TROITSK • Great Russian Encyclopedia

Troitsk is located 18 kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road along the Kaluga Highway. This distance to Moscow can be covered by personal transport or by bus (minibus) going to the Teply Stan metro station; there is no railway in Troitsk.

The city itself has an interesting history. In 1627, the chronicle mentions Trinity Heath, which became a village 20 years later thanks to the construction of the Trinity Church. The village residents were engaged in weaving; it is not surprising that a woolen factory was founded here, which became one of the most advanced in Russia at that time.

History of Troitsk

Troitsk was founded on June 19, 1743 by the governor of the Orenburg region I.I. Neplyuev as a fortress on the Uysk border line to protect the lands from raids by nomads. The name was given after the church holiday Trinity. It so happened that I.I. Neplyuev stopped at this place on Trinity Sunday.

The main caravan route from Asia to Europe passed through Troitsk. Opposite the fortress on the right bank of the Uy River, an exchange yard was built, which existed until 1915, as well as a border customs office.

During the Peasant War, in May 1774, the fortress fell as a result of an assault by the troops of Emelyan Pugachev. However, the very next day the fortress was liberated by state troops. There were some bloodsheds here during the Civil War.

In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, Troitsk received city status. It is known that at the end of the 19th century, 14 thousand inhabitants lived in the city, there were 1,446 residential buildings (of which 55 were made of stone), 253 trading shops and 34 enterprises operated: tanneries, flour mills, lard making, brewing, soap making, candle making, glue making and others. There were 8 Orthodox churches, 4 mosques and a synagogue in Troitsk. From 1750, from May to October, the city hosted a fair, which gradually became one of the largest in the country. In 1842, a terrible fire broke out in Troitsk. The fire destroyed about 300 houses. Gradually, the fire victims rebuilt.

The city was rich. As a legacy from bygone times, treasures are found from time to time in old houses. Thus, one of the recent treasures was found in a house on Letyagina Street during renovation in the fall of 2022. Under one of the boards in the floor lay a large sum of money and furs, wrapped in newspaper. And in 2013, also while renovating a house, another local resident found a glass bottle with paper money from 1909 in a pipe. Even earlier, in a mosque on Lenin Street, under the stairs, a bundle with royal money was found, there were more than 22 thousand rubles.

Interesting, even older finds were also made near Troitsk. Thus, in the Historical Museum of the Southern Urals in Chelyabinsk you can see a stone sacrificial bowl in the form of a ram’s head. And back in the 19th century, a copper Buddhist idol with silver inlays on the front side, found near Troitsk during the mining of gold-bearing sands around 1854, was transferred to the UOLE Museum (now the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore).

The 19th century was the heyday of Trinity. It turned into a trade and cultural center of the Southern Urals. There were also schools, colleges, madrassas, and a library. On July 21, 1891, Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich (future Emperor Nicholas II) visited Troitsk. He stopped to rest in the house of the merchant G.F. Zarubina (Klimova St., 16), which has survived to this day.

Nowadays, the city-forming enterprise is the Troitskaya State District Power Plant, the construction of which began in 1954. There is also an electromechanical plant and a mineral plate plant. The population of Troitsk is currently 75 thousand people.

According to local historians, it was in Troitsk (and not in Moscow) that the famous fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born. Documents about Krylov’s birth have not been preserved, but it is known that Krylov’s father, Lieutenant Andrei Prokhorovich, lived with his wife in Troitsk from 1765 to 1769. It’s paradoxical, but in the city there is neither a street named after Krylov, nor a monument, nor a memorial plaque.

Troitsk is the birthplace of the famous lawyer Fyodor Plevako, Soviet poet Boris Ruchev, and film director Vera Storozheva. The Bashkir poet and writer Mazhit Gafuri, the Tatar poet and public figure Gabdulla Tukai, the founder of meteorology in the USSR and researcher of the Tunguska meteorite Leonid Kulik lived in Troitsk for some time.

