Yanaul - the northern gate of Bashkiria

Yanaul - the northern gate of Bashkiria

Yanaul is the northern gate of Bashkiria, the northernmost city of the Republic. Today, the installation of the northern gate, decorated with national ornaments, can be seen at the railway station at the entrance to the city.

City `s history

The city of Yanaul grew out of the village. In 1795, a large settlement with 30 households and 173 inhabitants was formed on this site. These places have long attracted different peoples due to their important strategic location. Three deep rivers flow in these places: Shudek, Bui (a large tributary of the Kama) and Yanaulka. The population of the region has always been multinational; Tartars, Bashkirs, Russians, Udmurts, and Maris now live here.

The first important stage in the history of the city dates back to the 19th century, when Yanaul became a volost center.

The next important stage in the development of Yanaul was the construction of a railway that connected two large industrial centers: Yekaterinburg and Kazan.

Construction took place from 1909 to 1914. Yanaul became a railway station of the same name. During these same years, a station was built here, a temple was opened, and a new round of development appeared in the village, connected with the Gorky Railway. It should be noted that even today the station building is impressive; a modern three-story rear building welcomes city guests.

Alley near Yanaul railway station

During the Civil War, both Reds and Whites arrived here by rail. And in 1919, the station was liberated by the legendary 27th Iron Division under the command of the red commander, hero of the Civil War Voldemar Martinovich Azin.

In honor of him, today the central street in the city is named, on which the rear administration of the city is located, and from which a beautiful park immersed in greenery and, a little further, a modern pedestrian zone lead towards the railway station.

Fountain in Yanaul

But let's return to the history of the city. After the Great Patriotic War, the Yanaul station became a hub, and a depot was opened here.

In the 60s of the twentieth century, the oil and gas industry developed in the Yanaul region. Oil workers come here. The village is growing.

Since 1991, Yanaul has acquired the status of a city of republican subordination.

Square in Yanaul

Yanaul creates the impression of a hospitable city that wants to share its history with city guests. There is a local history museum in Yanaul; on the pedestrian zone near the station there is an open-air exhibition telling about the main stages of the development of the railway station. There is a modern hotel in the city near the station, and there are cafes in the center.

Square in Yanaul

Coordinates: 56°16'14″N 54°55'56″E

Author: Nadezhda Shurenkova Photo: Sergey Suvorov

Read also about Yanaul and its attractions: Attractions of Yanaul: Karmanovskoye Reservoir Bui River - the left tributary of the Kama

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Yanaul

The names of some settlements have very controversial origins. The name of the city Yanaul was no exception. There are perhaps as many versions of the origin of this name as there are specialists studying the history of the city. According to one version, the word “yanaul” comes from “yanay avyl” (in Tatar “new village”). Previously, the name was pronounced as Yanaevo, and even earlier – Yunai. In turn, the word “Yunai” could come from the Tatar or Bashkir clan of Yeney. Despite the fact that Yanaul is a relatively small settlement and few people know it in Russia, this city has a very ancient and rich history. Yanaul arose in the 16th-17th centuries. However, he began his history not from the city, but from a small village. In Russian documents from the 1770s, the village of Yanaul is called Novaya. The local population called their village Yanaul, so the settlement went down in history under this name. The first mention of the village can be found in documentation from 1750. By the end of the 18th century, the village had at least thirty houses, in which about two hundred people lived.

Representatives of various nationalities lived peacefully in Yanaul. Tatars, Bashkirs, Mari, and Udmurts lived here. Belonging to different nationalities did not prevent the village residents from uniting to actively participate in Pugachev’s performances in 1774-1775. In 1795, the village counted 173 souls of both sexes living in 30 households. During the Patriotic War of 1812, peoples fought together against Napoleonic army, defending their common homeland.

Until 1866, the territory on which Yanaul is located belonged to the Urman-Gorey and Uran volosts. Then the boundaries of the volosts were revised. As a result, the Kyzylyar and Yanaul volosts appeared. Yanaul becomes the center of the latter. And there were several such stages in the history of the city.

In the “List of Populated Places of the Ufa Province” for 1870, Yanaul is listed as the village of Yenaulova (Yanaulova) of the Birsky district near the Arkache (Arkash) river. The village had 80 households and 459 residents of both sexes - 235 males and 224 females. Indicated: mosque, school, water mill, forestry. According to the “Complete List of Populated Places of the Ufa Province” for 1896, Yanaul is listed as the village of Yenaul, Baiguzinsky volost, Birsky district. The village had 84 households and 517 residents of both sexes - 264 males and 253 females. The mosque is indicated.

