City in Moscow region, Russia
| Orekhovo-Zuevo Orekhovo-Zuevo | |
| City[1] | |
| The old administration building of Orekhovo-Zuevo | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
| Location of Orekhovo-Zuevo | |
| Orekhovo-Zuevo Location of Orekhovo-Zuevo Show map of Russia Orekhovo-Zuevo Orekhovo-Zuevo (Moscow region) Show map of the Moscow region | |
| Coordinates: 55°48′N 38°58'E / 55.800°N Latitude 38.967°E / 55.800; 38.967Coordinates: 55°48′N 38°58′E / 55.800°N Latitude 38.967°E / 55.800; 38.967 | |
| A country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow region[1] |
| Based | 1917 |
| City status from | 1917 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Oleg Aparin |
| Square [2] | |
| • General | 36,386 km2 (14,049 sq mi) |
| Height | 120 m (390 ft) |
| population (2010 Census)[3] | |
| • General | 120,670 |
| • Evaluate (2018)[4] | 118,822 (−1.5%) |
| • Classify | 135th in 2010 |
| • Density | 3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi) |
| Administrative status | |
| • Subordinate | Orekhovo-Zuevo City of regional subordination[1] |
| • Capital from | Orekhovo-Zuevo district[1], Orekhovo-Zuyevo city of regional subordination[1] |
| Municipal status | |
| • Urban district | Orekhovo-Zuevo urban district[2] |
| • Capital from | Orekhovo-Zuevo urban district[2], Orekhovo-Zuevo municipal district[5] |
| Timezone | UTC + 3 (MSK [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 142600—142619 |
| Dial code(s) | +7 496 |
| OKTMO I WOULD | 46757000001 |
| Web site | www.ozmo.RU |
Orekhovo-Zuevo
(Russian: Orekhovo-Zuevo, Russian pronunciation: [rʲexəvə ˈzu(j)ɪvə]) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 85 km (53 mi) east of Moscow in the forested area on the Klyazma (a tributary of the Oka).
Orekhovo (Russian: Oréhovo), often pronounced only as Oreh
, is a Russian word that means "nut". The city was founded in 1917 as a result of the union of three villages (Orekhovo, Zuevo and Nikolskoye), hence its name.[8] Population: 120,670 (2010 Census);[3]122,248 (2002 Census);[9]137,198 (1989 Census).[10]
Story
The first known facts about where Orekhovo-Zuevo is now located date back to 1209. This place is mentioned in the Moscow Chronicles as a place called "Volochok", where a battle took place between the Vladimir prince Yuri and the Ryazan prince Izyaslav. The name “Volochok” (or, as it was later called, “Zuev Volochok”) comes from the Slavic word for “volost road”: a place where wooden ships were transported overland from one river to another. In particular, in this place, ships usually moved overland between the Klyazma and the Nerskaya Rivers. The villages of Orekhovo and Zuevo were mentioned in chronicles several more times in the Middle Ages.
In 1797, the serf peasant Savva Vasilievich Morozov (Russian: Savva Vasilievich Morozov) opened his first silk factory in Zuevo. Later he switched from silk to wool. In 1823, profits from his business allowed him to free himself from serfdom. In 1830, he moved his factories to the opposite bank of the Klyazma River, to a place that was later named Nikolsky.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Orekhovo and Zuevo were the third largest textile production regions in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The first and largest Russian strike occurred in 1885 at Morozov's textile factories in Orekhovo-Zuevo. Starting on January 7, 1885 at 10 o'clock in the morning, Vasily Volkov raised his hand and a red flag, symbolizing the victory of the workers and everyone who follows him. On the fifth day of the strike, soldiers arrived with their bayonets to arrest the leaders Volkov and F. Shelukhin, while they shouted to their comrades and brothers: “Remember, one for all and all for one!” [11] This strike lasted several weeks and gave impetus to the revolutionary movement in Russia. Sometimes abbreviated as Nut
(Russian: Orékh), walnut or
Orekhovo
(Russian: Oréhovo) aromatic brandy is often drunk to remember the sacrifices these strikers made in 1885 to rise up and improve the lives of workers around the world.[8]
The Orekhovsky Council of Workers' Deputies was one of the first elected in March 1917. Bolshevik Soviets in Russia. Six weeks later, Savva Morozov was under Soviet control in his homeland. This was six months before the Bolshevik victory in the October Revolution in Petrograd. In May 1917, a representative of the Moscow district committee of the RSDLP (b) wrote: “The masses in Orekhovo are very disciplined, following the Council of Workers’ Deputies, in which everyone is Bolshevik... The influence of this organization is such that Orekhovo is now under the dictatorship of the proletariat.”[8]
Orekhovo-Zuevo received city status on June 3, 1917.[8]
Neighboring areas[edit]
- 5004 - Voskresensk GO (w, south);
- 5027 - Ramenskoye GO (z);
- 5024 - Pavlovsky Posad GO (z);
- 5039 - Elektrogorsk GO (w,n-w);
- 5024 - Pavlovsky Posad GO (n-w);
- 3306 - Kirzhachsky MR (n-w, n);
- 3311 - Petushinsky MR (s, v);
- 5037 - Shatura GO (c);
- 5007 - Yegoryevsk GO (south-east, south).
