Russia. Here is what they wrote about the state of the river within Ivanovo-Voznesensk at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries: “Its water, alternately colored red, green, or blue and covered with a rainbow film of oil, emits a suffocating stench that spreads in the summer heat for several miles. Everything is dumped into the river: waste paints, oil residues, sewage. Old people still remember how this river was home to fish, crayfish, and was a wonderful watering hole. Now it's a river of death. There is absolutely no organic life in it. Even on its banks, grass, sedge and small bushes stand as if scorched.” The first mention of a settlement on the Uvod River in this area dates back to 1328.
In Ivan Kalita’s spiritual document it is called “the settlement of Ivan on Uvodi.” In the middle of the 14th century, during the time of Dmitry Donskoy, the settlement was named the village of Ivan. Presumably, during this period, a chapel in honor of John the Baptist appeared in the village of Ivan, which served as the basis for naming the village after this saint. After the construction of the Church of St. John the Baptist, the settlement acquired the status of a village. At the beginning of the 15th century, under the Grand Duke Vasily the Dark, Ivanovo was already called a village. Later mentions of the village of Ivanovo in chronicles occur in 1561. This year, according to legend, it was transferred by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible to the princes of Cherkassy, after his marriage to Maria Cherkassy, but the document on the donation of the village has not been preserved. In 1579, the Pokrovsky monastery for men was built near the village, and next to it the monastery settlement of Pritykino. At the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries, the villages of Ivanovo and Kokhma, which were part of the Kokhomskaya volost, were the patrimony of the Skopins-Shuiskys. Acts of the late 1610s - early 1630s record the villages of Ivanovo and Kokhma in the possession of princesses Anna Petrovna and Alexandra Vasilievna Skopin-Shuisky, mother and wife of Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky. According to the will of the “elder princess Anisya Petrovna” Skopina, Ivanovo and its villages went to Ivan Ivanovich Pugovka-Shuisky, the last representative of the Shuisky family. In the first half of the 17th century, Ivanovo was briefly in the possession of the Shuisky princes, after which it returned to the Cherkassky princes. From the description of the village in 1667 it was clear that it was getting richer and growing. In 1742, the first linen manufactory appeared in the village, owned by the peasant Butrimov. Soon a large finishing manufactory, Sokov, appeared, located near the Uvod River. In 1743, the village of Ivanovo came into the possession of Count Sheremetev. At the beginning of the 19th century, foreign steam engines began to appear in factories, after which the first spinning mill opened. The village of Ivanovo in 1844. In 1853, several settlements united into Voznesensky Posad
, which arose on the site of the village of Ikonnikovo, which until 1612 belonged to the ancestor of Alexander Pushkin.
Voznesensky Posad was socially more developed in contrast to Ivanov. This difference prevented the rapid merging of settlements. Voznesensky Posad in 1861. After the Reform of 1861, industry developed in terms of organizing production. Thanks to this, production volumes increased, despite the fact that no new enterprises were built until 1890. The first hospital
appeared in Voznesensky Posad in 1861. Many Ivanovo entrepreneurs collected money for the construction of the hospital. In 1865, the first Ivanovo public library opened.
On July 21, 1871, Emperor Alexander II approved the renaming of the village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad of the Vladimir province into the district-free city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk,
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Thus, the old flax processing center, the village of Ivanovo, merged with the industrial Voznesensky Posad and received the status of a single administrative unit. Opening of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the Cathedral Church there on August 30, 1873. Yakov Petrovich Garelin
, a philanthropist, local historian, industrialist and public figure, is considered the founder of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the first Head of the city. Under his leadership, large-scale improvement of the city and greening of streets began. On May 30, 2011, in honor of the 140th anniversary of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, a monument to Yakov Garelin (sculptor I.V. Bychkov, architect V.M. Shakhmatov) was unveiled on Revolution Square. See the opening of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the Cathedral Church in it.
