What attractions are there in Sergiev Posad

Sergiev Posad
, a city of regional subordination in Russia, the administrative center of the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region, the center of the Sergiev Posad deanery, the cathedral city of the Sergiev Posad diocese. Located on the southern slope of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, on the Kanchura River and its tributaries, 71 km northeast of Moscow. Railway station on the Moscow-Yaroslavl line. Population 104.6 thousand people (2017).

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Initially - several settlements that arose at the end of the 14th - beginning of the century around the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, founded in the 1340s by St. Sergius of Radonezh.
Thanks to the influx of pilgrims, trade and folk crafts developed here in the 15th-16th centuries, mainly artistic wood carving (Bogorodskaya carving, named after the nearby village of Bogorodskoye, is especially famous) and the manufacture of wooden toys. By the beginning of the 18th century, settlements around the monastery (the village of Klementyevo

and
Kokuevo
;
settlements: Pushkarskaya
,
Streletskaya
,
Ikonnaya
,
Povarskaya
,
Konyushennaya
) merged into a single settlement, which from March 22, 1782, by decree of Catherine II, began to be called
Sergievsky
(or
Sergiev
)
Posad
. as part of the Dmitrov district of the Moscow province. In 1792, the settlement acquired a regular plan. In 1845, a highway was built connecting Sergievsky Posad with Moscow. In 1862, the railway connecting Moscow with Yaroslavl passed through the settlement. Local residents were engaged in trade and serving numerous pilgrims.

In 1919 it received the status of a city and the name Sergiev

, simultaneously becoming the center of the county of the same name.
In 1930 it was renamed Zagorsk
, after the pseudonym Zagorsky of the secretary of the Moscow Committee of the RCP (b) V. M. Lubotsky, who died as a result of a terrorist attack in 1919. In 1969, the city of Zagorsk, the only city in the Moscow region, was included in the Golden Ring of Russia.

On September 23, 1991, the historical name of Sergiev Posad

.

Statistics

• 1856 - 12.1 thousand people, 10 churches, 705 houses, 57 shops
• 1897 - 25 thousand people
• 1931 - 23.7 thousand people
• 1959 - 75.6 thousand people
• 1970 - 92.4 thousand people
• 1989 - 114.7 thousand people
• 2005 - 114.1 thousand people

History of Zagorsk

The city developed around the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, so their stories largely coincide.

In 1337, in a deep forest, the ascetics brothers Stefan and Bartholomew built a cell and a small Trinity Church. Stefan soon left, and Bartholomew became a monk, taking the name Sergius, and spent several years as a hermit. Gradually, monks from nearby areas began to join him. Sergius set a condition for them - to earn a living through their own labor. Crafts began to develop here, including in settlements outside the monastery walls.

Sergius gained wide fame for his righteous life and peacemaking. Many times he had to reconcile the Russian princes. Trinity Monastery gradually turned into the spiritual center of Russian lands. It was here in 1380 that Sergius blessed Dmitry Donskoy before the Battle of Kulikovo.

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After the death of Sergius in 1392, he was buried on the territory of the monastery, and 30 years later he was canonized. Between these two events, in 1408, the wooden Trinity Monastery was burned by the troops of the Golden Horde Khan Edigei.

A few years later, the monastery buildings began to be restored. And over the grave of Sergius the stone Trinity Cathedral was erected. Thanks to the support of the Russian princes, the restored monastery developed rapidly. He owned the surrounding courtyards, arable land, and meadows.

In the middle of the 16th century. Ivan the Terrible ordered the monastery lands to be surrounded by powerful stone walls with towers. In the 17th century The monastery, which turned into a citadel, withstood a months-long Polish-Lithuanian siege. Here, royal figures, including Peter the Great, repeatedly took refuge from opponents and rivals.

In 1744, the monastery received the honorary status of a monastery. In 1782, it, together with the numerous surrounding settlements, became the populated area of ​​Sergiev Posad. The monastery played the role of a city-forming factor. The new status became an impetus for further development and prosperity. It became widely known as a center for the production of toys, in particular the famous matryoshka dolls.

With the establishment of Soviet power, the religious life of the Lavra ceased. A museum was founded there, and the monks were dispersed or repressed. From 1930 to 1991 the city was called Zagorsk in honor of a prominent Bolshevik. At the same time, the city economy continued to develop successfully. Since 1946, as part of a softening of state policy towards religion, monks appeared here again and worship services resumed. But the entire Lavra complex was returned to the church only in post-Soviet times.

