Not to be confused with
Starooskolsky district Starooskolsky district Starooskolsky urban district
- an administrative-territorial unit (district)[4], within the boundaries of which, instead of the abolished municipal district of the same name (including the city of Stary Oskol)[5], a municipal entity was formed
Stary Oskol city district
[6] in the Belgorod region of Russia.
Story
The district was formed in 1928 from part of the territory of Starooskolsky district. Initially it was included in the Voronezh district of the Central Black Earth Region (CChO). In 1929-1930 it was part of the Stary Oskol district; the city of Stary Oskol was also the administrative center of the district. After the abolition of the districts in 1930, the Stary Oskolsky district came under direct subordination to the regional center of the Central Black Sea Region (the city of Voronezh). In 1934, when the Central Black Sea Region was divided into Kursk and Voronezh regions, the area was assigned to the Kursk region. In 1954 the area was transferred to the newly formed Belgorod region.
In the 1990s, a municipal formation was created on the territory of the district, which in the late 1990s - early 2000s had the name “City of Stary Oskol and Starooskolsky District”, during the municipal reform it was given the status of a municipal district with the formation of 1 urban settlement (Stary Oskol) and 18 rural settlements (Arkhangelskoye, Vladimirovskoye, Gorodishchenskoye, Dmitrievskoye rural, Dolgopolyanskoye, Znamenskoye, Kazachanskoye, Kotovskoye, Krutovskoye, Lapyginskoye, Ozerskoye, Peschanskoye, Potudanskoye, Rogovatovskoye, Soldatskoye, Sorokinskoye, Fedoseevskoye, Shatalovskoye) [7 ].
On September 7, 2007, in accordance with the Law of the Belgorod Region No. 138[8], all municipalities that were part of the Starooskolsky district were united into the Starooskolsky urban district
.
Physiographic characteristics
The favorable geographical location and climatic features contributed to the transformation of a medium-sized city into a rapidly developing industrial center.
Relief
Stary Oskol is located in the southern part of the East European Plain. Although the region rises above the southern regions of the Belgorod region, there are no prominent mountain ranges with their own names.
The relief is dominated by elevated plains, the relative height of which does not exceed 100-120 m. The gentle hills are intersected by a network of gullies and ravines of erosive origin. The depth of the most famous ravines (Dolgiy Yar, Dmitrievsky Yar, Nagolny Log, Bolshaya Plota) does not exceed 15-25 m.
The entire territory of the region is crossed by river valleys, with deep watersheds and a constant flow of water. The absolute height of the watersheds of the Oskol River reaches 262 m, the remaining 9 rivers have shallower channels, and numerous small rivulets are more like streams. The waters of most of them are absorbed by the Oskol Reservoir.
Lenin Street, Stary Oskol
A feature of the landscape is large-scale deposits of chalk karst, with characteristic shallow sinkholes, caves and karst springs. These forms are observed in geological outcrops on the slopes of ravines, gullies, river valleys, and quarry walls.
Climate
Stary Oskol is located in a zone of temperate continental climate, with warm, long summers and snowy, relatively cold winters.
The cold season begins in mid-November and lasts until March 15-20. The average daily temperature does not exceed -2-5 °C; the coldest month is January with an average temperature of -4-10 °C.
Frost and snowfalls alternate with prolonged thaws, but due to the high humidity, even slight cold causes discomfort. Moreover, in February there are often strong winds with an average speed of 16-20 km/h.
Summer in Stary Oskol begins at the end of May and lasts until the first ten days of September. In July-August, daytime temperatures can rise to +23+26 °C, at night +12+15 °C. By mid-September it gets colder to +18+13 °C, rare summer rains give way to prolonged downpours.
The best time for walking and sightseeing is considered to be from mid-June to the end of August. At this time, clear sunny weather is combined with a comfortable, refreshing wind and warm river water.
