What was Yekaterinburg called before: the ancient name of the city and its history

We bring to your attention a comprehensive overview post about the districts of Yekaterinburg. We have analyzed all the noteworthy sources and sorted out useful information. Official documents, answers to frequently asked questions, extracts from TravelAsk reviews - only verified information.

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Temple "Big Chrysostom" in the center of Yekaterinburg

Districts of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg is known for its skyscrapers and dense urban development. Until recently, it was the most compact million-plus city in Russia.

Yekaterinburg is divided into seven districts:

• Chkalovsky;
• Verkh-Isetsky;
• October;
• Railway;
• Ordzhonikidzevsky;
• Kirovsky;
• Leninist.

The city includes the urban part of Yekaterinburg itself, 16 towns and two villages. Each city district has its own head of administration.

Division of Yekaterinburg into districts

THIS IS INTERESTING. In 1919 there were five districts. Over the past century, their name and territorial boundaries have changed fourteen times. The latest territorial changes occurred at the end of 2022. The local government confirmed the creation of the eighth municipality of the city - Academichesky.

Map

Yekaterinburg: photo from space (Google Maps) Yekaterinburg: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals along the banks of the river. Iset (tributary of the Tobol), 1667 km east of Moscow.

The climate is continental. The average temperature in January is -18, in July +19. Precipitation is 500 mm per year.

Large transport hub. Latitudinal and meridional railways and roads converge in Yekaterinburg. Metropolitan.

Yekaterinburg is a large industrial center of Russia, the scientific and cultural center of the Urals.

Territory (sq. km): 1143

Information about the city of Yekaterinburg on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

The city was founded in 1721 by V.N. Tatishchev as a mining, cultural and trade center of the Urals.

The official founding date is November 7 (18), 1723, when the first stage of the State Metallurgical Plant on the river came into operation. Iset and widespread urban construction began. The Isetsky plant and the fortress attached to it were soon named Yekaterinburg in honor of the wife of Emperor Peter I, Ekaterina Alekseevna (1684-1727).

The Ural Mining Administration and the Mining School were located in Yekaterinburg. Near the city, the Verkh-Isetsky and Verkhneuktussky (Elizavetinsky) metallurgical plants were built, which later merged with Yekaterinburg.

In 1735, a mint was established where copper coins were minted. In the 18th century In Yekaterinburg, a stone processing industry arose (in 1751 a lapidary factory was built to produce vases, boxes and other products from malachite and porphyry). In 1763, the Siberian Highway was built from Moscow through Yekaterinburg to Siberia.

Since 1781, Yekaterinburg has been the center of the Yekaterinburg region of the Perm governorate, since 1796 it has been a district city of the Perm province.

Yekaterinburg played a big role in the creation of the gold mining industry in Russia. Gold ores mined in the surrounding mines were smelted here.

Since the 1840s Yekaterinburg became a center of metalworking, and from the end of the 19th century. - an important railway center of the Urals (in 1878 it was connected by railway with Perm).

The first printing house opened in the city in 1803, and a hospital in 1832. The Mining Museum was founded in 1834, and the observatory in 1836. A professional theater began operating in 1843. In 1869, the Ural Society of Natural Sciences was founded.

In 1856, in the mining district city of Yekaterinburg, Perm province, there were 9 churches, 2925 houses, 316 shops.

On October 26 (November 8), 1917, Soviet power was established in the city. On the night of July 17-18, 1918, the former Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were shot in Yekaterinburg. On July 25, 1918, the city was captured by the Czechoslovaks during the mutiny of the Czechoslovak Corps. Released as a result of the Yekaterinburg operation in July 1919.

By the beginning of the 20th century. Yekaterinburg is one of the largest district cities in the European part of Russia. Since 1919 the center of the Yekaterinburg province, since 1923 - the Ural region. In 1924-91. was called Sverdlovsk (after the name of the Soviet party and statesman Y.M. Sverdlov (1885-1919)). Since 1934 the center of the Sverdlovsk region.

Since the 1930s Large factories were built in the city, mainly machine-building and metalworking.

The city included the villages of Nizhne-Isetsky (PGT from 08/27/1928, 3.4 thousand inhabitants, 1931), Uktus (PGT from 08/27/1928, 3.0 thousand inhabitants, 1931).

