Map of Uzlovaya in detail with streets, houses and districts

Today is a gulbari from the “Sloboda” correspondent Dmitry Zakharyin.

— We will talk about the city of Uzlovaya, which owes its name to the local railway station.

Uzlovaya is my city, it’s the only one! Both you and I love him very much! We have many memorable places in our city. Hurry up and go on the road with me!

Early in the spring morning, Myslo correspondents went to the east of the Tula region to explore the beauty of a town with a population of 53 thousand people, the drive to which turned out to be just under an hour.

I admit honestly that my first meetings with Uzlova date back to the last decade, but then the purpose of the visit was more targeted than historically reference.

Therefore, I devoted the entire 47 minutes of the journey to my destination to drawing up a route that, at the end of the day, would give me an idea of ​​the city where trains have rumbled tirelessly for more than 100 years.

General data and historical facts

• In 1873, construction of the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway began. Khrushchevskaya station appears.
• In 1877, the station was renamed Uzlovaya.
• In 1924, Uzlvaya became the regional center of the Bogoroditsky district of the Tula province.
• In 1926, a small settlement about the station received the status of a working village.
• In 1938, Uzlovaya received city status.
• At the end of June 1941, two fighter battalions were created in Uzlovaya. Residents of the city are working on the construction of defense structures.
• On October 16, 1941, the German army reached the city of Tula.
• On October 12, 1941, the evacuation of Uzlovaya begins.
• On December 14, 1941, the first guards cavalry corps liberated Uzlovaya. After 10 days, the restoration of the city begins.
• From 1942 to 1957 Uzlovaya was the regional center of the Moscow region.
• In 2006, the municipal settlement “Uzlovaya City” was formed.

Uzlovaya and its famous inhabitants

Railway junction

The city of Uzlovaya is a large industrial center located in the heart of the Central Russian Upland, 47 kilometers from Tula. And in the Middle Ages, the current territory of the city of Uzlovaya belonged to the so-called Wild Field, therefore, due to the threat of raids from the steppe, there were no permanent settlements there then.

The territory of the Uzlovsky district was practically deserted until the last quarter of the 18th century, when the possessions of the Bobrinsky counts arose on its territory. During the same period, the Russian naturalist A.T. Bolotov discovered reserves of brown coal in the region.

The emergence of Uzlovaya as a populated area is associated with the construction of the Ryazhsko-Vyazemskaya railway in these places. One of the stations - Khrushchevskaya - was designed as a junction of three directions - to Ryazhsk, Yelets and Tula, so among railway workers it was called “Uzlovaya”. This popular name was officially established in 1877.

One of the initiators of the construction of the Ryazhsky-Vyazma railway was Prince Dmitry Dmitrievich Obolensky - a public figure, professor, friend of the writer L.N. Tolstoy, who served as his prototype for Stiva Oblonsky in the novel Anna Karenina.

A settlement of the same name quickly formed near the Uzlovaya station, which began to grow as freight turnover on the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway increased and its military-strategic purpose increased in connection with the Russian-Japanese and then the First World War.

A new impetus for the further development of the village and station was the opening of coal mines in the vicinity and the construction of the Bobrikovsky (Stalinogorsky) chemical plant.

Today, on Uzlovskaya land there are seventeen large and medium-sized enterprises of various manufacturing industries, producing about 50 types of the most important types of products (mining equipment, synthetic resins and plastics, polymer film, linoleum, clothing, shoes, etc.). And recently, a new Russian-Chinese joint venture was formed - an automobile plant, which further strengthened Uzlova’s authority in the business world.

Famous Uzbek residents

The land of the Uzlovsky district is connected with many wonderful people who strengthened the Fatherland with their work, glorified it in literature and art, and defended it on the battlefields.

Boldyreva Lidiya Sysoevna (10/27/1934, Uzlovaya station - 09/10/1991) - volleyball player, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, two-time world champion, European champion, three-time USSR champion.

Zoya Ivanovna Voskresenskaya (04/28/1907, Uzlovaya station - 01/08/1992, Peredelkino village, Moscow region) - writer, intelligence officer, laureate of the USSR State Prize (11/7/1968). In 1928-1953 he served in foreign intelligence. Retired colonel. Author of books for children and youth.

Gerasimov Mikhail Nikolaevich (11/25/1927 – 11/19/2002, Uzlovaya) – Hero of Socialist Labor (01/3/1974). Turner at the Uzlovsky Machine-Building Plant.

Zavenyagin Abrahamy Pavlovich (04/14/1901, Uzlovaya - 12/31/1956, Moscow) - Russian statesman, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1949, 1954), Lieutenant General of the NKVD - MGB, Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs (1941-1951), Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers of the USSR, construction manager of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works and Norilsk Nickel, one of the founders of the Soviet nuclear project. From the family of a locomotive driver. One of the commanders of the first five-year plans in the USSR. Since February 1943, he led a group of specialists to create an atomic bomb. He was buried in Moscow in the Kremlin wall. Bust of A.P. Zavenyagin is installed in the park named after him in the center of Uzlovaya.

Zalotukha Valery Aleksandrovich (07/3/1954, Shakhty village, Uzlovsky district - 02/09/2015, Moscow) - writer, film playwright, author of scripts for the films “Makarov” and “Muslim”.

Kvasnikov Leonid Romanovich (06/2/1905, Uzlovaya-10/15/1993, Moscow) - scientist, intelligence officer, Hero of Russia (06/15/1996). Scientist in the field of chemistry, later – nuclear physics. Since 1938, he worked in foreign intelligence, head of its scientific and technical department, one of the initiators of the start of foreign intelligence work on nuclear issues.

Kuzmichev Anatoly Petrovich (05/20/1923, Uzlovaya - 06/12/2011, Minsk) - Soviet writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War. His novel “Children Become Adults” is dedicated to the young residents of Uzlova, tenth-graders who survived the horrors of Hitler’s occupation of the city and entered into the fight against the enemy.

