01 region of Russia – Republic of Adygea (101)

The Republic of Adygea
, part of the Southern Federal District of Russia, is part of the North Caucasus economic region. The capital is Maykop. It is located in the south of the European part, in the northwestern part of the Caucasus, the northern part is on the Kuban Plain, and the southern part is on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. The territory of the republic is surrounded on all sides by the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. Territory area 7.8 thousand square meters. km, population 453.4 thousand people. (2018)

• On the map: Yandex.Map, Google map

The Adygs as a people with a single language and culture emerged by the 10th century; they occupied the territory from the Taman Peninsula to Abkhazia and to the Azov region and the Kuban River.
The self-name “Adyghe” presumably reflects the name of the Zikhi tribe through the intermediate form a-dzyge - this is confirmed by the Abkhaz name of the Adygs, Azykhu, and the Georgian name, Dzhiki. Zikhi are mentioned in the “Geography” (Book XII) of Strabo (18 BC), later found in the works of Greek and Latin authors, in Byzantine sources of the 6th-10th centuries, disappearing from literature from the 13th century, when new ones appeared The names of the Circassians are Kasogs, Circassians. Subsequently, the formation and isolation of ethnic groups continued. In the 16th-18th centuries, wars against the Circassians were waged by the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, which forced them to seek the protection of the Russian state. In 1552-1557, several Adyghe embassies arrived in Moscow. The chronicles are the only sources by which one can judge the details of the Russian-Adyghe negotiations. It was about protection from the attacks of the Crimean Tatars. Connections between the Circassians and Russia were established through the Nogai rulers, who were oriented toward Rus'. The appeal of the Circassians to Moscow did not mean their immediate entry into Russia. The inclusion of the Circassians in the Russian administrative-political system began only after the end of the Caucasian War (1817-1864).

The Adygs lived in separate large tribes or tribal unions. Each tribe occupied its own territory and had different customs. Historically, there was a continuous process of consolidation of tribes into a single nation. Sources from the 10th century mention three large tribal associations: Zikhia, Papagia and Kasakhia. In the 16th-17th centuries, unsuccessful attempts were made to unite the Circassians into a single state. The 18th century was marked by widespread colonization of the North. Caucasus by Russian and Ukrainian settlers. Circassia was one of the theaters of the Russian-Turkish wars of 1787-1791 and 1806-1812. In difficult conditions of confrontation between powers pursuing an expansionist policy, the Circassians waged an armed war for their independence. According to the Iasi (1791) and Bucharest (1812) peace treaties concluded between Russia and Turkey, Circassia was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, the Russian Empire did not abandon its interests in this region, pursuing its policy through both economic and military means.

As a result of the Russian-Caucasian War of 1817-1864, most of the Circassians became muhajirs, moving within the Ottoman Empire. The rest were settled on flat lands on the left bank of the Kuban.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the territory of Adygea from May 1918 was part of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic.

On July 27, 1922, the Adygea (Circassian) Autonomous Region

on the territory of the Maykop and Yekaterinodar departments of the Kuban-Black Sea region, whose authorities were located in the city of Krasnodar.
On August 13, 1928, it was renamed the Adygea Autonomous Region
.

From August 2, 1924 to December 28, 1934, the region was part of the North Caucasus Territory, then until September 13, 1937 it was part of the Azov-Black Sea Territory, then it became part of the Krasnodar Territory.

On April 10, 1936, the center of the region was moved to the city of Maykop, which was included in the Adygea Autonomous Region.

On April 28, 1962, the Tula (now Maikop) district was transferred to the region from the Krasnodar Territory.

On December 15, 1990, the Adygea Autonomous Region seceded from the Krasnodar Territory.

On July 3, 1991, the autonomous region was transformed into the Republic of Adygea.

On March 10, 1995, the Legislative Assembly (Khase) approved the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea.

The Republic of Adygea consists of seven districts and two cities of republican subordination, Adygeisk and Maykop.

What holiday is it today?

09 February 2022, Wednesday

Today are holidays and events: Aeroflot's birthday International Dentist Day Memorable date in Russian military history: The feat of the cruiser Varyag Tomorrow: Diplomat's Day

Today is an Orthodox holiday: Transfer of the relics of St. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople... Tomorrow: St. Ephraim the Syrian. Venerable Ephraim of Novotorzhsky. Venerable Ephraim of Pechersk, Bishop of Pereyaslavl. Venerable Theodosius of Totem, the head and founder of the Spasosumorin monastery...

Today is a national holiday: Chrysostom's Fire... Tomorrow: Ephraim's Day...

Seasons

Seasons, four periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) characterized by certain average temperatures. The period during which the Sun passes through one of these sectors is called the season. Spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere begin when the Sun passes through the initial circle of declination and its right ascension is 0° (vernal equinox). Summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the sun's right ascension is 90° (summer solstice). Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere begin when the sun's right ascension is 180° (autumnal equinox). The beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere is considered to be the winter solstice, when the direct ascension of the Sun is 270°... Next: Seasons. Russian folk calendar. Monthly words...