From 1909 to 1914, active construction of the railway took place in the south of Russia. In Bashkiria, a railway line was built connecting Yekaterinburg and Kazan. The road passed just between the villages of Ivanaevo and Yanaul. A station called “Yanaul” was built here. A small station village arose near the station, in which houses for railway workers and a water pumping station were built. The first train passed through the Yanaul station only in 1916. Local residents organized a celebration in honor of such a significant event. The construction of the railway changed the way of life of the residents of the surrounding villages.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Yanaul turned out to be one of the epicenters of the civil war. The railroad attracted hostile forces. During the NEP, construction of warehouses, workshops, cooperatives and residential buildings began near the station. The station village gradually grew and in 1922 received the name Red October. According to 1920 data, there were 11 households of the Russian population, the number of residents was 110 people - 57 men, 53 women. In Yanaul during this period there were 105 households, with 685 residents. In 1938, Yanaul, Ivanaevo and the station village merged into a workers' village, called Yanaul.

Residents of Yanaul took part in the fight against the Nazi invaders. 3 Yanaul residents even received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1964, an Oil Refining Department (NPU) was opened in the village of Krasny Kholm near Yanaul, which moved to Yanaul in 1965. From this moment the history of the modern city began. Thanks to the efforts of the oil workers, Yanaul has been significantly transformed. New houses, cultural, social and domestic facilities were built.

In 1991, Yanaul became a city of republican subordination, home to about thirty thousand people. Local residents call their city the northern gate of Bashkortostan. Yanaul became the birthplace of many famous scientists, military men, doctors, artists and poets.

Geography

The city is located on the Yanaulka and Buya rivers, 218 km from Ufa. Railway station on the Moscow - Yekaterinburg line.

Area: 26 km².

Climate

The climate is temperate continental.
Climate of Yanaul (norm 1981-2010)

Notes

1. ↑ 12
   Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Date accessed: October 17, 2022. Archived October 17, 2022.
2. Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated December 17, 2004 N 126-z “On the borders, status and administrative centers of municipalities in the Republic of Bashkortostan”
3. Dictionary of toponyms of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Ufa: Kitap, 2002. - 256 p. - P.240.
4. Matveev A.K.
   Geographical names of the Urals: Toponymic dictionary. - Ekaterinburg: Publishing House "Sokrat", 2008. - 352 pp. - P. 337.
5. ↑ 123
   Yanaul and Yanaul district. History without bias
6. History of the district / Municipal district Yanaulsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan
7. FSBI "VNIIGMI-MCD".
8. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
   People's encyclopedia “My City”.
   Yanaul (undefined)
   . Retrieved October 9, 2013. Archived October 9, 2013.
9. All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
10. All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
11. All-Union Population Census of 1979 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
12. All-Union population census of 1989. Urban population (undefined)
    . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
13. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (unspecified)
    . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
14. 1.5. Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan by municipalities as of January 1, 2009
15. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 (unspecified)
    . Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
16. All-Russian population census 2010. Population by settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan (unspecified)
    . Retrieved August 20, 2014. Archived August 20, 2014.
17. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 (unspecified)
    . Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
18. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) (undefined)
    . Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
19. Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (unspecified)
    . Access date: August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
20. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (unspecified)
    . Access date: August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
21. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016 (Russian) (October 5, 2018). Retrieved May 15, 2022. Archived May 8, 2022.
22. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian) (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2022. Archived July 31, 2022.
23. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2022.
24. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 31, 2019. Archived May 2, 2022.
25. taking into account the cities of Crimea
26. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022. Table “21. Population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2022” (unspecified)
    (RAR archive (1.0 MB)).
    Federal State Statistics Service
    .
27. Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census for the Republic of Bashkortostan Archived on March 9, 2013.

Economy

Industry

• Yanaul city printing house;
• LLC "Yanaul Dairy Plant";
• NGDU "Arlanneft";
• LLC "Yanaul Elevator";
• Avangard Nefteservis LLC.

Banks

• Yanaul branch of Sberbank of Russia (No. 4607);
• Branch of Uralsib Bank;
• Sovcombank branch
• Branch of Rosselkhozbank;
• Branch of the bank "PromTransBank".

Utility services

• Yanaulvodokanal;
• Vodokanalstroyservis;
• Yanaul electrical networks;
• Gorsvet;
• Yanaulteploenergo;
• Department of Housing and Communal Services;
• Enterprise for road landscaping works;

Population

As of January 1, 2022, in terms of population, the city was in 569th place out of 1115[25]cities of the Russian Federation[26].

National composition

According to the All-Russian Population Census of 2010: Bashkirs - 39.4%, Tatars - 29.9%, Russians - 16.5%, Udmurts - 9%, Maris - 3.9%, people of other nationalities - 1.3% [27 ].

Administrative and municipal status

Within the structure of administrative units, Yanaul serves as the administrative center of Yanaul District,[4] although it is not part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is registered separately as the city of republican significance of Yanaul

- an administrative unit with a status equal to that of a district.[1]
As a municipal entity, the city of republican significance Yanaul is part of the Yanaul municipal district as the Yanaul urban settlement
.[5]