Maksimov Vladimir Emelyanovich (present - Mikheev Lev Alekseevich) (11/27/1930, Moscow - 03/26/1995, Paris, France) - writer, public figure, editor-in-chief of the Parisian magazine "Continent". He lived for a long time in Uzlovaya with his grandfather S.A. Mikheeva. Subsequently, he used memories of life with his grandfather in his work. In 1973, as a colleague of A.D. Sakharov was expelled from the country.

Dmitry Aleksandrovich Medvedev (08/21/1918, Uzlovaya - 11/26/1992, Leningrad) - Hero of the Soviet Union (05/15/1946), lieutenant general of aviation. Commanded a fighter aviation regiment. He flew 298 combat missions, personally shot down 14 and as part of a group - 15 enemy aircraft. The Knot school bears his name.

Orekhov Lev Alekseevich (09/17/1932, Tula - 02/18/1995, Uzlovaya) - Soviet and Russian economic figure, Honored Chemist of the Russian Federation (1993), director of the Uzlovsky Chemical Plant in 1965-1995, honorary citizen of the city of Uzlovaya (10/3/2006). He created a large, unique enterprise from a small chemical plant (JSC Plastic). He made a huge contribution to the development of social, housing, and environmental spheres of life in the city of Uzlovaya.

Podshibyakin Vasily Tikhonovich (1.01.1928, village of Nikitskoye, Tul. province - 20.05.1997, Tyumen) - Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize, one of the discoverers of the world's largest gas field, Urengoy.

From 1943 to 1945, he studied to become a machinist at vocational school No. 8 in Uzlovaya, Tula region. After graduating from college, he worked as an assistant driver on the railway.

Sapronov Vladimir Sergeevich (02/15/1939, village of Akimo-Ilyinka, Uzlovsky district - 09/23/2019) - poet, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR since 1976. Winner of literary awards named after. L.N. Tolstoy and them. Yaroslav Smelyakov. His native village of Akimo-Ilyinka became for him the source of his poetry, largely determining the originality of his creativity.

Sevryugin Nikolai Vasilyevich (02/16/1939-03/26/2002, Tula) - the first Tula governor and head of the regional administration in the new Russia (1991-1996), Honored Worker of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, honorary member of the International Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation.

Graduated from Uzlovsk school No. 15 (1956), Ryazan Agricultural Institute (1962). Since 1962, the labor activity of N.V. Sevryugina is connected with the Tula region.

Tregubov Nikolai Mikhailovich (12/6/1919, Uzlovaya village - 07/19/1950, Uzlovaya) - major, military pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (04/13/1944). Participant of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. Squadron commander of a fighter aviation regiment. He made 461 combat missions, personally shot down 13 in air battles and two enemy aircraft in a group.

After the war - test pilot, deputy commander of the first formation cosmonaut corps.

He died in 1950 during flight tests of the MiG-17 aircraft, was buried in a mass grave in the Eternal Flame memorial complex in Uzlovaya, where along with him lie the remains of 364 servicemen of the 239th Infantry Division and the 1st Guards Cavalry Corps of General Belov, who defended and liberated Uzlovaya in November-December 1941.

One of the central streets of the city, Uzlovaya, is named after Tregubov.

Fedunets Ivan Ivanovich (03/15/1914 – 05/31/1972, Uzlovaya) - statesman and economic figure. Hero of Socialist Labor (07/09/1966). Honorary citizen of the city of Uzlovaya (October 3, 2006). From 1950 to 1972 - director of the Uzlovsky Machine-Building Plant, organized and ensured the creation of a new production of lifting and transport equipment and high-performance mining equipment there. The plant was named after him (07/20/1972). Memorial plaques have been unveiled on the plant's management building (1972) and the house where he lived. A football tournament is dedicated to his memory.

Literature:

1. Our land is Tula. Guide. – Tula, 2007.

2. Atlas of the Tula region. Historical economic review. – Tula, 1996.

3. Official website of the city of Uzlovaya, Tula region.

Uzlovaya on the map of Russia: geography, nature and climate

A satellite map of Uzlova shows its location on the Central Russian Upland . Belongs to the Central Federal District. The city is located 235 km from Moscow and 45 km from Tula. The Don River flows along the eastern border of the city .

In the vicinity of Uzlovaya there are many deciduous forests - mainly oak, aspen, and birch. The forests of the Tula region are included in the state forest fund of the country and perform sanitary and health functions.

The climate in Uzlovaya is moderate continental. Winters here are moderately cold with frequent thaws. The average temperature is 10 °C. Summer is warm but rainy. The average temperature in July is +23 °C. There is a meteorological station in the city.

New in blogs

The history of Stalinogorsk is not nearly as well known as the history of Stalino in the Donbass or Stalingrad on the Volga, but this city, like the first two, stood in the way of the Wehrmacht.

The history of Novomoskovsk begins with the village of Bobriki (1765-1930), which in the early 1930s in just a few years became a large industrial city, the capital of the Mosbass territorial region within the Moscow region. This became possible thanks to the construction of a chemical plant for the production of nitrogen fertilizers along with related production and infrastructure.

On December 27, 1933, the city of Stalinogorsk appeared on the map of the USSR, and the chemical plant began to bear the name Stalinogorsk Chemical Plant.

Builders, engineers, workers of various specialties who came from many regions of the USSR with great enthusiasm built the “New Moscow”, “Second Moscow”, as they seriously talked about the birth of a new city.

At a ceremonial meeting with the participation of People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze, an appeal was voiced by the pioneer builders to the leaders of the Party and Government with a request to rename Bobriki Stalinogorsk (in honor of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, I.V. Stalin).

A few days later the request was fulfilled, and on December 27 the city was renamed Stalinogorsk, and the plant began to bear the name Stalinogorsk Chemical Plant. The industrial city began to bear the name Stalinogorsk-2.