Population

In 1999, the population of Adygea was 449.3 thousand people, of which 95.4 thousand were Adygeis (Adygs), self-name - Adyge (Old Russian Kasogi, Old Circassians), local ethnographic and dialect differences remain: Abadzekhs, Bzhedugs , Shapsugs, Besleneyevtsy, Zhaneevtsy, Natukhaytsy, Temirgoyevtsy, Khatukayevtsy, Egerukayevtsy, Mamkheg, Makhoshevtsy, Khakuchi. Currently, Adygea is inhabited mainly by four subethnic groups - Abadzekhs, Bzhedugs, Shapsugs, Temirgoys, representatives of other groups are settled among these subethnic groups. The republic is also home to Russians - 293.6 thousand, Ukrainians - 13.8 thousand, Armenians - 10.5 thousand, Belarusians - 2.7 thousand, Tatars - 2.7 thousand, Germans - 1.8 thousand ., Greeks - 1.6 thousand, Gypsies - 1.1 thousand.

Western Adygs (inhabiting Adygea) speak the Adyghe language (four dialects), which belongs to the Adyghe group of Western Caucasian languages. The official languages ​​are Russian and Adyghe.

Folk calendar about every day

Every day one season always replaces another and this determines a person’s way of life. In connection with this, a folk calendar was formed in which there were practically no nameless, unmarked days. Every day was special, had its own purpose. All this was determined by climate conditions and astrological phenomena.

A calendar is a system for counting periods of time. The first calendars arose a long time ago, in ancient times, because there was a need to measure time. The word calendar comes from the Latin words caleo - to proclaim and calendarium - debt book. This is due to the fact that in Ancient Rome the beginning of each month was especially proclaimed, and because it was customary to pay debts on the first day of the month. Different peoples counted time differently. Some calendars are based on the changing phases of the moon - lunar calendars; in others - the change of seasons - sunny; in others, the length of the year was coordinated with the change of seasons, and the counting of months was associated with the phases of the Moon. Such calendars are called lunisolar.

In Rus', the calendar was called a monthly calendar. Every day, the month book covered the entire year of peasant life, “describing” day by day, month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. The cyclical nature of the calendar is reminiscent of human life, where spring is youth, summer is heyday, autumn is the time of harvesting fruits (it’s good if there are some, otherwise you can live your life without collecting fruits), winter is the time of wisdom and peace. This cyclicality and rhythm determined the way of life of the farmer. The folk calendar was an agricultural calendar, which was reflected in the names of the months, folk signs, rituals and customs. Even the determination of the timing and duration of the seasons is associated with real climatic conditions. Hence the discrepancy between the names of the months in different areas... Next: Folk calendar...

Federal District

The region's territory is part of the Southern Federal District , which also includes:

Yandex.MapsSouthern Federal District — Yandex.Maps

Fishing calendar for every day

The fishing calendar should not be taken as an absolutely indisputable truth. Fish biting is greatly influenced by a whole range of natural factors, as well as the influence on the nature of man himself. You must not forget that the fish’s bite depends and is determined not only by the calendar dates and biological cycles of their life, reflected in the calendar, but also, no less, by the state of their habitat; the bite also depends on weather conditions: air and water temperatures, cloudiness, wind direction and strength, etc... Next: Fishing calendar...

Orthodox calendar about every day

Orthodox calendar: Orthodox, Church and Christian holidays.

The church year is an alternation of weekdays and holidays. On weekdays, a person is called to work “by the sweat of his brow to earn his bread.” Holidays are given in order to feel liberation, to rise above the bustle and routine of the world, to feel involved in the highest of worlds, “where there are no illnesses, sorrows and sighs, but endless life.” Since ancient times, holiday cycles have been associated with the seasons. The pagans associated them with the worship of the forces of nature, the cult of which in the Old Testament was replaced by gratitude to the Creator for the universe. And although the connection between holidays and the seasons has not completely lost its power, since God is present in everything, in the plant and animal world, in human works, it nevertheless faded into the background, giving way to a spiritual foundation built on the Sacred Scriptures. The history of Orthodox holidays dates back to the times of the Old Testament. Each of the Orthodox holidays is dedicated to the remembrance of the most important events in the life of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God, as well as the memory of saints... Next: Orthodox calendar...

Attractions

Tourism here is intended for lovers of adrenaline and vivid impressions, as well as lovers of very beautiful wildlife. These are caves and turbulent rivers, peaks. You can fly a hang glider, ride a quad bike, or ride a horse through the gorges .

Some of the most popular attractions of the Republic of Adygea (and this is not the entire list):

• Khadzhokh Gorge of the Belaya River
• Lago-Naki
• Waterfalls of the Rufabgo River
• Savranskaya Ropeway
• Mysterious dolmens
• Rope adventure park "Tethys"
• St. Michael Athos Monastery
• Devil's finger rock
• Gorge and waterfalls of the Mishoko River
• Museum of Nature of the Caucasian Reserve
• Granite gorge of the Belaya River
• Lagonaki Highlands (Lago-Naki Plateau)
• Caves of the Lagonaki Highlands
• Fisht-Oshtensky mountain range
• Valley of the Ammonites

Russian folk calendar for every day

The word “sign” comes from the word “notice”, i.e. observe. As a result of observing what happens around a person every day, he accumulates life experience. This knowledge was passed down from generation to generation, carefully preserved and people trusted it as a sacred book. Many signs have come to us from the depths of centuries without losing their knowledge. Each of us is free to choose: to dismiss all this as an absurd superstition or to take a closer look at the signs and take the centuries-old experience of generations more seriously. Most of us, when taking exams, ask them to scold them, boasting about some kind of good fortune or luck, spit so as not to jinx them or knock on wood, take a detour if a black cat crossed the road, are afraid of the number 13 and much more. And who among us does not have lucky things, numbers? Who has never resorted to the help of fate at least once in their life, who has not believed in secrets? It’s as if everything connected with signs is hidden somewhere deep in our subconscious. Often we remember them mechanically, unconsciously, or just as a joke. But, undoubtedly, the signs contain a lot of accurate knowledge and practical wisdom of our ancestors. They cover all the characteristic, often difficult to perceive, natural phenomena. Signs have preserved a lot of what was in old folk holidays and customs; they help predict the weather, grow crops... Next: Folk signs...