Population
| Population | ||||||
| 2002[9] | 2008 | 2009[10] | 2010[11] | 2011[12] | 2012[13] | 2013[14] |
| 35 063 | ↗255 500 | ↗256 317 | ↗256 542 | ↘256 406 | ↗256 523 | ↗257 056 |
| 2014[15] | 2015[16] | 2016[3] | ||||
| ↗257 128 | ↗257 948 | ↗258 746 | ||||
As of 2008, 255.5 thousand residents lived in the Stary Oskol urban district. 86% of the population lived in the city of Stary Oskol. The population density was 150.9 people per 1 km².
Economy and standard of living
Stary Oskol is located in an area known for its richest reserves of ore and non-metallic minerals. The basis of economic well-being is a large ferrous metallurgy complex, created on the basis of the iron ores of the Kursk magnetic anomaly basin. In addition to the mining industry, the city has developed metalworking, mechanical engineering, and the production of building materials.
Oskol Metallurgical Engineering Plant (OZMM)
Valuable black soil lands ensure the development of the agro-industrial complex. In the vicinity of Stary Oskol, large volumes of sugar beets, sunflowers and grain crops are grown. Small agricultural enterprises are united into large agricultural holdings that organize processing and marketing of products. Private farms are gradually developing, concentrated in the suburban area.
In total, more than 37 industrial enterprises operate in the city, which is about 40% of the production capacity of the Belgorod region:
| Industry | Company | Main products |
| Ferrous metallurgy | Oskol Metallurgical Engineering Plant (OZMM) | Spare parts for mining and metallurgical equipment |
| CarbonGroup | Production of non-metallic mineral products | |
| Mining | Stoilensky Mining and Processing Plant | Production of iron ore raw materials, crushed stone and natural sand |
| Stoilenskoye iron ore deposit | Development of ferruginous quartzites and shales | |
| Mechanical engineering | Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant | Long products for Lada, Mercedes, Volkswagen, Renault, Ford cars |
| Automotive Equipment Plant named after. A.M. Mamonova | Automotive electrical equipment, electrical appliances | |
| Construction Materials | Construction Industry LLC | Construction of residential and industrial buildings, own woodworking production |
| OSCOLPLAST LLC | Molded plastics, polyurethane products, composite materials, 3D printing | |
| LLC "Gofropak-Slavyanka" | Corrugated cardboard packaging, printing | |
| Agrocomplex | Agro | Growing grains, legumes and oilseeds |
| APK PROMAGRO LLC | Dairy cattle breeding, pig farm, meat and food by-products production | |
| Stoilenskaya Niva Corporation | Production of flour, pasta, animal feed, bread and confectionery products | |
| Food industry | Confectionery plant "Slavyanka" | Production of confectionery, sweets, desserts |
| Avida Holding | Dairy and fermented milk products, cheeses, baby food |
In Stary Oskol, social infrastructure and services are constantly being improved:
- Child development is provided by 35 secondary schools, music and art schools
- Boys and girls from Stary Oskol can get a profession in 9 city colleges or 6 branches of the country's leading universities.
- Over the past decades, a Water Sports Palace, 2 indoor stadiums, 10 swimming pools and themed sports complexes have been opened.
- 3 Palaces of Culture, cinemas, 8 thematic museums and 14 district libraries contribute to the harmonious development.
- For family recreation, there is a city zoo, the Iliny dendrological park and entertainment centers.
Territorial division
The Stary Oskol urban district includes the city of Stary Oskol and 19 rural areas[17]:
- Arkhangelskaya
- Vladimirovskaya
- Gorodishchenskaya
- Dmitrievskaya
- Dolgopolyanskaya
- Znamenskaya
- Kotovskaya
- Kazachanskaya
- Lapyginskaya
- Neznamovskaya
- Obukhovskaya
- Ozerskaya
- Peschanskaya
- Potudanskaya
- Rogovatovskaya
- Soldatskaya
- Sorokinskaya
- Fedoseevskaya
- Shatalovskaya
Until September 7, 2007, the municipal district included 19 municipalities:
- 1 urban settlement Stary Oskol,
|
|
Notable natives
- Eroshenko, Vasily Yakovlevich - Russian, Soviet Esperantist, symbolist writer, poet, linguist, teacher.