In 1988, as part of the celebration of the thousand-year anniversary of the baptism of Kievan Rus, a monument to Sergius of Radonezh was opened in Zagorsk. And three years later the city returned its historical name.

How did Zagorsk get its name?

Today, the founder of the monastery, and of the entire Sergiev Posad, is written in school history textbooks; the role of Sergius of Radonezh in the formation of statehood is regularly reported in the press; his contribution to the unification of Russian lands is often emphasized by politicians. But even 15-20 years ago, if we had gone out into the street and asked passers-by: “Who is Sergius of Radonezh and why is the city named after him?”, few of them would have answered. Just like in Soviet times, few people knew why the city near Moscow was named Zagorsk. And very few could remember that it was named so not because it was spread out on a hilly area (remember Agnia Barto: “From hill to hill in the city of Zagorsk...”), but because... and that’s why, by the way?

See also: Return of Sergius

Even after the revolution, the city was called Sergiev for a long time. Disorder. It was necessary to give the settlement a new name - in the spirit of the times and state ideology. According to local historians, the director of the historical and art museum Zlinchenko, during a party discussion, proposed naming our city Olminsky, in honor of comrade Olminsky, the rector of the communist academy, which had a printing house and library in our city.

They offered another option - the city of Pervogramotny. And it’s close to the mother throne, and, according to legend, illiteracy was overcome in our area faster compared to other district settlements. But this version of the name was not supported by the majority, because, apparently, the legend was not confirmed.

In 1929, the authorities approached the issue with particular zeal. The city urgently needs a Soviet name, instead of “containing a mention of the so-called St. Sergius.”

On May 9, a worker at the then famous Syrnevskaya wool spinning factory (not local - the factory was located in the Ereminskaya volost of the Aleksandrovsky district) proposed to name the city Zagorsk in honor of the revolutionary Zagorsky Nikolai Fedorovich, “who carried out his revolutionary activities both in Sergiev itself and in the Ereminskaya volost.” On March 6, 1930, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the decision, but for some reason Zagorsky turned out to be in the decision... Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Wolf Mikhelevich Lubotsky - this is the real name of Zagorsky, who, according to the long tradition of assimilation of names, was called Vladimir Mikhailovich - had nothing to do with the city. Later they will come up with the idea that Vladimir Zagorsky “was in the city even before the revolution on the affairs of the Bolshevik underground,” but there is no evidence of this. Maybe that’s why his name never took root in the minds of the townspeople.

07/28/1977 Cities in the Moscow region are named after them

...Vladimir Mikhailovich Lubotsky - he took the name Zagorsky later for conspiratorial reasons - lived only 36 years, but his short life contained so many events and glorious deeds: strong friendship with Ya. M. Sverdlov, who studied with Volodya Lubotsky at the Nizhny Novgorod men's gymnasium, friendship , which later grew into the friendship of professional revolutionaries who devoted themselves to the fight for communism; work in the revolutionary underground of Nizhny Novgorod; link to eternal settlement in Siberia; escape from there; communication with V.I. Lenin in the Geneva emigration, and later - already in the Soviet years - in Moscow; struggle on the barricades in 1906, repeated emigration abroad (England, Germany, Switzerland); appointment to the post of secretary of the Embassy of Soviet Russia in Berlin, and from the summer of 1918 until his heroic death in an explosion in Leontyevsky Lane in Moscow on September 25, 1919, he led the Moscow Party organization...

V. M. Zagorsky was buried near the Kremlin wall on Red Square. The Soviet people's love for him is great. After 1919, one of the passages in Moscow was named Zagorsky passage. In 1920, the House of Culture was named after him, in 1930 - the district library on Tkatskaya Street in the Pervomaisky district of Moscow; in the same year, Sergiev Posad, Moscow region, was renamed the city of Zagorsk.

L. Dezhina, director of the Moscow Regional Scientific Library.

From the editor: the published material by L. Dezhina can be used by political informants, agitators, teachers, pioneer leaders, workers of cultural and educational institutions in conversations with the population at their place of residence, in workshops, at production sites with workers, in pioneer camps, labor and recreation camps with children. We should all know well the life and work of V. M. Zagorsky, after whom our city is named.

What was the name of the city

Sergievsky Posad (until 1919)

Sergiev (from 1919 to March 5, 1930)

Zagorsk (from March 5, 1930 to September 23, 1991)

Sergiev Posad (from September 23, 1991 to present)

Holy Trinity Lavra of Sergius and the relics of Sergius of Radonezh

On the territory of the oldest and largest Russian monastery there are more than fifty buildings. The oldest surviving building of the Lavra is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1422–1425. In it, in a silver shrine, the most valuable relic is kept - the relics of Sergius of Radonezh. The horizontal iconostasis of the temple, containing 40 icons, was painted by Andrei Rublev. His famous work “Trinity”, now located in the Tretyakov Gallery, was a decoration of the cathedral before the October Revolution.