Municipal indicators

Data sources:

1. Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.
2. Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. p. 269
3. Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Goskomstat. - M:, 2003. pp. 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 123
4. Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. pp. 117, 119, 121, 127, 129
5. Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. 2006. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2006. p. 265

Culture, science, education

There are about 140 research, design and design institutes and organizations in the city. Ural Center RAS. Ural State University.

Institutes: polytechnic, mining, architectural, medical, pedagogical, agricultural, electromechanical, railway transport engineers, legal, forestry, etc. Conservatory.

Theaters: opera and ballet named after A.V. Lunacharsky, dramatic, musical comedy, young spectators, puppets.

Philharmonic. Circus.

Museums: regional local history museum, Ural Mountains museum, literary museum named after D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, House-Museum of P.P. Bazhova. Art gallery (founded in 1936 - the largest collection of works of Kasli casting, including the unique Kasli cast-iron pavilion, which received a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900). Museum of the History of Medicine, Museum of Military Glory of the Urals and History of the Ural Military District.

Architecture, sights

Yekaterinburg extends from west to east for 15 km, from north to south for 26 km. The Iset River, dividing the city into western and eastern parts, has been turned into a system of stepped reservoirs (the largest is Verkh-Isetsky pond, the others are Gorodskoy, Parkovy and Nizhneisetsky).

In Yekaterinburg there are numerous buildings from the 18th - early 19th centuries. in the style of classicism: the Mining Chancellery (1737-39, rebuilt in 1833-35 according to the design of the architect M.P. Malakhov), the former estate of Rastorguev-Kharitonov (1794-1824, architect Malakhov), Malakhov’s house (1817-20), etc. .

On the site of a metallurgical plant built in 1723, a Historical Square with blocks of rocks from different regions of the Ural region was created.

Since the second half of the 1920s, reconstruction and new construction were carried out in the city. Large buildings appeared in the constructivist style: “House of Offices” (1930, architect V.I. Smirnov), the residential complex “Chekist Town” (1931, architects I.P. Antonov, V.D. Sokolov, etc.), Vtuzgorodok complex (1929-30). Since 1959, the construction of large-block and large-panel residential buildings has been underway. According to the general plan approved in 1972, the center is developing along the river. Iset.

Chkalovsky

The largest district of the city is spread over an area of ​​402 square kilometers. The city was founded around the Uktus plant in 1704. Today there are 42 large enterprises operating here, providing jobs to the majority of residents of this part of the city. Chkalovsky is the industrial heart of the city. Therefore, the state of the environment leaves much to be desired. However, it is one of the fastest growing parts of the city. Most of the buildings are residential buildings.

Responsible for infrastructure:

• almost 30 medical institutions;
• 84 educational institutions;
• 3 Houses of Culture;
• 4 art schools;
• 8 libraries.

Almost 90 sports facilities and several hundred shops, cafes and other service establishments. Population - 275.5 thousand people.

Development of the Chkalovsky district of Yekaterinburg

Ethnic composition

Currently, representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the city, the vast majority of which are Russian. There are also quite a few Tatars, Ukrainians and Bashkirs.

Verkh-Isetsky

The second largest district of the Sverdlovsk capital occupied an area of ​​240 square meters. km. It was named after a reservoir and a metallurgical plant. The date of formation of the district is 1919. There are only four industrial enterprises on the territory, and a third of the territory is a forested area and reservoirs. From an environmental point of view, this is one of the cleanest parts of the city. The housing stock offers apartments with an average price policy. The infrastructure is well developed, and the authorities promise to build a second metro line to the area. The decoration of the area is business, which attracts tourists from neighboring regions all year round. Population – 221 thousand people.

The area has well-developed cultural and sports spheres. The territory contains more than 75 architectural and historical monuments, more than 30 cultural and art institutions, museums, libraries, 16 hotels and almost 150 sports institutions.

New residential microdistrict in the Verkh-Isetskaya part of the city

Metro

The Yekaterinburg metro is small, it has only one line with 9 stations. The construction of the metro began only in the late 80s; due to the crisis, the stations were put into operation at a slow pace in the 90s, the last one was built relatively recently - in 2012. Currently, 2 branches (27 stations) are in the design stage. However, the Ekaterinburg metro ranks 4th in Russia in terms of passenger traffic (after the Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk metro), serving about 170 thousand passengers daily, or about 49.3 million per year (data for 2022).