Monument to Yakov Garelin
Ivanovo has traditionally been a center of light industry (for the title of the main center of light industry in Europe, the city competed with the Polish city of Lodz, which was also part of the Empire at that time). Here, at one of the textile factories, a steam engine first appeared. On April 30th of this 1895 in the city. In Ivanovo-Voznesensk, a solemn prayer service was held on the trading square on the occasion of the agreement between all traders to reduce trading hours on all Sundays and holidays. The city of Ivanovo in 1900. January 17, 1901 - opening of visiting sessions of the Vladimir District Court in the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. In the first decade of the 20th century, weavers and other workers were dissatisfied with their living and working conditions, resulting in frequent strikes by the local proletariat. During the First Russian Revolution, the Ivanovo-Voznesensk City Council of Workers' Deputies was created in the city, which was the first in Russia (hence the name "Motherland of the First Council"). On May 12, 1905, a 72-day general strike of Ivanovo-Voznesensk workers began, which was organized by revolutionaries A. S. Bubnov (Khimik), N. N. Kolotilov (Lapa), N. I. Podvoisky (Mironych), M. V. Frunze (Arseny).
Monument to the fighters of the 1905 revolution on Revolution Square
Memorial "Red Talka"
On June 20, 1918, the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk received high administrative status, becoming the center of the province. In the same year, the first universities appeared in the city. Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze became the first chairman of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk provincial committee of the RCP (b), the provincial executive committee and the provincial economic council. In 1925, an aviation detachment was formed in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, on the basis of the 3rd Rifle Corps. It is from this moment that Ivanovo aviation traces its history. The new military unit was named the 3rd Separate Aviation Detachment named after Ivanovo Workers. Initially, the squadron was equipped with German Junkers 21 aircraft, produced under license in the USSR. It was based at the Yuzhny airfield, on the site of which Tashkentskaya, Lezhnevskaya, Poletnye and 3rd air squad streets are now located. From 1927 to 1934, the air detachment was commanded by the future air marshal Stepan Krasovsky. On November 14, 1929, a decision was made to form the Ivanovo Industrial Region [9] (IPO), which united the pre-revolutionary Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces. The region was inhabited by about 5 million people. In terms of the value of manufactured products, IPO ranked third in the country. 49% of the all-Union production of cotton fabrics and 77% of linen fabrics were concentrated here. There were 65 cities and towns in the region, including such large industrial centers as Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Kostroma, Rybinsk, and Kovrov. After Moscow and Leningrad, Ivanovo-Voznesensk was considered the “third proletarian capital” of the USSR.
Design of the coat of arms of Ivanovo-Voznesensk
Project of the coat of arms of Ivanovo-Voznesensk 1873 Project of the coat of arms of Ivanovo-Voznesensk 1918
The reference book by A.V. Kudin and A.L. Tsekhanovich “Coats of arms of cities and regions of the Russian Empire 1900-1917” shows the coat of arms of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Description: In the upper part is the coat of arms of the Vladimir province, in the lower azure field there is a wheel, a retort, an anchor and bales of gold yarn. However, this coat of arms was not approved, and Ivanovo-Voznesensk continued to remain without the main symbol.
Coat of arms of Ivanov during Soviet times
Approved by the City Executive Committee on May 8, 1970 for the centenary of the regional center. Designed by Leningrad artist Vitaly Petrovich Kubashevsky. Compared to other, new coats of arms of that time, overloaded with typical Soviet symbols - stars, gears, ears of corn, sickles and hammers, the coat of arms looked more modest, laconic and complied with the rules of heraldry. Elements of the 1970 coat of arms formed the basis of the modern coat of arms of the Ivanovo region. Description: On the blue background on the left is a torch - a symbol of the struggle of Ivanovo-Voznesensk workers during the years of the first Russian revolution, a symbol of the city - the Motherland of the First Council; on the right, on the black lines representing the warp threads, is a weaving shuttle, characterizing Ivanovo as a cultural center of the textile industry; below is a white winding line, a symbolic image of the Talka River.
Modern coat of arms
Approved by the Ivanovo City Duma of the first convocation on May 22, 1996. Description: In an azure (blue, blue) field - a young woman in a silver shirt with a gold collar and a scarlet (red) sundress, decorated with gold at the top, with a scarlet kokoshnik, decorated with gold, and a silver scarf on her head, sitting and facing to the right, behind her knees appears a golden comb of a spinning wheel with a silver tow standing behind her, which she holds with her right hand; in front of her stands a spinning wheel, the wheel of which she rotates with her left hand.