Position of the parties

In November 1941, Stalinogorsk became one of the priority targets of Guderian's 2nd Tank Army. Units of the 53rd Army Corps, directly the 112th, 167th Infantry Divisions, 10, 29 Motorized and 3, 4, 18 Tank Divisions were advancing on the city. Initially, 3 divisions attacked Uzlovaya, but then the 167th joined them.

Hermann Hoss, communications chief of the 5th Tank Brigade, 4th Tank Division, 2nd TA, writes:

“It was mid-November 1941, and the headquarters of the 5th Tank Brigade was returned to the 4th Tank Division. A positional war began in the suburbs of Tula.

We and our unit, assigned to assist the LIII Army Corps, also returned to the area of ​​​​the city of Efremov. At that moment, it was planned to encircle from the east through Dedilovo and to Venyov and capture Tula, which was blocking the general offensive.

We stood in Goryachkino (southeast of Shchekino) on the road to Dedilovo. The recently built village was intended for miners and consisted of two-story houses. Our plans were good, but they had little support. On maps dating back to 1918, new railroads and new towns were shown in purple. According to the designations, the planned offensive was to take place in completely new areas.

An abundance of new railways, including on the main section from the Donetsk basin to Moscow. New industrial cities were painted purple: Donskoy, Uzlovaya and Stalinogorsk."

To defend Stalinogorsk, the Supreme Command Headquarters allocated the fresh 239th Infantry Division, commander G. O. Martirosyan, who arrived from Siberia. On October 17, 1941, the division received an order to be transferred to the west.

After five days of preparation, from October 22, the division's personnel and equipment departed by rail. At the beginning of November 1941, the division unloaded in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), where on November 7 it took part in the parade in honor of the 24th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.

The 239th Rifle Division took part during the parade in Kuibyshev on November 7, 1941.

After this, the troops taking part in the parade went to the front.

On November 15, 1941, having not yet completed unloading at Uzlovaya station, the Siberian 239th Infantry Division met the enemy, and by the end of the day on November 17, the entire division had already entered into a fierce battle with the enemy’s 112th and 167th Infantry Divisions in the Ilyinka area, Cheremkhovka, Fedorovka, Polunino, Maryino, Egoryevskoye stations. The complexity of the situation also lay in the fact that the units transferred to the front often did not have time to fully concentrate and were forced to immediately engage in battle.

Gayk Oganesovich Martirosyan, division commander of the 239th recalled:

“We were faced with the task: while defending the border of the Moscow region coal basin, to prevent the enemy from breaking through in the direction of Moscow-Kashira and Ryazan, to tightly close the junction of two fronts (Western and Southwestern), to ensure the formation, concentration and deployment of units of the 10th Army in Ryazan region."

Unloading map of the 239th Infantry Division near Uzlovaya

The unloading was completed on the morning of November 18, when its battles against the 112th Infantry Division began

According to the memoirs of the commander of the German 2nd Panzer Army, G. Guderian, he knew about the approach of the new division:

«On November 17, we received information about the unloading of Siberians at Uzlovaya station, as well as about the unloading of other units in the Ryazan-Kolomna section.”

Heinz Guderian wrote about the division that landed on Uzlovaya and attacked the 112th Infantry Division, he was talking about the 239th Infantry Division

According to the plans of the Headquarters, an operation was developed that was supposed to forestall the attack of 2 TA in the Tula direction

Scheme of the failed joint operation of the 3rd and 50th Polar Fleet armies, the 239,299, 269 and 283 infantry regiments, as well as the 121st brigade, were supposed to take part in it

This was a plan to destroy the enemy’s Bogoroditskaya grouping with the forces of the 3rd Army of the Southwestern Front, which was to be carried out by part of the forces of the 50th Army of the Western Front and the 13th Army in the period November 18-23, 1941.

In the area of ​​Bogoroditsk, units of the German 112th Infantry Division are designated, and in the Volovo area - of the 167th Infantry Division, as of November 15-17, 1941.

A house in the village of Bibikovo, 3 km south of Uzlovaya, where the headquarters of the 239th Infantry Division was located

According to the plan: the 239th with the attached 125th separate tank battalion and the 299th rifle division from the Dedilovo, Uzlovaya area will strike from the north. From the south, the gap at the junction of the Western and Southwestern fronts is plugged by the 269th Infantry Division with the support of the 121st Tank Brigade (they are also assigned two rifle regiments of the 283rd Infantry Division, 9 guns, two armored trains).

However, these plans were not destined to come true, since on November 18, 1941, the German 2nd Tank Army itself launched a large-scale offensive (the second stage of Operation Typhoon) to encircle Moscow.

Units of the 11th Infantry Division of the 53rd Army Corps in the offensive in the Stalinogorsk-Venev direction

On November 18, the 239th SD came into contact with the 112th Infantry Division of the 53rd Army Corps of the Wehrmacht near the Uzlovaya station. For both sides, this was an unpleasant surprise, as it thwarted the Germans’ plans for an operational breakthrough towards Stalinogorsk and thwarted the plans of the Soviet division for a quick attack on the enemy.

The main place of fierce fighting was the Uzlovaya station, located 52 km from Tula and 10 km from Stalinogorsk. The station appeared in 1873 simultaneously with the settlement and was called “Khrushchevskaya”. In 1924, the station became the regional center of the Uzlovsky district of the Bogoroditsky district of the Tula province (since 1937 - in the Tula region).

In 1926, the village at Uzlovaya station was classified as a working village. On September 11, 1938, the working settlement of Uzlovaya was given the status of a city. The station itself was a strategic site.

It connected by railway line Stalinogorsk, Urvanka, Tula, Aleksin, Ozherelye, Efremov, Ryazhsk, Belev and other settlements

On October 12, 1941, the evacuation from Uzlovaya began. On the same day there was the first bombing. The railway bridge and overpass across the Lyubovka River were bombed.