October

The third largest district of the city is located in the southeast of Yekaterinburg on an area of ​​157 square meters. km. The history of its foundation dates back to the 18th century, when Yekaterinburg did not yet have city status, but was a fortress in the Urals. Its construction began with the foundation of the plant; today there are five such strategic enterprises in the region. Another four are representatives of the food industry.

In modern Yekaterinburg, 149 thousand people live in this part of the city. The education sector is represented by almost 60 educational institutions, led by the Ural Forestry University. In the cultural sphere, the local zoo, puppet theater, and more than 60 cultural institutions, including the beautiful Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, stand out. The environmental situation is not the most favorable due to the location of the area along the former Siberian Highway and the enterprises operating on the territory.

The largest theater in Yekaterinburg

City `s history

Yekaterinburg did not arise by chance; its foundation is associated with the names of the associates of Peter I - V.N. Tatishchev and G.V. de Genin. The site for construction was found in early January 1721. Here was everything that was needed to build an ironworks: water, ore and timber, from here the waterways began along the Chusovaya River to European Russia and along the Iset River in the Trans-Urals. Therefore, in the spring of 1723, by decree of Emperor Peter I, construction of the largest ironworks in Russia began on the banks of the Iset River.

— History of the city of Yekaterinburg — History of the Romanov dynasty — History of the flag and coat of arms of Yekaterinburg

Railway

The area, located in the north-west of the city, includes an industrial zone, residential areas and several remote villages. The total area is 126.3 square kilometers. Population: more than 165 thousand people.

The specificity of the area is industry and production. There are 36 large enterprises operating on its territory, including Sverdlovsk Russian Railways. The educational sector is represented by 55 educational institutions, and the cultural sector by 35. The ecological situation is similar to other industrial areas.

Entrance to the Zheleznodorozhny district of Yekaterinburg

Map of the city of Yekaterinburg with roads. Transport of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg is a major transport hub in Russia. 6 federal highways intersect here:

• The Chelyabinsk tract ( M5 highway ) adjoins from the south;
• Novomoskovsky tract ( P242 ) adjoins from the west and goes to Perm;
• P351 - from the east and goes to Tyumen;
• P354 - from the east and goes to Shadrinsk;
• Polevsky tract ( P355 ) - from the southwest and goes to Polevskaya;
• Serovsky tract ( P352 ) - from the north-west.

Two bus stations “Northern” and “Yuzhny” serve all city, suburban and interregional routes. "Severny" is located on the street. Vokzalnaya. "Yuzhny" - at the intersection of 8 March and Shchorsa streets. A map of Yekaterinburg with streets and houses allows you to create optimal travel routes around the city.

Seven railway lines pass through the metropolis. Trains go to Perm, Tyumen, Kazan, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Tavda, Kurgan. The length of the Sverdlovsk railway is 7,165 km. Yekaterinburg-Passenger Station is located on Vokzalnaya Street.

Koltsovo International Airport is second only to Moscow and St. Petersburg. The flight geography includes 120 destinations, of which only 54 are within Russia, the rest are foreign.

Public transport in Yekaterinburg is quite developed. Recently, the number of trolleybuses, buses, minibuses, and taxis has increased. The tram and trolleybus network carries out more than half of city traffic. The city train connects the northwestern and southern microdistricts. The metro has one line with nine stations.

Ordzhonikidzevsky

Founded in 1934, the Ordzhonikidze district was conceived as the machine-building center of the entire Urals. Today, six of the country’s most important heavy industry enterprises are located on its territory.

District named after Ordzhonikidze is also the most populous in Yekaterinburg and the second in the Sverdlovsk region (after Nizhny Tagil). As of 2022, the number was 286.5 thousand people. The occupied territory is 102 square kilometers. Its active development began in the post-war years in connection with the expansion of industrial enterprises. Today, the Uralmash and Elmash neighborhoods are being built on a large scale in the area. Fashionable new buildings here organically coexist with post-war “panel” buildings. The advantages of living in this area include interesting new building projects, proximity to the metro and average prices. The downside is traffic jams, high population density and ecology - the proximity to industrial zones affects this.