Holiday calendar, dates and events of the year

All state and professional holidays in Russia, including significant World and International holidays, and other equally interesting holidays and events about every day.

The holiday has always kept pace with the history of mankind. Social time can be divided into three types: everyday life (weekdays), weekends and holidays. Everyday life is a series of practices repeated day after day and every day (work). Weekends are regular breaks from the rush of everyday life. It is believed that on weekends a person should restore his strength after working days. Day off, non-working day. A holiday is a day of celebration established in honor or in memory of someone or something. A day or series of days celebrated by the church in memory of a religious event or saint... Next: Calendar...

Adygea

Video: Adygea

Basic moments

The Republic of Adygea boasts rich landscape diversity. The northern regions occupy flat territory, while the southern regions stretch on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Most of the Caucasus Nature Reserve is located on the mountain ranges of the republic. The picturesque plateaus and snow-capped mountain peaks of Adygea attract tourists at any time of the year. Travelers go on hiking trips, horseback riding tours, rafting, canyoning, and mountaineering. In winter, skiing and luge are popular here.

Big ThachUpper reaches of the Khodz River

Mount Asbestnaya, views from the top Fisht Nature Reserve

Acheshbok massif

There are only two cities in Adygea - the capital Maykop and Adygeisk. But here there are colorful villages and villages where Circassians still live, preserving the traditions of their life and practicing ancient crafts. Famous gunsmiths still work in Adygea. Their products - sabers decorated with precious stones and gold, traditional Caucasian knives - are in great demand among the oil magnates of the Middle East. Tourists can purchase elegant jewelry in the national style, ethnic ceramics, and metal utensils with exquisite embossing in local art salons.

A decent hospitality infrastructure has been created in Maykop and resort villages. Tourists are greeted by hotels, cozy guest houses, chalets, hiding in the most picturesque corners. You can also stay at tourist centers, campsites, or rent a room from local residents for a nominal fee.

Cathedral Mosque of Maykop

Adygeisk in winter

History of Adygea

Adygea is the historical homeland of the Circassians, whose self-name sounds like “Adyghe”. Today, these people also live compactly in the territories of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, in a number of regions of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, and Ossetia. They are united by one language group - Abkhaz-Adyghe, although each Adyghe subethnic group is characterized by its own dialect. The peoples neighboring the Circassians called them Circassians; later this tradition spread throughout the world. For historians, the names “Adygs” and “Circassians” are equivalent.

Before the formation of the USSR, the Circassians did not have their own territorial units, although they lived in a common area. But the Soviet government did not dare to create a single autonomy for them, which could easily be compared in territory and political weight with Georgia, Armenia or Azerbaijan.

People have lived on the lands of modern Adygea since Paleolithic times. The Maykop archaeological culture of the Early Bronze Age is world famous. Its research began with the excavations of the Maikop mound, located on the eastern outskirts of the capital of Adygea. The main burial found here dates back to the 4th millennium BC. e. Priceless artifacts discovered during archaeological research are kept in the Hermitage. No less famous are the Adyghe dolmens, which date back to the 4th-2nd centuries BC. e. On the territory of the republic they are found in whole groups.

In the V-VI centuries BC. e. The works of ancient Greek authors mentioned the tribes of the Meotians who lived in the North-West Caucasus. The Meots are considered the distant ancestors of the Circassians. Their heritage on the territory of Adygea is represented by rich burial mounds. In the 3rd century BC. e. the Sarmatians appeared here, and at the turn of the millennium their influence increased. Traces of the Meoto-Sarmatian period are captured in the archaeological monuments of Adygea - the remains of settlements with citadels, burial grounds of the 4th centuries.

In the 10th century, Zikh tribes began to move into the territory of the modern republic from the Eastern Black Sea region, inhabiting the coastal mountainous lands of the Eastern Black Sea region - the so-called Zikhia. This historical region is considered one of the oldest regions of the spread of Christianity in Russia. A new religion began to establish itself among the Circassians not only due to their assimilation with the Zikhs, but also due to strengthening trade relations with the Slavic lands.

At the beginning of the 13th century, the Mongol-Tatars invaded the Circassian lands, but the invaders failed to completely conquer the local population. In the 16th-18th centuries, the Circassians had to wage a grueling struggle with the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, which forced them to seek protection in the Russian state. During the Russian-Turkish wars of the 18th century, the Circassians periodically swore allegiance to one side or the other, and in St. Petersburg they were very critical of the degree of their loyalty. The most active spread of Islam among the Circassians dates back to the same time. As a result of the Caucasian War of 1817-1864, a significant part of them were forced to move to the Ottoman Empire.

Modern administrative-territorial division of Adygea

In 1857, a Russian fortress was founded on the Belaya River, which became an important outpost of the tsarist troops in the Trans-Kuban region. Today, in its place stands the capital of Adygea, the city of Maykop. In 1864, the territory of the modern republic was finally annexed to the Russian Empire, becoming part of the Kuban region. Soon Maikop received the status of a district town. In 1911, rich oil deposits were discovered in its vicinity, which had a beneficial effect on the economic development of the region.