Ivanovo Metropolis
Metropolitan Joseph of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Vichuga. By the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church on June 7, 2012, he was appointed head of the newly formed Ivanovo Metropolis. On July 18, 2012, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus' elevated him to the rank of metropolitan. In 2012, the Ivanovo Metropolis was formed within the Ivanovo region, which includes the Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kineshma and Shui dioceses. The metropolis has 185 parishes and 12 monasteries (7 male and 5 female), 244 parish and 85 monastery churches. There are also 25 house churches, 59 chapels, and 11 houses of prayer in the diocese. The metropolis includes 8 educational institutions, including: St. Alekseevskaya Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya Orthodox Theological Seminary, Ivanovo Orthodox Theological Institute of the Holy Apostle John the Theologian, 6 Orthodox secondary schools and gymnasiums. Cathedral of Ivanovo Saints.
Monasteries of the city of Ivanovo
By the decision of the Holy Synod of March 13, 2002, in accordance with the historical name of the diocese, it was named Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya. The diocesan bishop of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese has the title “Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Vichuga”. Pokrovsky Monastery. Ivanovo Holy Vvedensky Convent. — Vvedenskaya Church. Spartak street, 23 Ivanovo Holy Dormition Monastery. — Assumption Cemetery Church (brick). Smirnova Street, 76 (Ioann Alekseevich Orlov - Archpriest of the Assumption Church)
Temples of the city of Ivanovo
— Transfiguration Cathedral. st. Kolotilova, 44 - Church of the Edinoverie Annunciation (not preserved). — Temple of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian. Kokhomskoye Highway, 29 – Temple of the Holy Prophet Elijah. st. Koltsova, 19/1 - Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Burning Bush” at the Ivanovo Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. ave. Stroiteley, 33 - House church of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God in the Orthodox boarding school in honor of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God and the Naval Cadet Corps. Admiral G. Nevelsky. st. Pavlova, 15/26 - Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul cemetery in the town of Balino. st. Selskaya, 1 - Church of the Presentation of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. st. Lezhnevskaya, 118a - Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Sheremetyevsky Ave., 41 – Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Blessed Heaven” in the “Northern” garrison. — Temple of St. Seraphim of Sarov. st. General Khlebnikov, 32 A - Temple in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God. st. General Khlebnikov, 32 A - Church of the Holy Trinity. st. Pochtovaya, 6 - Spasskaya Church, which is located at the Real School - the Cathedral of the All-Merciful Savior (not preserved). — Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of Myra at the regional clinical hospital. st. Lyubimova, 1 - Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Healer” at the 1st city hospital. st. Paris Commune, 5, bldg. No. 1 - Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Inexhaustible Chalice” at the regional drug treatment clinic. st. Kuznetsova, 106/1 - House church of the icon of the Mother of God “Helper in Childbirth” at maternity hospital No. 1. st. Leningradskaya, 3/16 - Home church of the great martyr and healer Panteleimon at the Ivanovo regional psychoneurological boarding school and the Intercession of the Mother of God. st. Blagova, 38 - Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Inexhaustible Chalice” at the Regional Dermatovenerological Dispensary. st. Children's, 2/7 - Temple of the Archangel Michael at the professional lyceum of the Ivanovo State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. st. Professional - Church of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow, at the St. Alexeevsk Ivanovo-Voznesensk Orthodox Theological Seminary. st. Maria Ryabinina, house 29 - Church of the Cathedral of Ivanovo Saints at the St. Alekseevskaya Ivanovo-Voznesensk Orthodox Theological Seminary. st. Maria Ryabinina, building 29 - Temple of the Cathedral of Ivanovo Saints (Student Orthodox Church of All Saints). Posadsky Lane, 8B - Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Addition of Mind” on the street. Kalinina near school No. 1. - Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Burning Bush" at fire station No. 1. Sovetskaya, 26 - Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow." intersection of the street Kuznetsov and Rabfakovskaya - Prayer room - chapel of St. Sergius of Radonezh and the Holy Blessed Prince Demetrius Donskoy. st. Sarmentova, 7 - Parish of the Edinoverie Old Rite Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (wooden cemetery). st. Frunze, 7 - Church of the Holy Martyr John the Warrior (under construction) in Avdotino. st. Revolutionary - Church of St. George the Victorious and the Icon of the Mother of God “Seeking the Lost.” "square of victory".
