Pereslavl-Zalessky sights and history.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is a regional center in the Yaroslavl region, located halfway along the highway from Moscow to Yaroslavl. The city is part of the “Golden Ring of Russia” and is widely known thanks to its numerous monuments of ancient architecture. Pereslavl-Zalessky is one of the oldest cities in Central Russia. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152. For a number of years, Pereslavl was the capital of a vast principality. The outstanding statesman and commander Alexander Nevsky was born, lived and reigned here. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Pereslavl principality became part of the Moscow principality. The further fate of Pereslavl is closely connected with the fate of Moscow.

Pereslavl-Zalessky history.

The city was repeatedly ravaged by enemy troops, burned, but was rebuilt and strengthened again. The Great Dukes and Tsars Ivan III, Vasily III, and Ivan the Terrible visited Pereslavl more than once, and at times even lived. According to their decrees, fortifications and temples were erected in the city and its environs. In 1612, a militia under the leadership of Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky stopped in Pereslavl. At the end of the 17th century, near Pereslavl on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, the young Tsar Peter I began building the so-called “amusing flotilla”, which laid the foundation for the Russian navy.

History of Pereslavl-Zalessky

The predecessor of Pereslavl-Zalessky was the city of Kleshchin, located on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. From it, the earthen ramparts of Detinets, the former settlement - the village of Gorodishche and the ancient temple - partly natural, partly Alexandrova Mountain, have been preserved to this day. It was a large settlement of the Finno-Ugric Merya tribe or, according to some researchers, the center of Slavic colonization in the Merya region. It is not known exactly when Kleshchin appeared. The prosperity of the city was facilitated by its advantageous position near Lake Pleshcheevo, rich in fish, and on the ancient water-drawn trade route “from the Varangians to the Arabs.”

♦ Read more: Where did Pereslavl-Zalessky come from: the ancient settlement of Kleshchin, Alexandrova Mountain and Sin-Kamen

Earthen ramparts of the Kleshchin settlement near Pereslavl-Zalessky

In 1152, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky moved the village to a flat, marshy area on the Trubezh River. What prompted the prince to make this decision is not entirely clear. Dolgoruky, who encouraged the resettlement of people from densely populated South-Western Rus' to North-Eastern Rus', often gave old names to new settlements. The new city was named Pereyaslavl in honor of Pereyaslavl-Russian (currently Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky, a city of regional significance in the Kyiv region, Ukraine). To distinguish it from Pereyaslavl-Russian, they began to add the definition “Zalessky”. By the 15th century, the name Pereslavl-Zalessky was assigned to it.

Zalesye is part of Opole, a region favorable for agriculture and protected from enemies by dense forests, the cradle and source of wealth of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. The soils of Pereslavl Opole near Pereslavl-Zalessky were especially rich in humus, for which they were often compared to Ukrainian black soils.

♦ Read more: Opole - the cradle of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'

As the Tver Chronicle reports,

Then Prince George was in Suzdal, and God opened his wiser eyes to the church building, and erected many churches throughout the Suzdal country, and the church erected a stone on the Nerl, the holy martyr Boris and Gleb, and the holy Savior in Suzdal, and St. George in Volodymeri I built a stone, and Pereslavl transferred the city from Kleshlenia, and laid a great city, and a church in it was built with stone in honor of the Holy Savior, and filled with books and wondrous relics of the saints, and I founded the city of St. George, and in it a church was built with stone in honor of the holy martyr George.

In terms of size, ancient Pereyaslavl-Zalessky was comparable to Vladimir: the length of its ramparts reached 2.5 km. Only Kyiv and Smolensk were bigger than him. In 1152, under Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, the white-stone Transfiguration Cathedral was founded in the Pereyaslav Kremlin, completed under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1157. Along with the Church of Boris and Gleb in Kideksha, it is the oldest white-stone cathedral in North-Eastern Rus' and testifies to the capital status of the city.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral and bust of Yuri Dolgoruky on Red Square of the Pereslavl Kremlin

In 1194, the son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Vsevolod the Big Nest, rebuilt the walls and towers of the Pereslavl Kremlin, turning it into the second most powerful fortress of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' after the Vladimir Kremlin.

Earthen ramparts of the Pereslavl Kremlin

The ancient Pereyaslavl Kremlin was surrounded on all sides by water: the Trubezh River, the Murmazh River (filled up) and the man-made Grobleya ditch (to this day only a pond remains of it). The height of the fortress ramparts reached 16 meters (in our days - 10-12 meters), the width at the base was about 30 meters, the width along the ridge was about 6 meters. Inside the shaft there are oak and aspen log houses placed in a row. Along the crest of the rampart there were double wooden fortresses with a gallery and watchtowers.