The Lyubovka River basin, the place that began to be bombed on October 12, 1941.

No objects were damaged. The second echelon was sent on October 14. Families of drivers, conductors, department workers, and railway school teachers left with him. The Uzlov trains departed for the Urbakh station in the Saratov region. The final destinations were various stations on the lands of the Kazakh SSR.

The evacuation of railway junction enterprises and railway workers associated with train traffic occurred later. It was allowed only after the removal of equipment from Tula industrial enterprises by trains, which were sent to the rear through Uzlovaya. After receiving the order to evacuate enterprises, railway workers dismantled the main station tracks and removed locomotives, carriages, and turnouts to the rear.

The brutal bombing of Uzlova took place on October 25, 1941. Trains and a hospital were bombed; bombs were dropped on Sovetskaya Square and adjacent streets. The city elevator was destroyed and set on fire by bombing on November 5 and 6.

The front was continuously approaching Uzlovaya. The most difficult situation was for the locomotive crews driving trains on the Uzlovaya - Ozherelye section. It took endurance and skill to avoid bombs and machine gun fire. Thus, the driver F. Skorik and his assistant died. The locomotive driver Mihota was shot from a tank.

The beginning of the battle for Uzlovaya

The 239th division commander G. Martirosyan describes the beginning of the battle as follows:

“On the morning of November 18, 1941, the enemy launched a serious attack with two infantry divisions (112th and 167th) from Bogoroditsk, setting the task of breaking through our defenses from the southwest towards Uzlovaya and Novomoskovsk. The attacks were carried out on the left flank and center.

At dawn on November 18, 1941, the German battle formations were already lined up on the front line of defense of our division, in particular, the 817th Infantry Regiment. The enemy, with the help of artillery, tanks and aviation, sought to capture important strongholds.

However, the obvious numerical superiority of the Germans could not shake the will of our fighters. A system of barrage fire (artillery and mortar) and heavy fire from all types of small arms helped our soldiers destroy enemy personnel. More than a hundred enemy tanks participating in the attack were unable to penetrate our defenses, got stuck and remained in mined fields, in anti-tank trenches, after which they were destroyed.”

German map dated November 18, the 239th Infantry Division is not yet marked on it

According to the memoirs of G. Guderian, it was like this:

«The 112th Infantry Division encountered fresh Siberian troops.

Due to the fact that at the same time the division was attacked by Russian tanks from the Dedilovo direction, its weakened units were not able to withstand this onslaught...

Things reached the point of panic that gripped the front sector to Bogoroditsk. This panic, which arose for the first time since the beginning of the Russian campaign, was a serious warning, indicating that our infantry had exhausted its combat effectiveness and was no longer capable of major efforts.

The situation at the front of the 112th Infantry Division was corrected by the own efforts of the 53rd Army Corps, which turned the 167th Infantry Division to Uzlovaya.»

German tank crews leave Shakhovskoye during the offensive

In the report of the 112th Infantry Division this case was described as follows:

« During the day the enemy significantly strengthened his forces, especially in the area of ​​the railway line.

General situation:

The total number of enemy troops is up to one division, at least 5-6 battalions (presumably one division), which are largely equipped with heavy machine guns, mortars, and light guns (Siberian troops);

Despite all the previous encounters with our artillery fire, the enemy did not change his intentions [literally: “was not impressed”]; The enemy is very good at firing.

Based on the testimony of prisoners of war and our own observations, further unloading [of troops] in Uzlovaya and, more recently, in Donskoy is planned.

The enemy artillery has increased its activity - in particular, heavy artillery in the Lamki area - and is even trying to conduct counter-battery fire against our artillery.

In the area north and east of Yegoryevskoye, there are presumably still units of the red 41st Cavalry Division.

The division, facing a stubborn, combat-ready and well-equipped enemy, itself has weak battalions advanced far forward with deep open flanks; the right flank is covered only by the 120th reconnaissance battalion, on the left wing and flank, and at the same time one regiment is allocated for the defense of communications, which will immediately leave its position in the event of its own offensive. All 3 regiments of the division were attacked [by the enemy], partly with the support of tanks.

The division suffered significant losses; the personnel, mostly without winter clothing, had to lie in the open air in the cold, which negatively affected their combat effectiveness. Due to poor combat readiness, the offensive lacked the necessary pressure.

As was later established from the testimony of prisoners of war, for example, the advance of the 110th Infantry Regiment on November 18 was stopped by Russian forces of reconnaissance detachments [underlined in the text]. The assigned assault guns (at first only two), due to the lack of spikes for the icy ground, were not sufficiently prepared for movement across the terrain.

At about 15:00, in a telephone conversation with the chief of staff of the [53rd Army] Corps, the division commander requested permission to withdraw the division's forces back across the Lyutorich River, since due to changes in enemy forces it was no longer possible to continue his own offensive, and the achieved lines were not sufficiently adapted for defense in the event of a further expected enemy attack.

The chief of staff of the [53rd Army] Corps, as well as the corps commander, rejected this request; the division must remain in its occupied positions at all costs!”

Commander of the 112th Infantry Division, Major General Friedrich Mith

His division lost the battle to the 239th Rifle Division and was forced to ask for help

In fact, Guderian, in order to rectify the situation, had to send the 167th Infantry Division to Uzlovaya. The magazine of the 167th Infantry Division says this:

“...On November 17, in an area about 15 km north-northeast of Bogoroditsk, the 112th Infantry Division came across new enemy forces and the corps command strongly hopes that the 167th Infantry Division will cover its right flank with a quick march.”