Chapels
— Chapel of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God. st. 1st Polyanskaya, 30 - Chapel of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. Sheremetyevsky Ave., 11 - Chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God “Hodegetria”. Kokhomskoye Highway, 2 - Chapel-temple in honor of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Revolution Square - Trinity Chapel in the lower bazaar. the beginning of Krasnogvardeyskaya Street is the Kazan Chapel. intersection of Smirnova and Lezhnevskaya streets - Vladimir Chapel in Ikonnikov. corner of 8 March and Kalinina streets. The site of the Civil Engineering Institute is the New Kazan Chapel. corner of Lenin Avenue and Pochtovaya Street, territory of the Main Post Office - Chapel "Bogolyubovsky Column". Postysheva street - Transfiguration Chapel in Rylikha. Suvorov Street - Chapel in Glinishchev. street 3rd line - Chapel in Kuryanov. Old Kuryanovo - Chapel of the Origin of the Honest Trees of the Holy Cross (under construction) at City Hospital No. 2 on the street. Ermaka - Chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God “Unfading Color” at the city hospital No. 8. st. Machine Tool Builders, 4
Monasteries of the Ivanovo region
In 2012, the Shuya diocese, separated from the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, was formed within the administrative boundaries of the Gavrilo-Posad, Ilyinsky, Komsomolsky, Lezhnevsky, Savinsky, Teykovsky, Shuisky and Yuzhsky districts of the Ivanovo region. The diocesan bishop of the Shui diocese has the title “Shuisky and Teikovsky”. Shuya diocese. Spassky Convent. Shuya Trinity Shuya Monastery, Shuya Shuya-All Saints Edinoverie women's monastery. Shuya Resurrection-Fedorov Monastery. Shuisky district, Sergeevo Holy Assumption Convent. Shuisky district, Dunilovo Nikolo-Shartomsky monastery. Shuisky district, Introduction In 2012, the Kineshma diocese, separated from the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, was formed within the administrative boundaries of the Verkhnelandekhovo, Zavolzhsky, Kineshma, Lukhsky, Palekhsky, Pestyakovsky, Puchezhsky, Rodnikovsky and Yuryevetsk districts of the Ivanovo region. The diocesan bishop of the Kineshma diocese has the title “Kineshma and Palekh”. Kineshma diocese. Assumption Convent. Kineshma Makariev Reshem Convent. With. Reshma, Kineshma district St. Nicholas Tikhonov Lukhsky monastery. With. Lukh Nikolsky Monastery. Pischugovskaya men's desert. Komsomolsky district, village. Pischugovo Nikolsky Convent. Lezhnevsky district, village. Lezhnevo Znamensky Convent. Lezhnevsky district, village. Lezhnevo Spaso-Kukotsky Monastery. Gavrilovo-Posadsky district, village. Serbilovo. Pokrovsky nunnery Kukotsky monastery. Gavrilovo-Posadsky district, village. Serbilovo. Monastery of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord. With. Antushkovo, Ilyinsky district, Borkovskaya Trinity-Nikolaevskaya hermitage. Yuzhsky district, Borok Holy Resurrection men's Ermolinsk hermitage. With. Ermolino, Furmanovsky district Zolotnikovskaya Assumption hermitage. Teykovsky district, village of Zolotnikovskaya Pustyn Svyatoezersky Iversky Monastery. village Mugreevsky, Yuzhsky district St. Nicholas Convent. Privolzhsk Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. Plyos
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Economy and industry
But time passed. Now the city of Ivanovo, unlike in previous years, does not shine with its industrial potential. The settlement, like the entire region of which it is the administrative center, is a region living on subsidies. At the moment, many textile giants have simply been liquidated.