- Nasedkin, Filipp Ivanovich (1909-1990) - writer, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR.
- Prokudin, Alexey Nikolaevich (1915-1989) - major, Hero of the Soviet Union.
- Stepanov, Ivan Ivanovich (1902-1965) - Soviet military leader. Major General (1942).
- Tebekin, Pavel Dorofeevich - Hero of the Soviet Union.
- Chernykh, Grigory Kuzmich (1898-1961) - major general, military commissar of Moscow during the Second World War.
- Chesnokov, Dmitry Ivanovich - Soviet scientist-philosopher, party leader.
- Erdenko, Mikhail Gavrilovich - Soviet violinist, teacher, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
Notes
- from the point of view of the administrative-territorial structure
- from the point of view of the municipal structure
- ↑ 12
www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016 - [docs.cntd.ru/document/469024333 Law of the Belgorod Region “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Belgorod Region”]
- instead of the municipal district “City of Stary Oskol and Starooskolsky District”.
- [docs.cntd.ru/document/469033697 Charter of the Stary Oskol City District]
- LAW of the Belgorod Region of December 20, 2004 N 159 “ON ESTABLISHING THE BORDERS OF MUNICIPAL UNITS AND ALLOWING THEM THE STATUS OF A CITY, RURAL SETTLEMENT, CITY DISTRICT, MUNICIPAL DISTRICT.” “Belgorod News”, N 218-220, 12/24/2004; N 222-225, 12/28/2004.
- [zakon-region.ru/belgorodskaya-oblast/13627 Law of the Belgorod Region dated 09/07/2007 N 138 (as amended on 03/28/2008) “On the unification of settlements included in the municipal district “City of Stary Oskol and Starooskolsky District”, and the allocation newly formed municipal entity with the status of an urban district"]
- [w[www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls All-Russian Population Census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more][w[www.webcitation.org/65AdCU0q3 Archived from the original source February 3, 2012]/li>
- [w[www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/B09_109/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d01/tabl-21-09.xls Number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009] Verified January 2, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6MJmu0z1u Archived from the original on January 2, 2014]/li>
- [b[belg.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/belg/resources/eab54e804ff0fbbca305efd8c740ec4f/pub-01-15.pdf All-Russian Population Census 2010. Belgorod region. 15. Non-population of urban and rural settlements] Retrieved August 15, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6ItkEdvFz Archived from the original on August 15, 2013]/li>
- www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst14/DBInet.cgi?pl=8112027 Estimation of the resident population as of January 1, 2011
- [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2012/bul_dr/mun_obr2012.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012] Retrieved May 31, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6PyOWbdMc Archived from the original May 31, 2014]/li>
- [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2013/bul_dr/mun_obr2013.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements)] Retrieved November 16, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6LAdCWSxH Archived from the original on November 16, 2013]/ li>
- [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2014/bul_dr/mun_obr2014.rar Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014] Retrieved August 2, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6RWqP50QK Archived from the original source August 2, 2014]/li>
- [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2015/bul_dr/mun_obr2015.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015] Retrieved August 6, 2015. [w[www.webcitation.org/6aaNzOlFO Archived from the original source 6 August 2015]/li>
- [8[82.151.116.102/index.php?option=com_content&task=category§ionid=23&id=63&Itemid=297 19 rural areas of Stary Oskol urban district]li>
Cultural characteristics
Stary Oskol has not turned into a faceless industrial city; here the recognizable historical atmosphere is complemented by modern museums, numerous parks and cultural sites.
Monuments
A walk around Stary Oskol begins from the historical center, on the streets of which buildings built in the 19th century have been preserved. mansions:
- The city theater for children and youth operates in a two-story red brick building, built in 1900 with funds from the merchant community. Before the revolution, a religious school was located in the mansion.