The command of the 53rd Army hurried the 167th Infantry Division, since the position of the 112th Infantry Division was becoming increasingly difficult, and units of the 239th Infantry Division were pushing back the Germans. The magazine of the 167th Infantry Division says:

“Over the course of the evening, enemy pressure on the 112th Infantry Division increased. The situation looks so critical that the 167th Infantry Division, despite the fact that today it has already made a long march, and the battles in Nikitsky, after a 3-4 hour respite, must again set out on the march.”

On November 18, the 4th Panzer Division - a division with the forces of the Grolig battle group, after heavy fighting for every house, took the Dedilovo station. Tank formations of the 4th TD received orders to move to the Stalinogorsk area to support the units advancing there.

Georgy Zhukov will write about it this way:

“In the Tula-Moscow operational direction, the enemy went on the offensive on November 18. In the Venev direction, where the 413th and 299th rifle divisions of the 50th Army were defending, the enemy’s 3rd, 4th and 17th tank divisions fell. Having broken through the defenses, this group captured the Bolokhovo-Dedilovo area. To counteract this, we hastily sent the 239th Rifle and 41st Cavalry Divisions to the Uzlovaya area.”

On the evening of November 18, 1941, the 239th Rifle Division was part of the 3rd Army, holding the line - Ilyinka, Gudalovka, Fedorovka and conducting a counteroffensive in the direction of Dedilovo, Kireevka, Lunevka.

The commander of the 239th SD, Gaik Oganesovich Martirosyan (late 40s), commanded a division that had to fight against 6 enemy divisions

There was almost nowhere for them to wait for help at that moment.

Guderian continued to pump up the attacking units with new reinforcements. So the 315th Infantry Regiment, which was the first to arrive in the combat area, was assigned to reinforce the 112th Infantry Division and on November 19, 1941, sent on a march to Pritony, about 7 km north of Bogoroditsk.

At the same time, for the first time during the campaign in Russia, the regiment is moving in the opposite direction - to the west, although also not for the first time by 20 km.

On the night of November 18-19 there was a lull. So on November 19, in front of the front of the 112th Infantry Division, everything was unexpectedly quiet, so that the forces of the 167th Infantry Division no longer needed to be immediately committed to battle, as previously expected.

The magazine of the 167th Infantry Division says this:

“The enemy on the front against the 112th Infantry Division behaves so calmly that during the day the division did not have to engage in battle as expected. Quite independently of this, until late in the evening, units of the division are pulled up to the designated area.”

The 2nd and 3rd battalions of the 315th Infantry Regiment took up positions in Pritony on both sides of the railway line leading to Uzlovaya.

On November 20, 1941, the 53rd Army Corps planned to continue its attack north with the 167th Infantry Division to destroy the enemy in cooperation with the 4th Panzer Division, which was advancing on Uzlovaya from the west.

Scheme of military operations near Uzlovaya, November 15-21

At the same time, the 112th Infantry Division must maintain its previously achieved position. For the attack, the 315th Infantry Regiment returns to the 167th Infantry Division, except for the 2nd Battalion, which still remains with the 112th Infantry Division.

Divisional commander of the 239th Rifle Division Garik Martirosyan writes about it this way:

“On the morning of November 20, 1941, units of the enemy’s 3rd Tank and 167th Infantry Divisions, having regrouped, suddenly struck on the right flank, in the direction of Ilyinka-Dedilovo-Novomoskovsk. They pursued the goal of breaking through the defenses of the 813th Infantry Regiment and taking Uzlovaya and Novomoskovsk.”

All day long, the 813th Infantry Regiment fought heavy and bloody battles against superior enemy forces. Several times it was possible to push the enemy behind the front line. In the end, the Germans managed to push back the first battalion of the 813th Infantry Regiment and, having bypassed the right flank from the neighboring sector, they began to threaten Uzlovaya (the city and the station) and our right flank.”

The magazine of the 112th Infantry Division says this:

“According to the order of the general command, the issuance of orders for the division for November 20 is carried out by telephone in the form of private combat orders.

The division is defending occupied lines and is ready with its left wing to support the offensive of the 167th Infantry Division.

Regiments [divisions] repel attacks as before with the following changes:

The 112th Engineer Battalion (subordinate to the 256th Infantry Regiment) and the 120th Reconnaissance Battalion protect the eastern flank.

The 3rd Battalion, 110th Infantry Regiment must return to the command of the 110th Infantry Regiment because... there is no longer any reason for its subordination to the 256th Infantry Regiment.

The 2nd Battalion, 315th Infantry Regiment returns to command of the 315th Infantry Regiment so that the number of regiments leading the attack north remains unchanged.

The 258th Infantry Regiment advances jointly with the 315th Infantry Regiment as soon as the track guard's hut is reached 2 km northwest of Sergeevsky."

Thus, German forces were approaching Uzlovaya. Not far from the station, units of the 239th Infantry Division were defending. Its commander G.O. Martirosyan writes

“On the morning of November 19, 1941, units of the 3rd Tank and the remnants of the 167th Infantry Division of the enemy, having regrouped, suddenly struck on the right flank, in the direction of Ilyinka-Dedilovo-Novomoskovsk. They pursued the goal of breaking through the defenses of the 813th Infantry Regiment and taking Uzlovaya and Novomoskovsk. All day long, the 813th Infantry Regiment fought heavy and bloody battles against superior enemy forces. Several times it was possible to push the enemy behind the front line.

In the end, the enemy managed to push back the first battalion of the 813th Infantry Regiment and, having bypassed the right flank from the neighboring sector, they began to threaten Uzlovaya (the city and the station) and our right flank.

………………………………

A panic situation developed, the last reserve forces and defensive means were allocated. The 239th Rifle Division, waging stubborn, exhausting battles, being cut off from our troops, in conditions of semi-encirclement, took on attacks from more than 4 enemy divisions.”

In the afternoon, the 239th division commander decided to counter-attack the German positions in order to restore the previous position. To do this, he gathered all the combat-ready units that he could find - 3 squadrons of the 41st Cavalry Division, a battalion of NKVD troops, one rifle battalion and one tank battalion.