Recreation area "Zarechye"

Photo: Maria Vashchuk

In the northern part of Troitsk, in the bend of the Desna River, there is a spectacular and lively recreation area “Zarechye”. They improved it in 2014: they laid out pedestrian paths and bicycle paths, installed benches, gazebos and exercise grounds, and built bridges (one of them is even called “Crimean” - it’s so similar to the one in Moscow). The boat station is especially popular: in the warm season, walks along the Desna River are especially romantic. Children, finding themselves in “Zarechye”, rush headlong to the mini-zoo with geese and rabbits, and noisy groups - to barbecue (

Sights of Troitsk

There are more than 70 historical and cultural monuments in Troitsk, 5 of them are of federal significance. No wonder Troitsk is called an open-air museum.

The first iconic landmark of the city that you encounter upon entering it is the water tower . It stands at the beginning of Gagarin Street at the entrance to the central part of the city. It was built already in Soviet times - in 1927. The tower was erected in the style of early postmodernism according to the design of the architect V. Sanzharevsky. It has an openwork octagonal design in the Gothic style. It is an architectural monument.

On the same street there is the Church of Dmitry Solunsky (Gagarin St., 7a). It was built in 1873, and in 1889 a stone bell tower was added. Built in a classical style with baroque elements. During Soviet times it was closed, but already in 1947 it was returned to believers. Researcher V.I. Yurin writes that under the church (in the basement under the ceiling) there is an underground passage-air duct of a rectangular shape. It served to heat the building.

But what is more interesting here is not so much the church as the square in front of it. In the center of the square there is a monument to the founder of the city, Ivan Ivanovich Neplyuev (1693-1773). It appeared in 2001, created according to the design of sculptor Vladimir Zharikov.

Also in the park there are steles dedicated to the First Builders of Trinity, the Trinity Fair and the holiday of the Trinity .

Nearby is the Kazan-Bogoroditsky convent with the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior from the mid-19th century, and on the other side is the park of culture and recreation named after. Tomina .

Then you can get to the Holy Trinity (Uysky) Cathedral (Krasnogvardeyskaya St., 1). In the past, this is where the Trinity Fortress stood, from which the city began. This church is the first stone building of Trinity. It was founded in 1754 with the participation of Governor General I.I. Neplyueva. Construction was completed in 1761. Subsequently, the church suffered from attacks by the Pugachevites and fires; it was rebuilt several times. In Soviet times, in different years there was a raw leather warehouse, a construction office, a dormitory, a laundry, a boiler room, and a gym located here. Now the church is active. In 2001, on the glass of the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, believers noticed a print with the image of the saint, which they took for a miracle. This icon can be seen here today. The building has the status of a cultural heritage site of federal significance.

In the park near the Holy Trinity Cathedral, a memorial stone in honor of the founding of the Trinity Fortress. Nearby, in November 2022, representatives of the Armenian diaspora erected a khachkar cross , reminiscent of the Armenian genocide. Interestingly, it is made by hand from tuff mined in the vicinity of the Ararat Valley. There is a bridge across the Uy River nearby.

On the street Klimova, 5a, the buildings of the Trading Rows . They were built in 1866-68 on the central square of the city at the expense of merchants Yaushev, Pupyshev, Osipov, Bakirov, Zarubin and others. They included a façade and two wings on the south side of the main city square. During Soviet times, the premises were used as warehouses. Nowadays, part of the building was transferred to the Trinity branch of Chelyabinsk State University (CSU). The shopping arcades have the status of a cultural heritage site of federal significance.

Nearby, in old buildings of the 19th century, the Trinity branch of ChelSU is located (Oktyabrskaya St., 79). In the past, shops and warehouses were located on the ground floor, and the second floor was rented by the city council. In summer there are fountains nearby.

A monument to the famous lawyer F.N. was erected nearby in 2013. Plevako - a native of Troitsk.

There is also a monument to V.I. Lenin , opened on November 7, 1924. Before the revolution, a bust of Emperor Alexander II stood on this marble pedestal.

In the past, Central Square was called Mikhailovskaya - St. Michael's Cathedral stood on it, demolished in 1967. On the Central Square there is the city administration building (Klimova St., 7). The house, built in 1873, was previously occupied by a fire station.

In 1892-94, the building was rebuilt and transferred to the District Court. Lawyer Fyodor Plevako also spoke here a couple of times. The memorial plaque reminds us of this.

And across the road, in the former building of the Siberian Bank 1893-1903. buildings, houses the Trinity Museum of Local Lore (Lenin St., 70, tel. (35163) 2-12-52). Here you can get acquainted with the history of the city.