- The local history museum is housed in a bright yellow three-story mansion topped with a red roof with a high dome. Until 1917, the house belonged to the family of a wealthy merchant Likhushin.
- The administration of the Slavyanka confectionery factory is located in a building with unusual architecture, built at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The house is distinguished by its asymmetry, lack of straight lines and plant-themed decoration of the facades. Until 1917, the building was part of the factory of the merchant Dyakov.
The confectionery factory “Slavyanka”
Stary Oskol is located in the places of brutal bloody battles of the Great Patriotic War. In memory of the valiant past, more than 15 monuments were erected in the city, the oldest of which, “Mass Grave of Soviet Soldiers No. 1,” was opened in 1942.
Religious buildings
The central streets of the city are decorated with the domes of numerous temples and churches, the history of which can be traced back to the beginning of the 18th century.
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Although many of them have been partially rebuilt and reconstructed, original architectural details and shrines have been preserved.
- The Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity is located on the southeastern bank of the river, in the historical Streletskaya Sloboda. The building of the oldest surviving church in the region was built in 1730. In the first half of the 19th century, a chapel was erected in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.
- The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross has been known since 1787. After reconstruction in 1805, the wooden church in the shape of a ship was rebuilt and turned into a stone church in the shape of a multilateral cross. The wooden iconostasis from the first church has been preserved.
- The stone temple of the Prophet Elijah was built in 1872 at the expense of the residents of Yamskaya Sloboda. The wooden gilded iconostasis, decorated with carvings with floral patterns, has been preserved.
- The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is located on the territory of the Gumny settlement. The temple with a three-tiered bell tower was built in a mixed Greco-Russian style, with arched window openings and wooden carvings.
Natural attractions
Although Stary Oskol is a mining and metallurgical center, the surrounding area of the city is considered one of the most environmentally friendly industrial areas in the country.
The city has many landscaped parks and squares; the development is combined with preserved forest areas and natural recreational areas. Among the most visited are the Polovskaya forest, the Terekhovskaya Pine tract, the Frequent Oak Forest, and the Ublinskie Mountains.
The Ilyiny Arboretum Park and the Gornyashka Urochishche recreational area in the northwestern part of the city are classified as specially protected natural areas; their visits may be limited. On the banks of Oskol there are picturesque recreation centers with swimming pools, a Russian bathhouse, restaurants and picnic areas.
Dendrological Park "Ilyiny"
In addition to official attractions, the city has many places for active leisure: the TenHouse tennis club, a karting center, bowling alleys and a golf club.
The life of Stary Oskol is in constant dynamics, because it is at the same time a large industrial center of the country and a cozy, socially oriented provincial town.
An excerpt characterizing the Starooskolsky district
“Catiche a fait donner du the dans le petit salon,” said Prince Vasily to Anna Mikhailovna. – Allez, ma pauvre Anna Mikhailovna, prenez quelque сhose, autrement vous ne suffirez pas. [[Katish ordered tea to be served in the small living room. You should go, poor Anna Mikhailovna, strengthen yourself, otherwise you won’t be enough.] He didn’t say anything to the ierre, he just shook his hand with feeling below the shoulder. Pierre and Anna Mikhailovna went to the petit salon. [[small living room.] II n'y a rien qui restaure, comme une tasse de cet excellent the russe apres une nuit blanche, [[Nothing restores you after a sleepless night like a cup of this excellent Russian tea.] said Lorrain with expression restrained animation, sipping from a thin, handleless Chinese cup, standing in a small round living room in front of a table on which stood a tea set and a cold dinner. Everyone who was in the house of Count Bezukhy that night gathered around the table to reinforce their strength. Pierre remembered