German operational map 19 November

Together they rushed to the German positions. A fierce fight ensued. Martirosyan writes:

“On November 19, 1941, in the evening, a counterattack group in the specified composition and with the support of two divisions of a howitzer regiment in the direction of Ilyinka-Dedilovo destroyed two battalions of the 29th motorized division and one battalion of the 167th infantry division and, having thrown enemy units behind the front line, restored the previous position ."

On the morning of November 20, 1941, the Eberbach-Guderian tank group, with the support of aviation and artillery, passed through the operational gap formed on the right and in the direction of Dedilovo-Aleksandrovka-Uzlovaya-Stalinogorsk (Novomoskovsk) rushed to Venev and Kashira, intending to bypass Moscow from the east. At the same time, having bypassed the right flank with units of the 3rd Panzer Division, the Germans finally took Uzlovaya on the night of November 20-21.

The commander of the 2nd Tank Army of the Wehrmacht, Guderian, wrote about the capture of Uzlovaya station

“On November 21, the 53rd Army Corps occupied Uzlovaya”

G. Martirosyan writes:

“On the left flank of our division, the enemy’s mobile group, the 10th and 29th motorized divisions and the 18th tank division, also penetrated through the operational gap that had formed on the left in the general direction of Epifan-Mikhailov-Ryazan and took Mikhailov by the end of the day.”

This all meant only one thing - the imminent encirclement of the 239th Infantry Division, which fought almost alone.

In these exceptionally difficult conditions, when tanks and motorized infantry of the German enemy hung on the flanks of Soviet units and threatened complete encirclement, regimental commanders and commissars, Colonel G. A. Gogolitsin and Major I. Sivak, Colonel G. Solovyov, Lieutenant Colonel A. Melnikov and Major Viktor Kurenkov did not hesitate: they showed courage and, with their bold and decisive actions, stopped the advance of the German troops, putting up worthy resistance in conditions of semi-encirclement.

Units of the 239th constantly attacked so that in the zone of the 112th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht, the results of the battles on November 20 were assessed as defeat:

“The defeat on November 20 can be explained by the following: several times superior fresh enemy forces attacked the protruding front line of defense in Yegoryevsky, and the personnel, not accustomed to retreating, lost their nerve during the retreat, and they went beyond the control of their commanders. In addition, the day before, the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 256th Infantry Regiment was out of action, and on November 20, even more company commanders were out of action.

The defeat could perhaps have been avoided if the forward lines of defense had been promptly withdrawn back to the south of Yegoryevsky and the division's regiments had been placed closer to it. Defeat could definitely have been avoided if, according to the proposal of the division [headquarters] dated November 18, the forward line of defense was moved to the Lyutorichi River gorge.

On November 20, the 256th Infantry Regiment suffered further heavy losses, and by the early morning of November 21, most of the soldiers were again found.

The following heavy equipment was lost: one heavy infantry gun, one light infantry gun, 4 37 mm anti-tank guns, 4 heavy machine guns, a field kitchen, 6 mortars, most of which were later evacuated.

A further breakthrough of the enemy was prevented, however, primarily due to the fact that the enemy did not take any further significant actions until the evening. Perhaps the reason for this could have been the assessment of the offensive of the 167th Infantry Division or the offensive of the [24th] Tank Corps on Uzlovaya.”

Other units of the 24th Tank Corps also fought grueling battles with the 239th. The 4th Panzer Division fought heavily with the continuously counterattacking 239th Infantry Division east, southeast of Uzlovaya. The German positions could not stand it, there was a breakthrough of the “Siberians” into Petrovskoye, and tank battles took place near the Dedilovo station.

Inherited from the 239th and 167th Infantry Divisions, although they acted more successfully. So, during a multi-hour assault and subsequent brutal street fighting, the 339th Infantry Regiment knocked out units of the 239th Infantry Division from Krutoye (now the village of Krutoy Verkh, Uzlovsky District).

They (parts of the 167th) repelled the Soviet counterattack from Fedorovka, but the 315th Infantry Regiment, having suffered significant losses, was unable to develop the offensive further north to Uzlovaya.

G. Martirosyan writes:

“On the morning of November 21, a curious incident occurred: two enemy battalions, along with tanks, attacked Bibikovo for the third time, where our headquarters was located. An extremely tense situation was developing: the entire officer corps of the headquarters and political department, who were already exhausted from previous battles, was already preparing to repel the enemy attack with fire and counterattack.

In such a difficult moment for us, unexpectedly for the enemy, the 3rd battalion of our 817th Infantry Regiment, together with the 125th tank and reconnaissance battalions, launched a counterattack and, having defeated the enemy, threw him in the north.

This unexpected attack was launched and organized by Captain S. G. Manukyan, who, seeing disaster approaching us from his observation post, arrived in time with his reserve forces and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy.

Captain Manukyan was killed in this unequal battle. By sacrificing his own life, he saved the command, headquarters and political department, thereby ensuring uninterrupted leadership.”

On November 25, 1941, the Pravda newspaper wrote about the battles that took place in the area of ​​Uzlovaya station:

“For the seventh day now, heavy and bloody battles have been going on southeast of Tula. The enemy lost more than 70 tanks and 20 heavy guns, and a large number of wounded and killed.

Their losses continue to mount. Despite this, the Nazis continue to attack, not paying attention to the huge losses of their equipment and manpower.

The enemy's main efforts are aimed at taking one of the highways leading from Tula to Novomoskovsk.

Comrade Martirosyan’s troops, with the support of tanks, are delivering fatal blows to the flanks of one of the enemy groups and are fighting in the area of ​​Uzlovaya station...”

But this was all on the 25th, and while there were desperate battles near the Uzlovaya station, the German units that had taken the lead were rapidly moving towards the city of Venev. The 17th TD and 3rd TD broke through there, their departure made the situation a little easier for the 239th.