Historical monument in Ordzhonikidze district

Capital of the Ural region

After the October Revolution and the Civil War, when the Bolsheviks finally seized power in the country, Yekaterinburg first became the capital of the huge Ural region, and then was renamed Sverdlovsk.

The global restructuring of the county town into a large modern administrative center began. Sverdlovsk has turned into a large-scale experimental construction site. The architectural life of Sverdlovsk was seriously influenced by creative unions and groups in Moscow and Leningrad. The avant-garde architectural style - constructivism, which provides for rationality and simplicity of forms, has become widespread. More than 140 objects were built in Sverdlovsk in the constructivist style. The most famous of them are: the Chekist Town (“NKVD Housing Complex”), the House of Communications (Main Post Office), and the “Ural Worker” printing house.

Sverdlovsk received another impetus for development in 1928, when the Ural Heavy Engineering Plant (UZTM, Uralmashzavod) was founded. At the same time, the construction of a social town for construction workers and plant workers began. On July 15, 1933, the plant was launched.

The White Tower is a monument of constructivism

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

The White Tower is a monument of constructivism

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

In 1934, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Ural region, due to the impossibility of managing such a vast territory, was divided into three regions - Sverdlovsk region with the center in Sverdlovsk, the Chelyabinsk region with the center in Chelyabinsk and the Ob-Irtysh region with the center in Tyumen.

Kirovsky

One of the youngest in Yekaterinburg. Founded in 1943 in the eastern part of the city to support industrial production during the war years. By 1943, 14 strategic enterprises and several research institutes operated in the territory.

INTERESTING FACT. During the Great Patriotic War, eight enterprises of national importance were moved to the Kirov part of the city, including those specializing in aircraft construction, the nuclear industry and communications.

Today the Kirovsky district is the industrial and intellectual center of the city. It houses ten large industrial enterprises and more than 80 educational institutions. The population is 228 thousand people.

One of the city-forming enterprises of the Kirov region

THIS IS INTERESTING. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. The largest Russian center of Old Believers in the Urals was located in the Kirovsky district. The area is adjacent to unique natural monuments - the ancient Lake Shartash and the “Stone Tents” - rock formations. Both objects attract visitors to this part of the city all year round, both from the Sverdlovsk region and its capital, as well as from neighboring regions.

Natural monument located in the Kirovsky district

The housing stock is represented by active development on the outskirts of the city - the reinforced concrete microdistrict. The advantages include the proximity of forested areas and the cost of housing - one of the lowest in the city. The disadvantages are the unsatisfactory state of transport communications.

Lesnoy is a large city located in a closed area

Surprisingly, the third largest city of Lesnoy with an area of ​​360 km² is only on the 13th place in the list of the largest cities by the number of inhabitants. This is explained simply: the formation is a closed territory, since the Elektrokhimpribor plant, which works with uranium, is located here. The factory and then the settlement were built by Gulag prisoners. In the first years of its existence, it was called Sverdlovsk-45: only in 1994 the name was renamed.

In this regard, there are no significant attractions in Lesnoy, but the infrastructure for local residents is well developed. There are about 500 companies in various segments of the economy, as well as 3 universities, among which there is one that corresponds to the profile of the city - a branch of the Scientific Research Nuclear University MEPhI.

Leninist

"Heart" of the city. Situated on a “modest” 34.3 square kilometers. Most of it is a historical heritage, cultural monuments, architectural monuments and green areas - 6 squares and 5 parks and forest parks (a total of about 34 hectares of green space). The housing stock is represented by two microdistricts. Population: 156 thousand people.

The educational sphere is represented by more than 90 institutions, including eight universities. The city administration is also located here. Leninsky district is favorable for life from an environmental point of view. There are no heavy industrial enterprises and many forested areas. Being the cultural center of the capital, the district has collected 14 historical and cultural monuments, including unique ones. In addition, interest clubs and cultural institutions are actively developing here. The tourist mecca of the area is the pedestrian street Weiner. It is often called the “Ural Arbat”. Its length is only a kilometer, but already in the 19th century. it became the center of Sverdlovsk trade and social life. Merchants considered it an honor to open a store here, and the buildings built on this street are today classified as historical heritage.