well this small round living room, with mirrors and small tables. During balls in the count's house, Pierre, who did not know how to dance, loved to sit in this small mirror and watch how ladies in ball gowns, diamonds and pearls on their bare shoulders, passing through this room, looked at themselves in the brightly lit mirrors, repeating several times their reflections. Now the same room was barely lit by two candles, and in the middle of the night, on one small table, a tea set and dishes stood randomly, and various, non-festive people, talking in whispers, sat in it, with every movement, every word showing that no one forgets even that what is happening now and still has to happen in the bedroom. Pierre did not eat, although he really wanted to. He looked questioningly at his leader and saw that she was tiptoeing out again into the reception room, where Prince Vasily remained with the eldest princess. Pierre believed that this too was so necessary, and, after hesitating a little, he followed her. Anna Mikhailovna stood next to the princess, and both of them said at the same time in an excited whisper: “Let me, princess, know what is needed and what is unnecessary,” said the princess, apparently in the same excited state in which she was at that time as she slammed the door to her room. “But, dear princess,” Anna Mikhailovna said meekly and convincingly, blocking the way from the bedroom and not letting the princess in, “wouldn’t this be too hard for poor uncle at such moments when he needs rest?” At such moments, talking about worldly things, when his soul has already been prepared... Prince Vasily sat on a chair, in his familiar pose, crossing his legs high. His cheeks jumped up and down and seemed thicker at the bottom; but he had the appearance of a man who was not much occupied with the conversation between the two ladies. – Voyons, ma bonne Anna Mikhailovna, laissez faire Catiche. [[Leave Katya to do what she knows.]you know how the Count loves her. “I don’t even know what’s in this paper,” said the princess, turning to Prince Vasily and pointing to the mosaic briefcase she was holding in her hands. “I only know that the real will is in his office, and this is a forgotten paper...” She wanted to get around Anna Mikhailovna, but Anna Mikhailovna, jumping up, again blocked her way. “I know, dear, kind princess,” said Anna Mikhailovna, clutching the briefcase with her hand so tightly that it was clear that she would not let him go soon. - Dear princess, I ask you, I beg you, have pity on him. Je vous en conjure... [[I beg you...]Nanny was silent. The only sounds that could be heard were the struggle for the briefcase. It was clear that if she spoke, she would not speak in a flattering manner for Anna Mikhailovna. Anna Mikhailovna held him tightly, but despite that, her voice retained all its sweet viscousness and softness. - Pierre, come here, my friend. I think that he is not superfluous in the family council: isn’t it, prince? - Why are you silent, mon cousin? - the princess suddenly screamed so loudly that in the living room they heard and were afraid of her voice. – Why are you silent when here God knows who allows themselves to interfere and make scenes on the threshold of the dying man’s room. Schemer! – she whispered angrily and pulled the briefcase with all her might. But Anna Mikhailovna took a few steps to keep up with the briefcase and grabbed her hand. - Oh! - said Prince Vasily reproachfully and in surprise. He got up. - C'est ridicule. Voyons, [[This is funny. Come on, stop. I'm telling you. The princess let me in. - And you! Anna Mikhailovna did not listen to him. - Let me in, I tell you. I take everything upon myself. I'll go and ask him. I...enough of this for you. - Mais, mon prince, [[But, prince,] said Anna Mikhailovna, “after such a great sacrament, give him a moment of peace.” Here, Pierre, tell me your opinion,” she turned to the young man, who, right up to them, looked in surprise at the embittered face of the princess, which had lost all decency, and at the jumping cheeks of Prince Vasily. “Remember that you will be responsible for all the consequences,” said Prince Vasily sternly, “you don’t know what you are doing.” - Vile woman! - the princess screamed, suddenly rushing at Anna Mikhailovna and snatching the briefcase. Prince Vasily lowered his head and spread his arms. At that moment the door, that terrible door that Pierre had been looking at for so long and which had been opening so quietly, quickly and noisily swung back, slamming