What followed was the confrontation for Stalinogorsk.

Sights of the city of Uzlovaya

The city has several interesting cultural institutions:

• The Uzlovsky Railway Museum houses artifacts telling about the development of the industry in the region.
• The Uzlovsky Art and Local History Museum houses a rich collection of artists from the 50s to the 90s of the last century. It is the base of a local art school.
• Youth amateur theater. The troupe unites professionals and young amateur artists.

The city has preserved churches from the late 18th - early 19th centuries - the Church of the Archangel Michael, the Trinity Church, St. Nicholas Church and the Church of the Intercession. Some of them hold services on holidays.

Nodal. Natural history aspect

Home / Readers / Nodal. Natural history aspect The Uzlovsky district is located in the east of the Tula region, 40 kilometers from Tula and 180 kilometers from Moscow, on the Central Russian Upland. The total area of ​​the district is 631.25 square meters. km, which is 2.5 percent of the territory of the Tula region. The length of the territory from north to south is 33-35 km, from west to east – 30 km.

The territory of the region is part of the Central Russian Upland, its relief is an undulating plain, the height of which ranges from 220 to 230 meters above sea level. The highest point is located near the village of Prilesye - 225 km. Uzlovaya is the capital of the Uzlovsky district and part of the Tula-Novomoskovsk agglomeration. The Moscow-Voronezh highway of republican importance, the Moscow-Voronezh and Kaluga-Ryazhsk railways, as well as local roads and railways connecting Uzlovaya with other regional centers of the region (Novomoskovsk, Bogoroditsk, Donskoy, Kimovsk) pass through the region , Tula).

The climate of the area is moderate continental with clearly defined seasons. It is characterized by warm but unstable summers, moderately cold winters with stable snow cover, and well-defined but shorter transition periods - spring and autumn. The average temperature in January is -10 degrees, the average temperature in July is +19 degrees; precipitation is about 500 mm per year. The main climatic characteristics and their changes are determined by the influence of general and local factors: solar radiation, atmospheric circulation and underlying surface. The territory of the region is under the influence of air masses of the Atlantic, Arctic basin, as well as masses formed over the territory of Europe. At the end of summer - beginning of autumn, often in the second half of winter and spring, the western type of atmospheric circulation predominates, accompanied by active cyclonic activity, significant precipitation, positive air temperature anomalies in winter and negative summer. The wind regime is characterized by the predominance of flows in the western and southwestern directions throughout the year.

Rivers flow through the area; the largest of them is the Don, its tributaries: Lyutorich, Sukromka, as well as the rivers of the Oka basin - Shivoron, Rassoshka, Lyubovka, etc. 774 hectares are occupied by water. The rivers are home to commercial fish: carp, crucian carp, perch, roach and others. Water resources include ponds: Trestovsky, Sviridovsky and quarries formed on the mined-out territory of open coal deposits. All rivers in the region are classified as small in size and average annual flow. The main source of nutrition is snow cover. A feature of the regime is high spring floods, followed by summer-spring low water, followed by a period of stable winter levels. Part of the area's territory, located in the floodplain of the Don River and its tributaries, is subject to flooding. In the flooded area, there are a number of areas that are completely or partially swamped. The causes of waterlogging are stagnation of surface water in local depressions, as well as shallow groundwater levels. Swamps also occur in certain areas of the bottoms of a number of beams. Most reservoirs and rivers are used by the local population for recreational purposes. The ponds are used for irrigation and fish farming.

The district's water supply is based solely on the use of groundwater. The territory of the Uzlovsky district is located within the Moscow artesian basin. Resources of fresh groundwater suitable for domestic and drinking consumption are limited. Analysis of the current state and prospects for the use of groundwater has shown the presence of a number of problems of geological, technogenic and environmental content. The quality of groundwater is generally satisfactory: the concentration of heavy metals in the waters of Carboniferous and Devonian sediments is within acceptable limits, in particular: boron, zinc, lead, molybdenum, nickel, copper, chromium, mercury, manganese. At the same time, according to chemical analyzes of water from a number of wells, deviations from SanPiN standards were noted in the form of excesses of the maximum permissible concentrations for iron and strontium.

On the territory of the Uzlovsky district there is a wide variety of natural landscapes with high aesthetic contrast. The abundance and diversity of landscape elements create high visual aesthetics of the surrounding nature. The abundance of landscapes and their elements, breadth of view, depth and variety of perspectives, versatility, colorfulness, expressiveness of the relief, spatial diversity of vegetation, etc. - all this creates psychophysiological comfort for the beholder. In the city of Uzlovaya there is a complex natural monument of regional significance - the “Park of Culture and Recreation”, created in 1977, the area of ​​the park is 4 hectares. The park area is beautifully landscaped and equipped for recreation and walking.

By the nature of vegetation, the territory of the region belongs to the forest-steppe zone, which is characterized by small sparse forests and shelter belts. The total area of ​​land occupied by forests in the district is 1176 hectares, which is 2.2% of the total land area of ​​the district. The forests of the district are dominated by deciduous trees (birch, linden, maple, poplar, aspen, oak). Forests have a huge impact on the ecological state of natural complexes, performing such bioecological functions as regulating and filtering water flow, preventing soil erosion, preserving biological diversity, enriching the atmosphere with oxygen and absorbing carbon, influencing climate formation and preventing air pollution. The area is located in a treeless part of the region. The region's territory is dominated by soils containing five to seven percent humus and having a good structure. There are also gray forest soils, which are a sign that there were once forests here. Most of the territory is plowed, a significant part is occupied by meadows.