Today, offices, shopping centers, warehouses, supermarkets and shops have been built in the premises of former factories and combines. But, despite everything, the city remains the textile capital. It does not bring the former profit and glory, but still on the territory of Ivanovo there are sewing workshops that produce finished products. Travel companies that organize interesting tours make money very actively from textile production. The main target audience is residents of neighboring cities. The point of the trip is that tourists are taken to the center of Ivanovo, where the largest retail outlets are located. These are, for example, “Textile-Profi”, “Rio”, “Textile-Max”. This shopping tour is very popular; people are happy to buy high-quality Ivanovo textiles.
In addition to light industry, heavy industries also function well in the city. They managed to stay afloat after the collapse of the Soviet Union. These include:
- heavy machine tool manufacturing plant;
- machine-building enterprise "Crane";
- "KRANEKS";
- carding machine factory.
Working in the city of Ivanovo in the heavy industry is considered prestigious. This is due to the fact that they pay relatively decent salaries and provide workers with a full social package. The food sector is also well developed in the city. This is an enterprise in Ivanovo, such as a brewery, as well as a dairy factory and a meat processing plant.
First mentions
The documented history of the city of Ivanovo began in 1609, when this settlement was first mentioned in the chronicle written in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. According to this source, a small place was founded by runaway peasants who left their patrimonial monastery villages. In order not to confuse this Ivanovo with other settlements with similar names, it was sometimes called Ivanovo-Kokhomsky (the Kokhma fortress was located nearby).
The first mentions of the village are associated with the Time of Troubles, when Russia suffered from civil war and Polish intervention. Foreign invaders even reached Ivanovo itself. Russia was in a terrible plundered state; the country did not have a strong army that could defeat and drive out the invaders. In 1608–1609 the village was used as a stronghold for the army of Poles, Lithuanians and Cossacks from among the supporters of False Dmitry II. Already in the 20th century, archaeologists discovered within the city the uniforms of that time, made according to Western European models. In 1609 (the year Ivanovo was founded) the village was tiny and remained inconspicuous for some time. But further economic growth made it an important center for textile production.
Demographic situation
Changes have also befallen the demographic situation. Social protection of the population of Ivanovo informs that the number of residents of the city has decreased significantly compared to Soviet times, namely the eighties. Then the number of Ivanovo residents reached half a million, now there are much fewer people. The number of local spruce trees reaches four hundred thousand. This decline was influenced by the difficult nineties. The number of deaths began to prevail over the number of newborns. This trend is still relevant today. Although the reduction is not taking place at such a rapid pace as after the collapse of the USSR, it still persists. The slight population growth is not due to local residents, but to the migration of people from other Russian cities and visitors from neighboring countries. In the city you can often meet Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs, Turkmen and Uzbeks. Many of them are Russian citizens.
The population of Ivanovo is not so young. The average age of an Ivanovo resident is forty-one years. The number of elderly residents is growing, while the number of working-age people is declining. In terms of the level and quality of life, Ivanovo is far from a leader.
Establishment of Bolshevik power
After the abdication of Nicholas II, dual power was established in Ivanovo, which was typical for most of the country. On one side was the Council of Workers' Deputies, and on the other were representatives of the Provisional Government. At first, the influence of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks was great in the city. When re-elections to the local Soviet took place in the summer, the majority of seats in it were taken by the Bolsheviks. They were ready for the news of the October revolution in Petrograd and immediately created a revolutionary headquarters. The Civil War hardly affected these places. Power passed to the Bolsheviks without any bloodshed, and the whites never reached the city.
In 1918, the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province was created. It became the center of the textile industry of Soviet Russia. The Bolsheviks created a new federal subject based on its economic independence and isolation from neighboring provinces. The new status immediately affected the life of the city. Pedagogical and polytechnic institutes were founded there. New schools, medical institutions, museums and libraries began to appear. In the 20s its own water supply system was opened, followed by public transport in the form of buses.