After the revolution of 1917, Bolshevik power was briefly established in Maykop, but already in September of the following year the city was captured by the 1st Kuban Cossack Division of the White Army. In 1920, the White Guards were driven out by the 1st Cavalry Army of Semyon Budyonny.

The new government began to create departments, sections, and executive committees in this region, which were charged with dealing with national and religious issues relating to the Circassians. Through joint efforts, the 1st Congress of the Highlanders of the Kuban and Black Sea Region was organized, but only its 3rd convocation made the decision to create autonomies in this territory. In 1922, the Circassian (Adygea) Autonomous Region was formed, but soon its name was changed to Adygea (Circassian). The Adygs themselves, who found themselves within the AO, began to be officially called Adyghe.

Almost simultaneously, the autonomous regions of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia were created. Since then, to the displeasure of historians, confusion began in ethnonyms, and in the mass consciousness Circassians, Kabardians, etc. Adyghe people were divided into different ethnic groups. Over the decades, the Adyghe Autonomous Okrug has changed its administrative subordination more than once. Adygea received its current status as a republic in 1991.

Geography

Krasnodar Reservoir
Adygea has a curious geographical location. It is the only region of Russia located within another administrative entity: the republic is surrounded on all sides by the lands of the Krasnodar Territory. In the south, Adygea neighbors the regions of Greater Sochi, and in the north – with the urban agglomeration of Krasnodar. The western border is with the oldest balneological resort in the Caucasus - Goryachiy Klyuch, and the eastern border - with the Labinsky, Kurganinsky, Mostovsky districts.

Within Adygea, whose area covers 7,790 km², there are two cities - the capital Maykop and the regional Adygeisk, 7 districts and 48 rural settlements. The main territory of the republic extends in the basin of two main tributaries of the Kuban - the Belaya and Laba rivers, which is the natural border of Adygea with the Krasnodar Territory. The city of Adygeisk is located on the coast of the Krasnodar reservoir in the floodplain of the Kuban River.

In the north of the republic stretches the fertile Prikubanskaya (Zakubanskaya) plain. This terraced picturesque area is dissected by river valleys formed by tributaries of the Kuban. To the south stretch the Greater Caucasus mountain ranges. At an altitude of 600 to 2800 m, most of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve is located, representing one of the main natural values ​​of Adygea. On the watershed between Malaya Laba and Belaya there is the Bolshoy Tkhach mountain range, which is part of the natural park of the same name, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Big Thach

Along the southern border with the Krasnodar Territory rise the highest mountains of the republic - Chugush (3238 m), Dzhemaruk (3099 m), Tybga (3065 m). To the west of them extends the Fisht-Oshtenovsky massif, whose maximum height reaches 2867 m. A stadium built in Sochi in 2013, on the eve of the XXII Winter Olympic Games, was named after Mount Fisht.

The territory of Adygea is cut through by about 1000 waterways: rivers, streams, which mainly originate in the Greater Caucasus Mountains and form waterfalls, gorges, and canyons. To regulate water flows, 5 reservoirs and 294 ponds were created in the republic. In addition to artificial reservoirs, there are picturesque lakes, many of them located in the mountains and difficult to access. The largest lake is Huko, whose area reaches 0.027 km². It is of karst-tectonic origin and lies at an altitude of 1744 m.

Lake Huku

Almost 40% of the territory of Adygea, mainly in the southern regions, is occupied by forests. Here the foothills of the Caucasus are covered with eastern pines, spruces, and Caucasian firs. Oak, dogwood, beech, hornbeam, and ash also grow. Herds of cows and herds of horses graze in the alpine meadows. The steppe is inhabited by raccoon dogs and jerboas, and in forest areas there are bears, deer, forest cats, badgers, and otters. The highlands are the habitat of Kuban aurochs, Caucasian chamois, and lynxes.

Climate

Rufabgo waterfalls in winter
In the relatively compact Adygea there are several climatic zones, but, in general, the weather conditions here are quite comfortable. The number of clear days per year in various geographical locations is from 200 to 250. The climate is characterized as moderate continental in the lowlands, moderately warm in the foothills and cool in the highlands. Precipitation in the republic falls unevenly, its intensity increases with altitude.

Winters in Adygea, with the exception of high mountain regions, usually have little snow. On the plains, the height of the snow cover rarely exceeds 10 cm, in the middle mountains it can reach 30-50 cm, and in the high mountains - 2-5 m. The coldest month is January, with average temperatures of -5...-2 °C in the plains, –6…–4 °С in the foothills and –15…–10 °С at the heights. Periodically, Arctic cyclones cause short-term cold snaps down to –25…–20 °C. High in the mountains, the air temperature can drop to –35…–30 °C. At the same time, in winter there are sudden warmings up to +5...+10 °C, causing melting of snow in the mountains and flooding.

Spring comes to the lowland lands at the beginning of March. In the mountains it begins at the end of the same month or at the beginning of April. It is getting warmer in Adygea quite quickly, and in mid-May the daytime temperature on the plain reaches 20 degrees. In summer it is hot (+25...+30 °C) and mostly dry, short-term precipitation usually falls in the form of showers. Closer to the mountainous south, summer temperatures decrease: at an altitude of up to 500 m they are, on average, +21 °C, and at around 2000 m - already +18 °C.