Previous area[edit]
- 5022 - Lakes GO.
Next area[edit]
- 5024 - Pavlovsky Posad GO.
Economy
For almost two centuries, the economy of Orekhovo-Zuevo was built on the textile industry, which grew up around the textile production of Savva Vasilyevich Morozov. Cotton production in Orekhovo-Zuevo made the city Russia's third largest industrial center at the turn of the 20th century. After the Revolution of 1917, Morozov's textile factories were nationalized, receiving the name "Orekhovo-Zuevsky Cotton and Paper Mill" (Orekhovo-Zuevsky Cotton Center). Textile production continued until the 1990s, when the Soviet textile industry declined due to poor management and an inability to compete with imported fabrics that were higher quality and cheaper. Almost all production was stopped, and factory floors were turned into market squares and shopping centers.
Lists of settlements[edit]
Alphabetical list:[edit]
- - d Abramovka;
- - d Avsyunino;
- - village Avsyunino;
- — d Aksenovo;
- - d Alekseevskaya;
- - d Antsiferovo;
- — d Arinino;
- - d Astashkovo;
- — d Ashcherino;
- - village Barskaya Gora;
- — d Barskoe;
- - d Baryshevo;
- — d Bezzubovo;
- - d Beketovskaya;
- — d Belavino;
- — d Beliveau;
- - village Beliveau;
- - from Bogorodskoe;
- - Bolshaya Dubna;
- - Bolshoye Kishnevo;
- - d Botagovo;
- — d Budkovo;
- - d Byalkovo;
- — d Vantino;
- — d Vasyutino;
- — d Velino;
- — d Vereshchagino;
- - village Vereya;
- - d Top;
- — d Vlasovo;
- — d Vnukovo;
- — d Voynovo-Gora;
- — d Vysokovo;
- - d Glebovo;
- — d Mountain;
- - from Horus;
- - d Gorbachikha;
- - d Mushroom;
- — d Gridino;
- - d Gubino;
- - d Davydovo;
- - d Davydovskaya;
- - d Demikhovo;
- - d Villages;
- - village The Seconds were dear;
- — Dorofeevo;
- — Dorokhovo;
- - Drezna;
- - d Woodcutters;
- - Dubrovo;
- — d Dyldino;
- — d Elizarovo;
- - d Emelyanovo;
- - d Zavolenye;
- - d Zagryazhskaya;
- - d Zapolitsy;
- — d Zaponorye;
- - d Zaprudino;
- — d Zaputnoe;
- - d Zvorkovo;
- - Zevnevo village;
- - d Ivanishchevo;
- - d Ivantsevo;
- - d Ignatovo;
- — from Ilyinsky Pogost;
- - d Ionovo;
- - village Isaac's Lake;
- — d Kabanovo;
- - village Kabanovskaya Gora;
- - d Kamenets;
- — d Kinyaevo;
- - village Brickworks;
- — d Korovino;
- - d Korotkovo;
- - d Kostenevo;
- - d Kostino;
- - Krasnaya Dubrava;
- - d Krasnoe;
- - from Krasnoe;
- - village Rabbit farm;
- — d Kruglovo;
- — d Kudykino;
- - Kurovskoye;
- — d Lashino;
- — Likino-Dulyovo;
- — d Lopakovo;
- — d Lyshchikovo;
- - d Lyakhovo;
- - d Maksimovskaya;
- - d Malaya Dubna;
- - d Malinovo;
- - village Malinovskie Meadows;
- - Maloye Kishnevo;
- - d Malkovo;
- - d Manuilovo;
- - d Minino;
- — d Mistsevo;
- - village Mistsevo;
- - d Molokovo;
- — d Mosyagino;
- - d Nazhitsy;
- - d Nenilovo;
- — d Nesterovo;
- — d Nikulino;
- — d New;
- — d New;
- — d Novoye Titovo;
- — d Novonikolaevka;
- - d Necklaces;
- - village Ozeretsky;
- - Orekhovo-Zuevo;
- - village Orlovka;
- — d Ostrovo;
- — d Pashnevo;
- - village May Day;
- — d Petrushino;
- — d Pischevo;
- - d Pichurino;
- - d Plotava;
- - d Pominovo;
- — d Ponarino;
- - d Potochino;
- — Potochino railway station;
- - village Suburban;
- - village Priozerye;
- - village Prokudino;
- — d Ravenskaya;
- - d Radovanie;
- — d Rudino;
- - Rudne-Nikitskoye;
- - d Savinskaya;
- - d Savostyanovo;
- — d Salkovo;
- — d Selivanikha;
- — d Senkino;
- — d Sermino;
- - d Slobodishche;
- - d Smolyovo;
- — from Smolyovo;
- - village Snopok New;
- - village Snopok Old;
- - d Sobolevo;
- - d Sofryakovo;
- - d Old;
- - d Starovo;
- — d Staroe Titovo;
- - d Starskaya;
- - d Stary Pokrov;
- — d Stenino;
- - d Stepanovka;
- - d Stolbunovo;
- - d Teperki;
- - Terenkovo village;
- — d Timonino;
- - village Poplar;
- - d Trusovo;
- - Ustyanovo;
- — d Fedorovo;
- — d Fedotovo;
- - Filippovo;
- - village Fokino;
- — d Khalturino;
- - village Coniferous;
- - with Hoteichi;
- — d Tsaplino;
- — d Clean;
- - village Clean;
- — d Chichevo;
- - Chukaevo;
- - village Shevlyagino;
- — d Shcherbinino;
- - Shchetinovo;
- - village Pike Lake;
- — d Yurkino;
- — d Yuryatino;
- - d Ulcers;
- - d Yakovlevo;
- - d Yakovlevskaya.