New textile factories attracted workers from neighboring regions to the city. Among them there were many women who worked as seamstresses, etc. Therefore, in Soviet times, Ivanovo received the popular name - “the city of brides.” Local authorities quickly got rid of everything that could resemble the tsarist era. Therefore, in 1932, Ivanovo-Voznesensk was finally renamed Ivanovo. The former toponym bore the imprint of former Orthodox religiosity and irritated the Bolsheviks.
The city's attractions
Many people know that the most interesting tour of Russian cities “Golden Ring” includes the city of Ivanovo. The sights of this settlement are equal to those of Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Vladimir. Most of the city's memorable places are architectural structures and museums.
It is not the new buildings of Ivanovo that attract the eye, but the buildings of the constructivist era. It was in the thirties of the twentieth century that a monument was erected, which the locals call the “house-ship”. The building, consisting of two buildings, is very unusual in design. The project manager was the capital's architect D.F. Friedman. The central position is occupied by a part consisting of five floors. The façade of the figure faces the square.
The design received such an interesting name due to its resemblance to a ship. The right end of the building, due to its oblique lines, resembles the bow. And a row of glass showcases on the ground floor seems to create a feeling of floating above the earth's surface. If you use your imagination, the balconies will resemble decks and bridges. This monument is perhaps the best example of the art of design of the twenties of the last century. The design demonstrates the latest approaches and solutions.
How to get to the city
Ivanovo is located 273 km from the Moscow Ring Road, 130 km from Rostov the Great and 114 km from Vladimir.
By car. From the Moscow Ring Road to the city you need to take the M7 highway. The journey will take 4.5-5 hours.
House-ship
By train. From Yaroslavsky station in Moscow, the train reaches Ivanovo in 7 hours. The railway station is located in the northern part of the city.
By bus. Direct and transit buses to Ivanovo run from the Moscow central bus station, located near the Shchelkovskaya metro station. The journey takes about 6 hours. The bus station is located in the southern part of the city.
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Historical and revolutionary monuments
Historical monuments give the city a special flavor. One of them is the monument to the fighters for the revolution, which is located on Revolution Square. The monument was erected in honor of the picketing workers of the Ivanovo plant. Then, in 1905, the protesters were dispersed with weapons.
The rapidly growing new buildings in Ivanovo could not overshadow people's interest in the city's industrial facilities. This is especially true for the manufactories of the late nineteenth year, because many of them have been preserved in their original form. No one has yet destroyed them, but, however, access to the first textile factories is closed. The most interesting thing is the combination of numerous industries and classical architectural monuments.
The estates of landowners and the houses of wealthy peasants make a huge impression. Most of them belong to the style of classicism in its early version. The mansion of the entrepreneur Dühringer is unusual. The house was built in 1910, and it can most likely be attributed to the Gothic style. It is also noteworthy that in the backyard of many estates there were small workshops or textile mini-factories.
The emergence of the first manufactories in Ivanovo
Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Factory of the Kuvaevskaya Manufactory Partnership. Postcard beginning XIX century
The next century was marked by the appearance of the first manufactories in the village. Ivanovo grew, occupying both sides of the Potok stream (the name is transparent, does not require explanation) and the Kokuy tract. The last toponym will certainly arouse interest among lovers of history, geography and the native language, especially since Moscow was famous for its Kokuy (Kukui). These names are based on the Russian local geographical term kokuy, which most often means a type of hill, a hill.
On Ivanov’s plan, completed in 1774, you can find interesting toponyms. On the one hand, these are familiar rural microtoponyms: Kruglikha bor, Denezhkina Vyti bor (where Denezhki is an anthroponym, and howl is an ancient, now not used word - “a plot of land or mowing”). On the other hand, there are names that can be found in other Russian cities, in particular in Moscow: Razgulyai, Lousy Hill, Red Pond, Kokuy. There are also names on the plan that have a specific historical background, for example, Kuren and Panskaya streets.
Shchudrovskaya tent
The city of Ivanovo has a large number of memorable places. The sights are mainly of an architectural nature. One of the outstanding architectural monuments is the Shchudrovskaya Tent. This object is one of the oldest buildings in the city, the material for which was brick. The building received this name thanks to its owner, who was a major industrial person, merchant Osip Shchudrov. The tent is located near Revolution Square, that is, in the very center of the village.