In 1476, a stone Spiritual Church was erected on the site of the wooden one. At the base of this skyward building is an open belfry, in the spans of which bells hang. Many times they had the opportunity to notify the brethren and the surrounding population of danger.

Another central building is the Assumption Cathedral, built in 1585 by order of Ivan the Terrible in memory of the capture of Kazan. The model for the beautiful white stone building with a central golden and four blue domes with stars was the cathedral of the same name in the Moscow Kremlin.

At the end of the 17th century. The monastery refectory with the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh was built. Its gilded iconostasis from the same century, installed in the church in 1948, previously belonged to a destroyed Moscow church. In the 17th century The Royal Palaces were built to receive royalty and their high-ranking guests. After some time, the Theological Academy was located here.

In the 18th century The architectural ensemble of the Lavra was complemented by a five-tiered 88-meter bell tower with a chiming clock and 42 bells. The main ones - the largest in Russia, the 72-ton Tsar, Blagovestnik (35.5 tons) and Pervenets (27 tons), were restored at the beginning of this century. The bell tower can be visited by healthy people aged 7 to 60 years. The recommended donation amount for an adult is 200 RUR, for a schoolchild – 100.

Behind the bell tower is the Smolensk Church in the Baroque style. It was built at the expense of the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Count Razumovsky. According to rumors, it was in this church that their secret marriage took place.

Entrance to the territory of the Lavra is free for Russian citizens. On the Lavra website you can book group excursions - sightseeing (1600 RUR), extended (2800) and “One day in the Lavra” (8000 RUR).

The main observation deck, from which the magnificent architectural ensemble of the Lavra can be clearly seen, is located on Pancake Hill. The site was created for the Moscow Olympics in 1980. In 2014, the sculpture “Sergius and the Pigeons” was installed here. According to legend, singing birds flocked to the saint, whose prayers for his disciples were heard.

Museums in Sergiev Posad

Two museums of the city are widely known - the Historical and Art Museum and the Toy Museum.

State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve

The History and Art Museum has been operating since 1920. At first, it displayed the treasures of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, which closed until 1946. Subsequently, the collection was replenished with exhibits from local history museums and the capital's Museum of Folk Crafts.

Now the Historical and Art Museum-Reserve is one of the largest collections of Russian art. It consists of four buildings. The main one is located at 144 Krasnoy Armii Ave. Its exhibition hall displays paintings, graphics and decorative works by Russian artists.

The “Sacristy” building is located directly in the Lavra, in the monastery Sacristy and the Vicar’s chambers. The oldest exhibits date back to the 14th century. On display you can see icons, medieval manuscripts and books, gold and silver items, and artistic embroidery. Many components of the collection are donations from monarchs and noble families.

The Local History Building occupies one of the most famous buildings in the city at Ovrazhny Lane, 9A. It was built in 1937 in a neoclassical style with elements of constructivism. For six decades there was a kindergarten there. Now the Archaeological Department and the Department of History and Culture of the 20th–21st centuries are located here.

The name of the building is “Horse Yard” at the address: st. 1st Shock Army, 2, is associated with the once-extensive stable farm of the Lavra. After the restoration of the building, ancient archaeological finds, household items of the 19th century, peasant costumes and hats, and products of masters of decorative and applied arts were housed here.

A single ticket for all expositions and exhibitions will cost 600 RUR. The cost of an individual ticket for one exposition or exhibition is 100 RUR, with excursion service – 150 RUR, and a family ticket – 250 RUR.

Toy Museum in Zagorsk

The Artistic and Pedagogical Toy Museum was founded in 1918 by collector, artist, and art critic Nikolai Bartram in Moscow. The basis of the exhibition was his collection of toys, as well as portraits of children by Russian and Western European painters of the 18th–19th centuries. Since 1931, the Museum moved to Zagorsk, where it was located in an old mansion opposite the Lavra. The city was not chosen by chance. Matryoshka dolls have been made here for a long time, and wooden toys for children were made by Sergius of Radonezh.

Now the Museum houses 30 thousand different toys. They are divided into sections of Russian folk toys, oriental toys (Japanese dolls predominate), New Year and Christmas toys, Russian and Western European toys of the 19th–20th centuries. The toys of the children of the last Russian emperor are on display, as well as the first matryoshka doll, which turned 110 years old. The famous Mishka, the symbol of the Moscow Olympics, also settled here in his homeland.