Lists by type:[edit]
- — Cities:
— Drezna; - — Kurovskoe;
- — Likino-Dulyovo;
- — Orekhovo-Zuevo;
- — Abramovka;
- — Potochino;
- — Avsyunino;
- - Bogorodskoe;
Sports
Football Association
The city is home to Russia's oldest national football team. The first football team in Orekhovo-Zuevo was organized by the vice-president of the Moscow Football League, Briton G.G. Charnock. He played under different names. In the early years it was known as the “Morozovtsy” (named after the Morozov family, which owned a textile production in the city). During Soviet times, the team played under the name Znamya Truda (lit. Banner of Labor
). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the team was bought by Spartak Moscow and became one of the Spartak farms, known as Spartak-Orekhovo. In 2003, the team again changed its name to “Banner of Labor”.
In 1962, Znamya Truda reached the final of the USSR Cup, losing 0:2 to Shakhtar Donetsk.
In the 2007 season, Znamya Truda played in the central zone of the second division.
Gymnastics
Olympic medalist and European junior champion Anna Pavlova was born in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
Badminton
Orekhovo-Zuevo is famous for its badminton school. The city usually hosts All-Russian badminton championships.
Athletic facilities
The city has three sports and football stadiums: “Znamya Truda”, “Torpedo” and “Khimik”.
The Neptune swimming complex is adjacent to the Znamya Truda stadium. The pool has 25-meter lanes.
The new facility of the Vostok sports complex was opened in 2007 by Boris Gromov, the then governor of the Moscow region.
Geography
It borders on the urban districts of Pavlovsky Posad and Elektrogorsk in the west, Yegoryevsk in the south, Shatura in the east, as well as Voskresensky and Ramensky urban districts in the southwest. In the north there is a border with the Petushinsky district of the Vladimir region.
Relief
The geology of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky site is formed on the Meshcherskaya lacustrine-glacial lowland plain. The relief has hills alternating with depressions and a decline towards Klyazma. The lowlands fill with water and form lakes and swamps. Peat deposits are widespread. The soils are soddy-podzolic, gray and fertile in the southwest. The area is marshy and rich in forests.
Hydrography
On the territory of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky urban district flows the Klyazma River, its numerous tributaries: Vyrka, Drezna, Senga, Bolshaya Dubna and its tributaries Malaya Dubna, Safonikha and Mysovka. The Moscow River basin includes the Nerskaya rivers and its tributaries Guslitsa, Volnaya, Ponor and Obot. There are lakes Mechta, Eight, Amazon, Isaac, the Gorsky reservoir and the Golden Sands quarry.
Climate
The climate is moderate continental. The average temperature in January is −10, −11 C. Winter is snowy, uneven, with slight frosts. In warm winters, the temperature can rise to +3 C, in cold winters it drops to −19 C, and sometimes drops to −30 C below zero. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 80 centimeters. The average temperature in July is +18 C. Summer is warm, with heavy showers and thunderstorms. The amount of precipitation ranges from 550 to 450 millimeters. 25-30% of precipitation occurs in winter.
Famous people
- Ivan Babushkin (1873–1906), revolutionary
- Konstantin Belikov (1909–1987), football defender and referee
- Mikhail Biryukov (born 1958), association football player
- Vladimir Bondarenko (1915–1943), Hero of the Soviet Union, partisan.
- Mikhail Fedonkin (born 1946), paleontologist
- Yakov Flier (1912–1977), pianist
- Yuri Kovalev (1934–1979), association footballer
- Leonid Krasin (1870–1926), Soviet figure.
- Yuri Kurnenin (1954–2009), association football manager
- Alexander Melnikov (1930–2011), politician
- Savva Morozov (1862–1905), textile worker
- Anna Pavlova (born 1987), Olympic gymnast
- Alexey Pichugin (born 1962), businessman
- Viktor Sukhorukov (born 1951), actor
- Korniliy (Titov) (born 1947), metropolitan bishop of the Old Believer Orthodox Church.
- Alexander Uvarov (born 1960), football player and coach
- Valentin Yanin (born 1929), historian
- Venedikt Erofeev (1938–1990), writer
- Sergei Zimin (1875–1942), entrepreneur and opera manager