Initially, all matters related to the management of the village were decided in this building. That is, the tent was an ordered hut. Directories were kept there, in which the names of the peasants and the amount of quitrent from each were indicated. The smallest room was intended for the clerk. He managed the estate of the Cherkassky family. Due to the fact that the side of the building that faces the modern street, Krasnogvardeiskaya, is more decorated, it is believed that this is where the entrance to the tent was located. The windows located on the facade are bordered with carved figured finishes. This architectural monument is unique of its kind; you won’t find anything similar to it.
The building passed to the owner, whose surname the building bears, at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The merchant decided to make a two-story superstructure and converted the building into a production building. But during the restoration work that was carried out in the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century, the structure was returned to its original appearance.
Boyar estate
Even before the start of the Time of Troubles, the places around Kokhma belonged to the influential princes Skopin-Shuisky. In the 16th century, the Intercession Monastery was founded here. It is believed that the famous commander Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky spent his childhood in this region. The history of the city of Ivanovo is a typical example of a peasant town on the periphery of the Russian state. Local residents were engaged in the manufacture and dyeing of flax fabric, from which canvases were made. Agriculture here was poorly developed due to low-fertility soils.
Under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, a census was carried out, information about which was preserved in the sources. Thanks to such documents, the history of the city of Ivanovo is being reproduced today. In the first half of the 17th century there were more than a hundred courtyards here, which is a considerable number for such a remote place.
Church buildings
Among all the architectural monuments, church buildings deserve special attention. Every person who has visited the center of Ivanovo cannot take his eyes off the Vvedensky Convent. It was erected during a difficult period for the country - the collapse of the USSR, that is, in the ninety-first year. Its founder is Archimandrite Ambrose.
An integral part of the monastery is the church. It was built much earlier. The foundation of the memorial site dates back to 1918. The main architect of the project was P. Begen. For a certain period of time, the church was engaged in a completely different type of activity. The State Security Committee located its archive there. The entire building was redone, not a trace remained of the church symbols. The believers went on a hunger strike, they demanded that the building be returned to the Orthodox community. And their efforts were not in vain. The Patriarch of All Rus' heard their call and issued a decree, according to which the Holy Vvedensky Convent was founded.
A distinctive feature of this spiritual center is its active educational and social activities. Nuns are engaged in community service: they visit colonies, help the disabled, the homeless, the sick, and orphans. The monastery has a helpline. Coming to this place, anyone in need will receive support. There are also more ancient church buildings in Ivanovo, for example the Assumption Cemetery Church. However, for unknown reasons, there is not much interest in it.
Soviet regional center
During the first five-year plans, Ivanovo also received the status of the “third proletarian capital” after Moscow and Leningrad. This was due to the large number of factories and enterprises opening. At that time, the Soviet leadership planned to move the administrative center of the RSFSR to some other city, while leaving the capital of the USSR in Moscow. Ivanovo was among the “contenders” for this title, although this project was never implemented.
Nevertheless, it was precisely in the 20–30s. the city experienced its biggest boom. Ivanovo was significantly rebuilt. Soviet architects looked at it as a testing ground for their own experiments. Thanks to this, today in the regional center there are many monuments of early socialist constructivism. Other attractions of the city were the country's largest circus and a unique school for children from foreign communist families (Interdom).
The Bolshevik perestroika of Ivanovo did not spare many temples and churches built during the tsarist era. For example, the Intercession Monastery was destroyed, around which at one time a settlement was formed, which later became a regional center. Its building was demolished and the Drama Theater, opened in 1939, was built in its place.
During the Great Patriotic War, Ivanovo was a typical rear city. A lot of hospitals were opened here for Red Army soldiers and evacuated civilians. They often occupied the premises of schools and other public buildings. In 1942, a base was created at the Ivanovo airfield for the French aviation regiment "Normandie-Niemen". Foreign pilots fought on the side of the Soviet Union against the Axis powers. In Ivanovo they lived in separate dormitories.