There is a puppet theater at the Museum, and children are involved in its performances. You can also take part in master classes on toy making.

Address: Red Army Ave., 123. The museum is open Wednesday – Sunday from 10 am to 5 pm. Ticket prices for adults are 150 RUR, school and student tickets are 80, and children under 7 years old can enter for free.

Cities, like people, have their own face, their own memorable appearance, their own destiny; and just as a person stores in his memory memories of events, deeds and interesting meetings, so cities, developing not only in space, but also in time, reflect and consolidate their history in the cladding of squares and streets, in the appearance of the buildings located on them and ensembles, in bronze monuments and granite monuments. Among such interesting cities that you should definitely get to know is the picturesque and rich in antiquity of the Moscow region Zagorsk.

The city developed around the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, founded in the middle of the 14th century. And then the Russian people had no higher and more important thoughts than searching for ways to liberate their native land from the oppression of cruel enslavers. Therefore, it is clear what warm recognition and wide response the tireless activity of the founder of the monastery Sergius of Radonezh (1314-1392) received among the people to unite the forces of disparate and often warring Russian appanage principalities for a common struggle for independence under the banner of Moscow, which became the feat of his entire long life .

The great Moscow princes, and then the tsars, showed special attention to the Sergius Monastery - they often visited it, provided it with various benefits, endowed it with rich deposits, sent their best craftsmen there to build and decorate buildings, and contributed to the transformation of the monastery into a first-class military fortress. Thanks to such powerful support, as well as the enterprise of the monks themselves, the wealth of the monastery eventually reached colossal proportions: its numerous estates, lands and trades spread throughout the country, thousands of serfs plowed its lands, paid it dues or worked “every product” for it. The Trinity Monastery kept its own chronicle, manuscripts and books were collected here, there were its own schools of icon painting and “book writing”; Many famous writers and scientists of Ancient Rus' lived and worked in the monastery; Andrei Rublev began his creative career here, and his contemporary, the master jeweler Ambrose, cut his miniatures. The sacristy of the monastery received first-class examples of national art as deposits - icons, sewing, jewelry, etc. The famous Syrian traveler Pavel of Aleppo, who visited the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in the middle of the 17th century, saw in the sacristy “things that amaze the mind and surprise "The smart one is greater than the fool."

The ancient buildings and structures of the monastery are of particular value for Russian culture. On its small territory, from century to century, unknown Russian craftsmen worked continuously, replacing wooden buildings with stone ones, dilapidated and outdated - with new, more advanced and grandiose ones.

Full of deeply meaningful beauty and unique picturesqueness, the ensemble of buildings of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery is so perfect in its artistic integrity that it involuntarily seems as if Time itself acted here as its Architect, and people were just performers-masons. And perhaps Pavel of Aleppo, who had seen a lot, did not exaggerate so much when he wrote that “this monastery has no parallel not only in the country of Moscow, but in the whole world.”

Located on the busy road from Moscow to the “Icy Sea”, Troitsky Posad has turned into one of the significant settlements and shopping centers of the Moscow region. At the end of the 18th century it received city status; the intricate grid of its spontaneously formed streets underwent a radical reconstruction. The city planning project with geometrically regular blocks, with an independent administrative and commercial center, with a vast development-free zone around the monastery, as well as the practical implementation of this project are among the best examples of Russian urban planning of the 18th-19th centuries.

Here, in Zagorsk near Moscow, where everything is so imbued with the special spirit of hoary antiquity and the enchanting fabulousness of ancient architecture, you constantly feel some special feeling of grateful admiration for the exceptional skill and inexhaustible creative search of the Russian people, so rich in talents.

Architect V. I. Baldin

What to see in Sergiev Posad in one day

In Sergiev Posad and its surroundings you can see many other interesting places, the most notable of which will be discussed below.

In 2000, on Krasnogorskaya Square near the entrance to the Lavra, a monument to Sergius of Radonezh was erected. The 5-meter-tall monument depicts a saint in monastic robes. In his left hand is a scroll with the rules he compiled for the monastic brethren, and his right hand blesses tourists and pilgrims going to the Lavra.

Not far from the Lavra is the Spaso-Vifansky Monastery, built at the end of the 18th century and operating until 1918. Its two floors had a thematic focus. The second floor was dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Lord, which took place on Mount Tabor. An iconostasis was located on its artificial model. The first floor depicted the Raising of Lazarus in Bethany. Now the former monastery is a courtyard of the Lavra.