"Ural Arbat"

The pedestrian area is perfect for photo stops. It contains numerous monuments, fountains and art installations. In the warmer months, street musicians and artists await visitors. The housing stock in this part of the city is being actively developed. But due to the abundance of historical buildings, new buildings are being built sporadically, which increases the average price of real estate. Other disadvantages include the pollution of the city center and city noise. Experts cite a well-developed infrastructure as an advantage.

Siberian tract

In 1783, through Yekaterinburg, which officially received the status of a city, the Siberian Highway was laid along the route Moscow - Kazan - Perm - Tobolsk. Those who traveled from Moscow to Siberia called it Siberian, and those who traveled from Siberia to Moscow called it Moscow. The opening of the Siberian Highway led to the fact that Verkhoturye, which previously had a strong influence on the region, finally lost its strategic importance.

Thanks to the Siberian Highway, Yekaterinburg began to serve as a trade and distribution center. The city had its own customs office, and Ekaterinburg merchants, mainly Old Believers, began their activities in full force. The so-called cattle routes from the Trans-Urals and northern Kazakhstan passed through Yekaterinburg, along which hundreds of thousands of heads of cattle were transported annually. The meat and lard rendering business began to develop in the city. Melted lard in barrels was sent to the ports of St. Petersburg and Taganrog, and meat was sent to factories.

By the beginning of the 19th century, Yekaterinburg had become a center of attraction for commercial capital of the entire Perm province. The Ekaterinburg merchant class more actively participated in local self-government than other classes. Its representatives most often became city mayors.

By the end of the 18th century, among the merchants of Yekaterinburg, only the third guild occasionally included Orthodox merchants. The first and second guilds consisted exclusively of Old Believers. Their influence on the economic life of the region was significant. The following streets were named in honor of famous Old Believer families in Yekaterinburg: Kharitonovskaya, Rastorguevskaya, Tolstikovskaya, Kazantsevskaya, Tarasovskaya. In the 19th century, many Old Believers merchants, under pressure from circumstances, converted to the Edinoverie.

Park of the Kharitonov-Rastorguev estate

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

Park of the Kharitonov-Rastorguev estate

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

The influx of capital began to change the appearance of Yekaterinburg: merchants actively built stone estates and trading shops. One of the striking examples of merchant development is the Rastorguev-Kharitonov estate.

The main place of trade in Yekaterinburg was Gostiny Dvor and the adjacent Torgovaya Square (now part of the 1905 square). Now in its place is the city administration building.

Cinema "Colosseum" - the first city theater

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

Cinema "Colosseum" - the first city theater

Photo: Vladislav Lonshakov, Kommersant

Academic

The newest district of the city, officially adopted only at the end of 2022. Formed by connecting the central parts of Leninsky and Verkh-Isetsky districts. The designers plan to turn the area into a business center with a small amount of residential development. By 2026, it is planned to accommodate more than 300 thousand people on 9 million square meters. m of residential real estate and 4 million of commercial real estate. It will receive official status as the eighth district by 2023.

Development of a new district of Ekaterinburg

Today, new buildings with affordable housing prices are being actively built here. Experts attribute undeveloped infrastructure to temporary disadvantages. However, the city plans to quickly make the Academichesky district the youngest and most developed.

Where to stay in Yekaterinburg?

If you are planning to visit Yekaterinburg, then you should take care of booking a place to stay in advance, since cheap and advantageous rooms in mini-hotels quickly run out. We recommend that you do not delay choosing a hotel and use the services of Booking.com, which offers more than 500 hotels in Yekaterinburg for booking. You can select a hotel using a variety of filters: star rating, type (hotel, apartment, villa, hostel, etc.), cost, location, ratings of people who visited the hotel, Wi-Fi availability and much more.

During the Great Patriotic War

Sverdlovsk had a deep rear. But the inhabitants of this harsh region also made a worthy contribution to the victory. More than 100 thousand Sverdlovsk residents were called to the front. 62 soldiers became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 13 thousand became holders of orders and medals. More than 500 formations were sent to the front line, including the famous 22nd Army and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps.

More than 50 large enterprises were evacuated here from territories captured by the Nazis. On their basis, the production of military equipment, weapons and ammunition was launched. Sverdlovsk residents forged victory at the machines.

Residents of Sverdlovsk temporarily forgot ancient Yekaterinburg and why their city was called that.