The Uzlovsky district has a developed mineral resource base, which makes it possible to maintain the industrial potential of the city itself and its surroundings and develop the production of building materials for local needs. In the region, the following have been identified: 1 deposit of construction sands, 1 deposit of refractory and refractory clay, 4 deposits of brick clays and loams, a number of deposits of brown coal. Lignite deposits are concentrated mainly in the northeast of the region. Currently, coal resources are not used. Due to the low use of reserve mine fields since 1985. All types of exploration work were stopped, and since 1990. – and prospecting for coal. In 2000, the last coal mine, Dubovskaya (previously called 3rd Bibikovskaya), closed. At the same time, expanding the use of local coal resources is still relevant, since Tula is a region with a deficit in electricity production. Research conducted in recent years has shown the possibility of virtually waste-free use of brown coal to produce heat, electricity, valuable rare metals (gallium, yttrium, lithium, vanadium, etc.), alumina concentrate for the production of aluminum and high-quality cement. The integrated use of brown coals will significantly improve economic indicators and make their use attractive as the main energy raw material for electricity production. According to geobotanical zoning, the Uzlovsky district belongs to the subzone of broad-leaved (oak-maple-linden) forests. The forest-steppe landscape of the Uzlovsky district determines a wide variety of fauna . Foxes, ferrets, martens, wild boars, and badgers live here. Rodents are ubiquitous: squirrels, brown hare, hamsters, jerboas, field mice. Birds: gray partridge, quail, woodcock, snipe. Ducks: mallard, gray duck, goldeneye, red-headed pochard, teal, teal, coot. All these birds stay with us for the winter.

In 1986, the territory of the city and district, like a number of other territories of the Tula region, suffered serious radioactive contamination as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which resulted in significant overexposure of the population. 30 years have passed since then. Until now, in some areas of the city there is an increased level of gamma radiation background. In recent years, children living in the Uzlovsky district have registered increased fatigue, decreased performance, headaches and joint pain, and deviations in pressure from age norms upward or downward.

Main streets Uzlovaya

The map of Uzlovaya with streets clearly shows the location of the main highways of the city:

• st. Beklemisheva is the main street of the city on which the Central District Hospital and the Uzlov Medical School are located.
• st. Pervomaiskaya begins at the Passportnoy microdistrict and ends at the intersection with the street. Voeikovskaya.
• st. Gagarin is located in the central part of the city. On it stand: Uzlovsky City Court of the Tula Region, the Rus Hotel, the Cascade Heating Company.
• st. Privokzalnaya is the oldest street in the city, located near Zheleznodorozhnikov Park. The Uzlovaya bus station and the railway station building are nearby.

Nodal

(Tula region)

OKATO code:
70244501
Founded:
1873
Urban settlement since:
1926
City since:
1938 City of district subordination (Uzlovsky district, Tula region)
Center:
Uzlovsky district
The city was formerly called:

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
0
Geographic latitude:
53°59′
Geographic longitude:
38°10′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
220 Sunrise and sunset times in the city of Uzlovaya

Economy and industry Uzlovoy

The favorable geographical location and transport routes passing through the city contribute to the economic development of the city. Enterprises in the textile, chemical and food industries operate successfully in Uzlovaya. The production of furniture and building materials operates.

The largest enterprises of Uzlovaya:

• Mechanical Engineering named after. I. I. Feduntsa is engaged in the production of electric cranes, conveyors and complexes for mining mines.
• Chemical produces composites and plastics.
• The Uzlovsky dairy plant produces dairy products under the Lukomorye brand.
• NPO Promet produces office and medical furniture, fire doors and safes.
• "Promet - Special Technologies" is a defense enterprise.

There are 4 medical institutions open in Uzlovaya. There is a regional newspaper “Znamya” and a television cable channel “Cascade”.

Map

Uzlovaya: photo from space (Google Maps) Uzlovaya: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

The city is located 54 km southeast of Tula. Railway node

Territory (sq. km): 33

Information about the city of Uzlovaya on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in 1873 as a railway junction. Khrushchevskaya station. In 1877 it was renamed Uzlovaya. The name reflects the station's position in the railway junction. In 1916, construction of the railway began from Uzlovaya. lines to Venev - Moscow.

District center since 1924. Workers' village of Uzlovaya since February 22, 1926. In 1932-35. Uzlovaya is one of the centers for the construction of the Moscow-Donbass railway.

In 1938, the first mine was founded in Uzlovaya, and the second in 1942.

The city since 1938. Until 1957, part of the Moscow region.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the city was occupied by Nazi troops on November 21, 1941. It was liberated on December 14, 1941 by troops of the Western Front during the Tula operation.

In 1942-58. 15 mines were built in Uzlovaya, and 5 mining settlements arose.

Economy

PA "Crane" (founded in 1946; production of mechanized complexes for coal mining, bridge and container cranes), "Plastik" (since 1959), yeast plant, clothing and shoe factories, food industry enterprises.

Brown coal mining (since 1938).

Main enterprises

COAL MINING

Mine "Dubovskaya" OJSC "Tulaugol"
301650, Tula region, Uzlovsky district, Uzlovaya,
Offers:
coal

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

JSC "Plastic"
301650, Tula region, Uzlovsky district, Uzlovaya, st.
Tulskaya, 1 Offers:
styrene, ABS plastic, polystyrene, phenolic plastics, wallpaper, consumer goods made of plastic

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

OJSC Uzlovsky Machine-Building Plant named after.
I.I. Feduntsa 'Crane'" 301650, Tula region, Uzlovsky district, Uzlovaya, st.
Zavodskaya, 1 Offers:
electric gantry and bridge cranes, complexes and powered supports, conveyors

RADIO INDUSTRY

OJSC "Long-Range Communication Equipment"
301650, Tula region, Uzlovsky district, Uzlovaya, st.
Dubovskaya, 2 Offers:
communication equipment

Culture, science, education

Art Gallery.

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Uzlovsky Art and Local Lore Museum 301600, Tula region, Uzlovsky district, Uzlovaya, st. Beklemishcheva, 48 Phone(s): (48731) 6-34-04