In 1954, the impressive House of Culture, designed by the architect Nikolai Metlin, opened in the city. This secular building has become a new landmark of Sergiev Posad. Marble stairs, stucco decorations, and a huge crystal chandelier gave the building a solemn and festive look. Many leading musical and dramatic groups performed in the House of Culture, which later received the name of Gagarin and the status of a federal architectural monument.

In 2014, a reconstructed city fountain with light and music lighting was opened on the square near the House of Culture, which successfully complemented the ensemble.

In the middle of the 19th century. Gethsemane (Chernigov) monastery was founded 3 km from the Lavra. Thousands of Russian pilgrims turned to the elders who settled here for advice and blessings. A copy (list) of the famous icon of the Chernigov (Ilyinskaya) Mother of God was kept in the Cave Church built by the hermits. At the end of the 19th century. The church became the altar of the Chernigov temple built above it. Under the monastery there is another underground temple.

The city of Khotkovo, located 11 km from Posad, is known for the oldest Pokrovsky Monastery in the Moscow region, founded in 1308. Sergius’s parents were buried there, and his elder brother Stefan was tonsured a monk. Since 1544, the initially mixed monastery was subordinated to the Trinity-Sergius, and became exclusively female. Lace makers and gold seamstresses invited by Peter I from Holland taught the nuns their art.

14 km from Sergiev Posad, near the village of Vzglyadnevo, there is the Gremyachiy Klyuch spring. Water falls from a crevice from a height of 25 m. According to legend, the spring began to flow after Sergius’ prayer, and has healing properties. A log chapel-font was built near the crevice. The water temperature is constant all year round and is 6°C.

Religion

The main city-forming element that determined the name of the city was the Trinity Lavra of Sergius, with the fate of which the history of Sergiev Posad is closely connected.

On March 31, 2002, the titular Sergiev Posad Vicariate of the Moscow Diocese was established. Sergiev Posad was also the center of the Sergiev Posad deanery of the Moscow diocese.

Since April 13, 2022, the city of Sergiev Posad has been the center of the independent Sergiev Posad diocese within the Moscow Metropolis [1].

Monasteries

• Trinity-Sergius Lavra
• Spaso-Vifansky

Temples

• Alexander Nevsky at the men's gymnasium
• Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the temple, on Podol, metochion of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
• Ascension of the Lord, in the former Icon Settlement
• Resurrection of the Word, metochion of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
• All Saints
• Elijah the Prophet
• John Climacus
• Mary Magdalene
• Michael the Archangel
• Olga Equal to the Apostles
• Peter and Paul (see Church of the Resurrection)
• Protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary
• Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, on Podil, metochion of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
• Transfiguration of the Lord, Cathedral of the Spaso-Bethans Monastery
• Sergius of Radonezh
• The Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles at the Nikolskoye Cemetery
• Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
• Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Klementievo

Theological educational institutions

• Moscow Theological Academy

How to get from Moscow to Sergiev Posad

Trinity-Sergius Lavra is a complex of existing Orthodox churches. Divine services are held here daily. On October 8 (the day of memory of Sergius) and July 18 (the day of the discovery of his relics) they take place with the participation of the Patriarch. The Lavra is open all year round from 5 am to 9 pm.

The sights of Sergiev Posad are off-season and attract lovers of educational tourism all year round. According to reviews from most travelers who have visited here at different times of the year, the preferred time to visit is winter. The snow-covered Lavra looks like it came down from heaven. In addition, winter in Sergiev Posad is mild and not very cold.

Tourists and pilgrims can travel from Moscow in 1–2 hours in several ways. The most convenient way is by train from Yaroslavsky station. Departing every half hour. The ticket price is 152 RUR and the train is guaranteed to deliver the tourist to the Sergiev Posad railway station in 1.5 hours.

From there to the Lavra is a 15-minute walk along Sergievskaya Street. It leads to an observation deck on Pancake Mountain. Then you should pass the Pyatnitskaya Chapel past the river and go through the tunnel to Krasnogorskaya Square to the gates of the Lavra. An alternative is buses No. 2, 7 and 38 to the “Bely Pond” stop (23 RUR) or minibuses.

Buses No. 388 depart from the VDNKh metro station every 20 minutes. For 145 RUR, they will take tourists along the Yaroslavskoye Highway to the Posad bus station, located next to the railway station, in a maximum of 2 hours.

If you have your own or rented car, you can get to the city in an hour and a half along the M8 Yaroslavskoye Highway. Having passed the Moscow Highway, you should continue driving along Red Army Avenue. On its right side, not far from the Lavra, there are parking lots where you can leave a car for 150 RUR – 200 RUR per day.