Lagonaki plateau in spring

Summer does not leave the plains until the end of September, and in the foothills autumn begins a couple of weeks earlier. In the Maykop region, even in October, the daytime air temperature is +16…+18 °C. In the foothills, by the end of this month, the thermometers drop below +10 °C.

Historical monuments and museums of Adygea

The oldest surviving monuments on the territory of Adygea are dolmens, without visiting which no trip around the republic is complete. Similar unique buildings made of stone blocks, found on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in Europe, Korea, India, and North Africa, are forgotten wonders of the world and the most mysterious monuments of archaeologists. Megalithic structures were erected in different eras by different peoples and presumably served as ritual tombs.

Scientists date the Caucasian dolmens to the 3rd-2nd millennia BC. e. The Adygs have long revered them, considering them sacred burials. But since archaeologists began to open dolmens, the sacred awe among local residents has diminished, and they began to take away the stone slabs for household needs. The buildings still suffer from vandalism, becoming victims of black archaeologists, large developers and summer residents, landscape designers and tourists. Today, no more than a dozen ancient “stone houses” have been preserved in their original form in the republic.

Dolmens of Adygea

On the territory of the republic, dilapidated dolmens are found mainly in groups from 10-12 buildings to more than 200. Among the largest complexes of megalithic monuments in the Caucasus is the Bogatyrskaya Polyana tract, located in the Maykop region. Not so long ago, there were about 400 dolmens scattered along the tops of mountain slopes, near watersheds, and on flat terrain. In the east of the tract, twin buildings, built of light sandstone, form a peculiar street, which is compared to the avenue of sphinxes in the Egyptian Luxor. Local residents called this place Bogatyrskaya Road.

Guzeripl dolmen

The largest dolmen in Adygea can be seen in the village of Guzeripl, located at the foot of the Main Caucasus Range. A well-preserved 2.5-meter dolmen is hidden at the confluence of the Malchepa River and the Belaya River. This building is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. By the way, in Guzeripl it is worth checking out a small museum where unique examples of local flora and fauna are exhibited.

On the outskirts of the village of Kamennomostsky, 200 m from the Maikop - Guzeripl highway, there is the Khadzhokhsky dolmen, popular among tourists. Next to it is the Rock Garden Museum with an interesting archaeological collection.

About 10 km from here, on the banks of the Belaya River, is the village of Dakhovskaya, in the vicinity of which you can also see dolmens. This area is famous for other archaeological sites. It was here that the oldest Paleolithic cave site in Transkuban was discovered. Literally in the very center of the village, founded in 1862 on the site of an ancient village, archaeologists found burials with valuable artifacts, objects made of gold from the time of the establishment of the first ties between the Circassians and the Russians.

Old bridge in the village of Dakhovskaya

The stone Dakhovsky Bridge, spanning the stormy mountain river Dakh, is very remarkable. Its construction was carried out in 1906 by Cossacks of the Urup Cossack Regiment, exiled to these regions for refusing to suppress the uprisings that broke out in the Caucasus. History has not preserved the name of the architect, but, obviously, the 60-meter three-span arch bridge was designed by a very competent specialist. In its appearance, the structure, made of hewn boulders, resembles ancient Roman and Byzantine bridges and is not inferior to them in reliability. For 100 years, frequent floods and turbulent streams carrying stones from mountain slopes failed to damage the bridge supports. Today the monumental Dakhovsky Bridge is a pedestrian bridge.

An important religious landmark of Adygea is the Mikhailo-Athos Trans-Kuban Hermitage, or St. Michael's Monastery of Athos. The Orthodox monastery is located in the village of Pobeda, on the slope of Mount Fiziabgo. The desert was founded in 1877 and soon became an important pilgrimage site. After the revolution of 1917, the monastery managed to serve as a recreation center for GPU employees, a colony for juvenile delinquents, a school, and a tourist center. Some buildings were blown up. The revival of the monastery began in 2001, and today its main church, the Holy Trinity, has been completely restored; there are three more churches in the monastery.

Mikhailo-Athos Trans-Kuban Hermitage

Mount Physiabgo

Mount Fiziabgo is literally dotted with man-made tunnels, which allegedly stretch for 3 km. It is believed that the caves are part of an underground Byzantine monastery. They date back to the 8th-10th centuries - the period when the iconoclasts expelled their dogmatic opponents to the North Caucasus. About 200 m of caves with a height of about 1.5 m are available for inspection; you can visit them on a guided tour. Before guests visit, candles are lit here, and then religious symbols become visible on the walls of the dungeons, and in some places you can see places of worship.

The main temple of Muslims living in Adygea is located in the capital Maykop. The white-stone Cathedral Mosque, surrounded by the greenery of a well-groomed square, rises on Friendship Square. It is crowned with an impressive blue dome, and similar smaller finials adorn 4 minarets rising in the corners of the structure. The Juma Mosque was built in 2000 with funds from the former crown prince of the Arab emirate of Ras al-Khaimah. The mosque houses the residence of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory.

In a single architectural complex with the mosque there is a memorial “Memory and Unity”, built in 2013. Its dominant feature is a snow-white 20-meter monument, repeating in its outline the traditional adobe Circassian hearth. The surface of the monument is decorated with images of heroes of the Adyghe epic, scenes of significant moments of national history. Relief scenes of rituals, ornaments, and ancient symbols are also depicted. Every year on May 21, the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, the memorial serves as a venue for events dedicated to the victims of the Caucasian War of 1817-1864.