Also famous among the museums of Troitsk is the Anatomical Museum, located on the territory of the Ural State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Gagarina St., 13). It has 2 thousand natural preparations. Here you can see stuffed animals, skeletons of rare animals, archaeological finds, preparations of animal and human organs. It is sometimes called one of the best anatomical museums in the country.

But let's return to Central Square. Across the street from the museum and from the city administration is the building of the Main Post Office (Lenin St., 69). The post office is located in the former mansion of the merchant Osipov, which was later transferred to the customs department. When the Troitsk customs house was abolished in 1868, the city government moved here.

Behind the city administration building is the most beautiful building in Troitsk - the Bashkirov Hotel (Klimova St., 9). The building was built in Art Nouveau style in 1908 by merchant Gavriil Alekseevich Bashkirov. It is decorated with a colonnade, rich stucco and multi-colored stained glass windows. The building was restored in 2011. It is an architectural monument of federal significance.

According to legend, while at the Nizhny Novgorod fair and heavily drunk, Bashkirov made a bet with three local merchants who did not believe him that in Troitsk there was a magnificent stock exchange hotel with a first-class restaurant. In fact, at that time Troitsk had only inns and furnished rooms. But a bet is a bet, and once he gave his word, Bashkirov invested a significant part of his fortune in the construction of a luxury hotel. Just a year later, at the opening of the next Trinity fair, a building in the Russian Art Nouveau style designed by the architect Fedorov appeared before the amazed merchants. According to another legend, at least a kilogram of silver and gold coins was laid under the foundation of the building.

Surprisingly, only the main facade of the building looks beautiful. From the end there is an ordinary brick plane.

On the street Brothers Malyshev, 32 there is another beautiful building - Yaushev Passage . It was built by order of the Yakushev merchants in 1911. In pre-revolutionary Russia, large, expensive stores were called passages. Like the Bashkirov Hotel, this building was built by the architect Fedorov. Since the area here was swampy, larch piles and a lead cushion were used for the foundation. A drainage system was also used. The passage was equipped with telephone communication, an elevator and electric lighting. Alas, this building is not in use and is gradually being destroyed. Nearby there is a memory square with the Oath memorial.

Also in Troitsk, an ordinary-looking wooden house in which L.A. Kulik (Volodarsky St., 26).

To be fair, it is worth noting that not everything in Troitsk is ideal. There are many abandoned, dilapidated beautiful mansions, and garbage is often found on the streets.

Square near the registry office

Photo: Maria Vashchuk

Between Sirenevy Boulevard and Solnechnaya and Central streets there is another green “oasis”. From 2013 to 2016, this square was put in order: they made pockets for benches, installed lighting, repaired platforms and installed gazebos, and also stretched out a branching network of asphalt paths and paths. There is plenty to roam here: the area of this square alone is two and a half hectares (while the entire forest park occupies an area of almost five hectares!). The place is calm and secluded, with dense thickets of pine and birch trees. However, there is also something for active residents: the park has exercise grounds, as well as a basketball field and a hockey rink.

St. Central, 28, Troitsk, Moscow

View on map

How to get to Troitsk?

The city of Troitsk is located in the Chelyabinsk region, 125 km south of Chelyabinsk. You can get to it along the Trinity Highway from Chelyabinsk.

The Chelyabinsk-Orsk railway passes through the city. By public transport you can get here by bus from Yekaterinburg or Chelyabinsk, or by train from Chelyabinsk.

Pavel Raspopov

Sources: Andreev Alexey. Guide to the most remarkable places of TroitskWikipedia Specially protected natural areas of the Chelyabinsk region Rundkvist N.A., Zadorina O.V. Ural: Illustrated encyclopedia of local history. - Yekaterinburg, 2013. The frontal place of history // Chelyabinsk worker, 10.22.1998. Yurin V.I. Caves of the Chelyabinsk region: history of discoveries and research results. 2011-2020. – Chelyabinsk, 2022.

Troitskoe Estate Park

Photo: Maria Vashchuk

It is also called Fabrichny - in honor of the nearby Trinity Worsted Factory (

Temple of Alexander Nevsky

In the second half of the 19th century, on Trinity Zarechnaya Sloboda, people built a church in honor of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky. Construction dates back to 1884-1889 from foundation to consecration.