against the wall, and the middle princess ran out of there and clasped her hands. - What are you doing! – she said desperately. – II s'en va et vous me laissez seule. [[He dies, and you leave me alone.]The eldest princess dropped her briefcase. Anna Mikhailovna quickly bent down and, picking up the controversial item, ran into the bedroom. The eldest princess and Prince Vasily, having come to their senses, followed her. A few minutes later, the eldest princess was the first to emerge from there, with a pale and dry face and a bitten lower lip. At the sight of Pierre, her face expressed uncontrollable anger. “Yes, rejoice now,” she said, “you have been waiting for this.” And, bursting into tears, she covered her face with a handkerchief and ran out of the room. Prince Vasily came out for the princess. He staggered to the sofa where Pierre was sitting and fell on it, covering his eyes with his hand. Pierre noticed that he was pale and that his lower jaw was jumping and shaking, as if in a feverish trembling. - Ah, my friend! - he said, taking Pierre by the elbow; and in his voice there was a sincerity and weakness that Pierre had never noticed in him before. – How much do we sin, how much do we deceive, and all for what? I’m in my sixties, my friend... After all, for me... Everything will end in death, that’s it. Death is terrible. - He cried. Anna Mikhailovna was the last to leave. She approached Pierre with quiet, slow steps. “Pierre!...” she said. Pierre looked at her questioningly. She kissed the young man's forehead, moistening it with her tears. She paused. – II n'est plus... [[He was gone...]ier looked at her through his glasses. - Allons, je vous reconduirai. Tachez de pleurer. Rien ne soulage, comme les larmes. [[Come on, I'll take you with you. Try to cry: nothing makes it easier than tears.] She led him into the dark living room and Pierre was glad that no one there saw his face. Anna Mikhailovna left him, and when she returned, he, with his hand under his head, was fast asleep. The next morning Anna Mikhailovna said to Pierre: “Oui, mon cher, c’est une grande perte pour nous tous.” Je ne parle pas de vous. Mais Dieu vous soutndra, vous etes jeune et vous voila a la tete d'une immense fortune, je l'espere. Le testament n'a pas ete encore ouvert. Je vous connais assez pour savoir que cela ne vous tourienera pas la tete, mais cela vous impose des devoirs, et il faut etre homme. [[Yes, my friend, this is a great loss for all of us, not to mention you. But God will support you, you are young, and now you are, I hope, the owner of enormous wealth. The will has not yet been opened. I know you well enough and I am sure that this will not turn your head; but this imposes responsibilities on you; and you have to be a man.]ier was silent. – Peut etre plus tard je vous dirai, mon cher, que si je n'avais pas ete la, Dieu sait ce qui serait arrive. Vous savez, mon oncle avant hier encore me promettait de ne pas oublier Boris. Mais il n'a pas eu le temps. J'espere, mon cher ami, que vous remplirez le desir de votre pere. [[Afterwards, maybe I’ll tell you that if I hadn’t been there, God knows what would have happened. You know that the other day my uncle promised me not to forget Boris, but he didn’t have time. I hope, my friend, you will fulfill your father’s wish.] The yer, not understanding anything and silently, blushing shyly, looked at Princess Anna Mikhailovna. After talking with Pierre, Anna Mikhailovna went to the Rostovs and went to bed. Waking up in the morning, she told the Rostovs and all her friends the details of the death of Count Bezukhy. She said that the count died the way she wanted to die, that his end was not only touching, but also edifying; The last meeting between father and son was so touching that she could not remember him without tears, and that she does not know who behaved better in these terrible moments: the father, who remembered everything and everyone in such a way in the last minutes and such Touching words were spoken to his son, or Pierre, whom it was a pity to see how he was killed and how, despite this, he tried to hide his sadness so as not to upset his dying father. “C'est penible, mais cela fait du bien; ca eleve l'ame de voir des hommes, comme le vieux comte et son digne fils,” [[It’s hard, but it’s saving; the soul rises when you see people like the old count and his worthy son, she said. She also spoke about the actions of the princess and Prince Vasily, not approving of them, but in great secrecy and in a whisper.