Cathedral Mosque of MaykopMonument "Memory and Unity"

National Museum of the Republic of Adygea

Curious tourists should visit the National Museum of the Republic of Adygea located in Maykop. There are 300,000 exhibits of great cultural value collected here. The museum presents collections of sculpture, painting, and graphics (XIX-XXI centuries). Local history exhibitions, historical relics, jewelry made of precious metals and stones, ancient outfits and weapons of the Circassians, and household items are on display.

The former House of the Armenian Merchant Assembly, built in Art Nouveau style, houses the North Caucasus branch of the State Museum of Oriental Art. This is the only museum in the country that contains monuments of fine art and culture of peoples living throughout the North Caucasus. Its exhibitions cover the period of history from ancient times to the present day. The collections contain archaeological artifacts, ethnographic collections, products of ancient artisans and modern designers. The art gallery displays more than 1,500 works by painters and graphic artists.

Natural attractions

Khadzhokhskaya Gorge
One of the most popular and easily accessible attractions of Adygea is the Khadzhokhskaya Gorge, located 40 km south of Maykop. The gorge is also called the Kamennomostsky Canyon - after the modern name of the village on the outskirts of which it is located. Previously, it was known as the village of Khadzhokh, and among local residents and tourists this name often prevails over the official one.

The rocks of the gorge, cut by the seething Belaya River, rise 30-60 m. The length of the canyon does not exceed half a kilometer, the width is from 7 to 20 m, but in some places the stone walls of the gorge are closer to two meters. You can admire the gorge by taking a walk along the upper “tier”, but there is an opportunity to wander into the lower reaches, which at first glance seems inaccessible.

The scenic area is divided into paid and free locations. The first one has been turned into a park; you need to pay 500 rubles to enter it. The area is equipped with ladders along which you can go down to the rough water. The park has souvenir shops, a kebab shop, a cozy cafe with Caucasian cuisine, a children's playground and a mini-zoo. In the evening you can sit on benches and admire the gorge in the rays of artificial lighting.

Those who want to explore the canyon for free will have to go down extreme paths and dilapidated stairs. You can also relax for free on the picturesque wild Laguna Beach, which is located near the entrance to the park. True, most of the day the miniature sandy area is hidden from the sun by high rocks, and not everyone dares to swim in the icy water of a mountain river.

Big Rufabgo

From the beach you can climb a metal staircase to a path that goes towards the Big Rufabgo mountain stream. Flowing into the Belaya River, it forms a cascade of 16 waterfalls and many rapids. The highest waterfall is called “Grand”, the stream falls from a height of 20 m. The approach to the 4 lower waterfalls is equipped and easily accessible; further exploration of this wild area will require equipment, dexterity and at least minimal mountaineering skills.

Observation deck at Mishoko Gorge

In the shadow of the popularity of the Khadzhokh Gorge and Rufabgo waterfalls, the nearby Meshoko (Mishoko) gorge is somewhat lost. Tourists rarely wander along unequipped paths, missing the opportunity to admire the wild Adyghe nature, rocky cliffs, mysterious grottoes, waterfalls that form picturesque pools.

Behind the village of Kamennomostsky, rocky outcrops of the Una-Koz mountain range begin, replete with caves and grottoes. The ridge stretches for 100 km in the direction of Karachay-Cherkessia. In ancient times, a trade route leading to the Black Sea passed here. The Greeks called this area “Go and be afraid” (consonant with “Una-Koz”), since caravans were often attacked by robbers who made their lairs in rocky grottoes.

The main local attraction is the Devil's Finger rock, rising at the top of the ridge and resembling in its outline either a giant frozen in stone, raising his hand to the heavens, or a pair of human fingers. From this point there are stunning views of the green valleys of Adygea and the Caucasus Mountains. There are other panoramic locations on Una-Koz; caves with halls decorated with stalactites are also of interest to tourists.

Una-Koz Ridge

Devil's finger rock

The ascent on foot to the upper points of the ridge takes 2-3 hours, but since 2014 travelers have the opportunity to use the cable car. The lower station is located near the resort village of Dakhovskaya. The cable car is known as Savranskaya: it was built by the founder of the Grafskaya Polyana hotel complex Vasily Savransky. This popular recreation area is located between Dakhovskaya and Kamennomostsky villages.

Savranskaya cable car

The Savranskaya cable car is one of the chairlift types, its length is 1256 m. The air journey takes about 20 minutes, costs 600 rubles and allows you to enjoy the splendor of mountain scenery.

To the west of the village of Dakhovskaya stretches the Azish-Tau mountain range, famous for its impressive karst caves. The largest and most famous of them is the Great Azish Cave. Its mysterious labyrinths pierce the thickness of the mountains for 650 m, of which 220 m are accessible for inspection. Tourists can see spectacularly illuminated halls with bizarre stalactites and stalagmites forming columns.

Azish-Tau Ridge

On the opposite bank of the Belaya River, the Granite Gorge, stretching for 4 km, beckons with its mystery. It is shackled by rocks, which at sunset acquire a rich dark red hue, effectively contrasting with the turquoise water of a fast mountain river. On its right bank there is the Zolotoy spring, where gold was once mined, and in the very south there are 3 peaks of Mount Trident.

Granite gorge in Adygea

To the east of the Granite Gorge, in the vicinity of the village of Ust-Sukhrai, there are low but extremely picturesque Sakhrai waterfalls. To the south of them stretches the Bolshoi Tkhach mountain range, which has the status of a protected natural park. The dominant feature of the ridge is the mountain of the same name, rising to 2368 meters and similar in its outline to a medieval castle or rock formations of distant Arizona.