Temple of Alexander Nevsky

Like most other churches, this church was closed by the Soviet authorities. But not destroyed. The date of its revival coincides with the date of the fall of the USSR - 1991.

Address: Shosseynaya street.

Shopping arcade of the Yaushev brothers

Representatives of the Yaushev merchant family owned trading houses in many cities of the country. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, their business empire began to operate in Troitsk.

Despite the fact that they got the site for the construction of the passage on a wetland, by 1911 a magnificent building designed by Arkady Fedorov had risen on it. Its architecture organically combines three styles: neoclassicism, renaissance and baroque. At the time of its appearance, this building was very progressive and technologically advanced in terms of technical solutions and equipment. For its construction, a special drainage system was used. And the foundation was mounted on larch piles and a lead cushion.

Shopping arcade of the Yaushev brothers

The passage was initially full of all the technical innovations of that time: telephone communications, elevators, electric lighting. In the regional center of Chelyabinsk there is a “sibling” of the Trinity Passage, which is occupied by the Chelyabinsk Museum of Art.

Address: st. named after the Malyshev Brothers, 32.

Kazan-Bogoroditsky convent with the Church of the Transfiguration

The Kazan-Bogoroditsky convent was founded in 1851, but was closed during the years of atheism (in the 1920s). One of the monastery churches - Kazan - was dismantled into bricks. The Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (built in 1870) has been preserved. He is active.

Of the pre-revolutionary buildings of the monastery, the building of the Nikolaev school for girls, built in 1896, as well as the building of the hotel for pilgrims, have also survived to this day.

Kazan-Bogoroditsky convent with the Church of the Transfiguration

The Holy Kazan Convent was revived in the 1990s, through the efforts of Mother Ksenia Kadomtseva. The monastery is open for visits and excursions every day.

Address: st. Gagarina, 1/10.

Dialogue that didn't exist

“There were, of course, public hearings,” recalls Alexander Litoy. - This is complete trash and waste. Because the halls were, as luck would have it, the smallest and filled to capacity with unfortunate state employees, housing office workers and veterans of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is impossible to get in from the outside. I settled in with some gloomy veterans of something powerful and walked with them. But there were an obvious minority of “living” people there.

Water tower

The first iconic landmark of the city, which is found right at the entrance to its central part, is the water tower, built in the style of early postmodernism.

Water tower

It seems that this octagonal structure in the Gothic style was erected somewhere in the Middle Ages. However, it was built in Soviet times - in 1927, according to the design of the architect V. Sanzharevsky. The tower is deservedly recognized as an architectural monument.

Address: st. Gagarin.

Shopping arcades and a complex of ancient buildings of the local branch of ChelSU

On Klimov Street the buildings of the ancient Trading Rows have been preserved. They were built in the 19th century, and in Soviet times were used as warehouses. Nowadays, part of the building was transferred to the Trinity branch of Chelyabinsk State University (CSU). The shopping arcades have the status of a cultural heritage site of federal significance.

Complex of ancient buildings of the local branch of ChelSU

Nearby, in old buildings, also built in the 19th century, the Trinity Branch of ChelSU is located (Oktyabrskaya St., 79). In the summer, beautiful fountains operate next to them.

Anatomical Museum

Far beyond the city of Troitsk, the Anatomical Museum is known, which is located on the territory of the Ural State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, on Gagarin Street, 13. It has two thousand natural exhibits.

At its exhibitions you can see stuffed animals and skeletons of rare animals, archaeological finds, and individual dissected organs of animals and humans. Thanks to its rich collection, this institution is rightfully considered one of the best anatomical museums in our country.

Address: st. Gagarina, 13.

Church of Elijah the Prophet

This Orthodox church with its characteristic rounded dome is the only example of neo-Byzantine style architecture in the city of Troitsk. The Church of Elijah the Prophet was built in 1895 and operated at the local prison. The sponsor of the construction, the merchant Kormiltsev, wanted the prisoners to have the opportunity to fully perform all religious rituals and celebrate Orthodox holidays.

Church of Elijah the Prophet

Both the prison church and the prison itself were closed with the establishment of Soviet power. At the same time, the prison was dismantled for building materials, but the Church of Elijah the Prophet was left. In 1998, its restoration began, and in the early 2000s the temple became operational again.

Address: st. Denisova, 3b.