The road runs through the Granite Gorge to the village of Guzeripl, which is located on the border of the populated areas of Adygea and the Caucasus Nature Reserve. The picturesque village, located on the banks of the Belaya River, is a popular holiday destination. It is from here that tourists most often go hiking in the reserve.

Sakhrai waterfallsView of Mount Big Thach

Active recreation in Adygea

The first walking routes in Adygea were organized at the end of the 19th century. In the 1930s, All-Union Route No. 30 was developed, which became famous throughout the country. Travelers set off from the foothills of Adygea in the direction of the Black Sea, passing alpine meadows, mountain passes, admiring the beauty of wild nature along the way. This route is still popular today. Travel agencies offer various options for travel and overnight stays. As a rule, the starting point of the tour is the village of Kamennomostsky, and a significant part of the route passes through the Caucasus Nature Reserve. The trek usually lasts 6-7 days.

One of the most beautiful places in the reserve is the Lago-Naki plateau, located at an altitude of 2000 m and famous for its alpine meadows. There are ecological walking routes here, and horseback riding is popular. There are ski and sled runs on the mountain slopes, and camp sites welcome guests.

Lago-Naki plateau

The Fisht-Oshtensky mountain range adjoins the plateau. Climbing enthusiasts can expect the Oshten, Chugusht, Fisht mountains, which attract not only with their beauty, but also with their accessibility. To climb their peaks, you don’t have to be a rock climber. Several routes of varying difficulty levels are offered for climbing. The Fisht saddle and the Pshekha-Su mountains are notable for the Pshekhsky waterfall, the highest in Adygea (according to various sources - from 165 to 200 m).

View of Mount Fisht from Mount Oshten

Mount Oshten

The Belaya River, well known to fans of canyoning and rafting, originates at the peaks of Fisht and Oshten. The most popular canyoning routes pass through steep slopes in the area of ​​Sakhray waterfalls, Rufabgo, and Meshoko gorge. Rafting is available along the entire length of the Belaya, sections of the river are divided into 6 levels of difficulty. The most difficult of them, with numerous rapids, whirlpools, and turbulent currents, can only be overcome by professional athletes. Every spring, rafting masters come to Guzeripl to take part in the international competition “Interrally-White”. It is held on the section of the river from Guzeripl to the village of Khamyshki.

In the vicinity of Guzeripl, near Molchepa, a tributary of the Belaya River, there is a wonderful rope park. The total length of the routes laid here is 1 km. They are designed for both extreme sports enthusiasts and children. The popular extreme park is located in the upper part of the Meshoko gorge. Here you can do rope jumping, canyoning, rock climbing, and play paintball. Horseback riding and ATV rides are offered. Those who want to fly over an abyss, ride a high swing, or explore the lower reaches of a mountain river can go to the Tethys rope adventure park, located at the top of the Una-Koz ridge, not far from the Devil's Finger.

Rafting in Adygea

Rope park Guzeripl

Purchases

Adygea is famous for its centuries-old traditions of making edged weapons, jewelry, and gold embroidery. Such products are sold in art salons, and they are expensive. For example, the author’s gallery of the famous artist Asya Eutykh offers magnificent accessories - metal belts, tiaras, pendants and much more. The gallery is open in Maykop, on Pionerskaya Street, 274.

Exhibition of folk crafts

Adyghe cheese

In souvenir shops, you can buy beautiful and inexpensive jewelry made according to ancient designs as a souvenir of your trip. The kitchen interior will be decorated with ceramic dishes, metal jugs and finely embossed dishes. A good gift would be a wine horn, bound in silver, accompanied by a bottle of vintage Adyghe wine “Shushuk” or “Pshish”.

Among the delicious souvenirs is homemade Adyghe cheese. Only here you can discover its true taste. Cheese wheels can be smoked, fresh or even dried. In addition, gourmets will appreciate other varieties offered by Adygea cheese makers.

Another wonderful delicacy is mountain honey made from alpine herbs. It’s worth bringing home a couple of jars of chestnut honey with an incomparable aroma!

Among the sets of spices sold on market counters and in stores, pay attention to Adyghe salt. This is a mix of rock salt with garlic and spices. The local exclusive dressing – honey vinegar – will give salads and marinades an unusual taste.

Adyghe cuisine

The traditional cuisine of the Circassians includes many soups, a whole range of fermented milk products, and cheeses. Bunches of fresh spicy herbs and hot and sour sauces are always present on the table. Pork is not held in high esteem here; the first place in the diet is taken by poultry, as well as beef and lamb. Nartuk corn tortillas with a crispy crust are offered as bread. Round delen pies greased with butter are very tasty. They are filled with soft cheese, mashed potatoes, and chopped herbs.

Tsegash

Restaurants and cafes offering national cuisine offer a taste of Adygea. Among such establishments in Maykop, the ethnic restaurant “Cherkessky Dvor” (Yubileinaya St., 29-A) and the restaurant “Mazdakh”, built in a park area on Podlesnaya Street, are especially popular. The price range for main courses is 150-1500 rubles.

For starters, we recommend ordering lileps - a thick, spicy soup made from beef brisket with onions and garlic, or jenships - a light bean soup. If there is ashryk on the menu, give preference to it. This is a festive soup made from dried meat and several types of cereals. For the main course, try lishapap, juicy lamb shish kebab with baked vegetables. A worthy rival to kebabs is tsegash, lamb ribs grilled over charcoal. Each restaurant prepares its own version of ljukuklibge - meat stewed in pots with a thick sauce. Lunch is often washed down with the fermented milk drink shkhyu, a local version of ayran.

For dessert in Adygea they serve halva, sweet lakum donuts, kurambiy shortbread cookies, and crispy palkau rolls. The low-alcohol drink behsyme harmonizes with sweets. Circassian fermented mypsa compote, vaguely reminiscent of kvass, is prepared from dried apples.

In the village of Dakhovskaya, guests will find the atmospheric restaurant “Dakhovskaya Sloboda”. The menu begins with a list of national dishes; they also prepare them according to European recipes. The check for lunch will be at least 2000 rubles per person. In the same village you can visit the Belaya Reka restaurant. Here you can have a hearty lunch, as well as order takeaway dishes for a picnic in the picturesque surroundings. 2 km from the village, right next to the hiking trail, there is a mountain cafe “Daur”. The prices here are reasonable, and the open veranda offers panoramic views of the Belaya River valley.

Dakhovskaya Sloboda

Cafe "Daur"

The mansion, surrounded by a garden, is occupied by the Belovodye restaurant. The establishment is considered the best in the resort village of Kamennomostsky. The cost of a full lunch for two will be about 3,000 rubles. You can eat cheaper at the nearby Charodeyka cafe, located near the railway station. For snacks and soups you will need to pay from 95 rubles, prices for hot dishes - 80-190 rubles.

Where to stay

In Adygea, tourists will find a difficult choice from about 300 hotels, mini-hotels, campsites, apartments and private cottages. Most of them are suburban buildings in picturesque corners of the republic. In the villages you can rent a room; guests are asked to pay 500-800 rubles per night.

One of the best hotels in Maykop is the Grand Hotel & Spa Maykop. The complex is located approximately 3 km west of the city center, on MOPR Street, 127. Guests have access to two restaurants, bars, a Russian steam room with aromatic herbs and a Finnish sauna, and a swimming pool. Gazebos with barbecue areas have been built on the territory. Food and drinks can be ordered from restaurants here. There is secure parking. The cost of daily accommodation is 3500-4500 rubles (breakfast included).

A dozen hotels have been built in the resort village of Dakhovskaya. Recently, the Dakhovskaya Sloboda hotel complex was built on Mira Street, 26-A. A nice cottage town with restaurants, baths, and a swimming pool was built on the territory. There are tennis courts, a billiards room, and outdoor picnic areas. Guests are offered excursions, horseback riding, cycling, and rafting. The price range for accommodation is 4249-5690 rubles per day.

Grotto on the Lagonaki plateau

You can stay cheaper in the Belaya Reka cottage tourist complex, built on the western outskirts of the village of Dakhovskaya. The houses are made of pine logs, the rooms are equipped with refrigerators and TVs. In the green area there are sports grounds, a children's corner, and all the conditions for excellent relaxation have been created. There is a restaurant and a sauna with a swimming pool. Accommodation will cost 2807-3566 rubles.

In the village of Kamennomostsky, the guest house “Terem by the River” (Khadzhokhskaya St., 26) received good reviews from tourists. The complex is located on the banks of the Belaya River, surrounded by picturesque mountain landscapes. Tourists will find a restaurant and a cafeteria; there is a swimming pool and a sauna in the courtyard. There is a rental of bicycles and sports equipment. There are 32 rooms in wooden cottages. Standard rooms, family apartments and luxury suites are available. You can rent a room for 2883-4628 rubles.

In the village of Khamyshki, located in the valley of the Belaya River, a small cozy hotel Zurada awaits guests. There is a riding club here, offering horseback riding tours in the surrounding area, hiking, and fishing. There are many flowers on the territory, peacocks walk along the paths. There are places with barbecues in the shade of the canopies. The rooms have kitchenettes, TVs, and safes. There is a shared kitchen; on the ground floor you can have lunch in the living room with a fireplace and upholstered furniture. You can stay here for 3035-3566 rubles per day.

Transport

The transport network in Adygea is not well developed. The republic does not have its own civilian airports. The capital Maykop is connected to the regions by highways. Regular buses run along the routes, and taxi services are available. The territory of Adygea is crossed by several railway lines.

How to get there

Tourists who want to get acquainted with the sights of Adygea will have to get here with transfers. The nearest airport to Maykop is in Krasnodar (120 km to the northwest). It receives passenger liners from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Volgograd, Ufa, and Chelyabinsk. At the arrival terminal, take trolleybus No. 7. It will take you to the bus station, where you need to change to a bus heading to the capital of Adygea. Up to 20 flights depart to Maykop every day. The fare is from 237 rubles, travel time is 3 hours.

There is no direct train connection between Moscow and Maykop, but there are options for such travel. For example, from the Kazansky station you can take a train to Tuapse, and then transfer to the regional train 812C “Lastochka”. The electric train takes 2 hours 55 minutes, the ticket price starts from 608 rubles. Holidaymakers vacationing in Sochi can also use this train to visit Adygea.

There is a direct bus service from Moscow to Maykop. Flights operate from the Kotelniki bus station. A ticket will cost 2,700 rubles, travel time is 18 hours 30 minutes.

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Administrative division

The territory is administratively divided into 7 districts and 2 republican urban districts of republican significance (48 rural settlements and 3 urban settlements)