Earthen ramparts of the Pereslavl Kremlin

On the northern outskirts of Pereslavl-Zalessky, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, the Nikitsky Monastery arose. According to legend, its founder was the noble Prince Boris, Gleb’s brother. During the time of Yuri Dolgoruky, a native of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, the Rev. Nikita the Stylite, labored here.

Nikitsky Monastery in Pereslavl-Zalessky

In 1220 (according to updated data, in 1221) Prince Alexander Nevsky was born in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. In 1225, in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior, Bishop of Suzdal St. Simon conducted the ceremony of consecrating him as a soldier. According to popular legend, in 1240, Alexander Nevsky, expelled by the Novgorodians, settled in the princely chambers on Yarilina Mountain near Kleshchin, where in pagan times the temple of the god Yarila was located. Now this place began to be called Alexander Mountain.

Alexandrova mountain

In 1238, the Tatars, having devastated Vladimir, took Pereyaslavl after a five-day siege. In 2016, archaeologists discovered a mass grave in the city center of people who died during the Horde raid. The city was devastated more than once, both by the Horde and the Russian princes, but each time it was revived. The wooden Kremlin walls were renovated several times.

After the death of Prince Ivan Dmitrievich in 1302, Pereyaslavl, according to his will, became part of the Moscow principality. From that time on, it was ruled by Moscow governors or “fed” by visiting princes. In the fall of 1374, a meeting of Russian princes and boyars, organized by the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich (Donskoy), took place in Pereyaslavl, where the issue of liberating Rus' from the Horde yoke was discussed for the first time.

In the XII-XVI centuries, a whole ring of monasteries arose around Pereslavl-Zalessky: the already mentioned ancient Nikitsky Monastery, Goritsky Assumption Monastery, Feodorovsky Convent, St. Nicholas Convent, Boris and Gleb Monastery (not preserved), Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery and others. In 1585, in the Pereslavl Kremlin, on the site of an older wooden church, the tented church of Peter the Metropolitan was erected.

Church of Peter the Metropolitan

In the 14th-16th centuries, Pereslavl-Zalessky, which became the patrimony of the Moscow princes, supplied fish to the court, including the famous “Pereslavl herrings” - vendace from Lake Pleshcheevo (it can be seen on the coat of arms and flag of Pereslavl-Zalessky). At the mouth of the Trubezh River, the Rybnaya Sloboda (Fishermen) arose; on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, the Church of the Forty Martyrs (Sevastian) was erected, rebuilt in 1775 in stone.

♦ On the topic: Lake Pleshcheyevo, Rybnaya Sloboda and vendace

Exposition “Cool Place”, dedicated to Rybnaya Sloboda, museum “Boat of Peter I”. In the center of the hall there is a log boat made of two hollowed out tree trunks, which was used to navigate the upper reaches of the Trubezh River and other shallow rivers.

Moscow princes and tsars regularly traveled to Pereslavl-Zalessky on pilgrimage, and royal hunts were organized in the surrounding forests. In 1557, at the entrance to Pereslavl-Zalessky, the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty was born - Fyodor Ioannovich, the son of Ivan IV the Terrible and Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yuryeva; in the 17th century, the memorial chapel “Cross” was erected on this site.

Chapel "Cross"

The Time of Troubles caused serious damage to the city. In 1608, Pereslavl-Zalessky was captured by the Poles; on September 1, 1609, it was liberated by the troops of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky. In 1611, the Kremlin withstood the assault of Hetman Sapieha.

In 1659, the Sretensky Novodevichy Convent was founded on the territory of the Pereslavl Kremlin, the main buildings of which were erected in the 1740s. The monastery existed until 1764, then both of its churches - the Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the Church of Alexander Nevsky - were converted into parish ones. The bell tower and walls, with the exception of a small section, were destroyed in the 1930s.

Temple of Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Cathedral

In 1666, new wooden walls with twelve watchtowers were erected in the Pereslavl Kremlin. In 1759 they were dismantled due to dilapidation and were no longer renewed as unnecessary.

In 1688, the young Tsar Peter chose Lake Pleshcheyevo to create an amusing flotilla here. On Mount Gremyach, wooden royal mansions, a church and a business courtyard were erected. On May 1, 1692, the amusing flotilla was launched. Her appearance was greeted with a salvo of cannons, heralding the birth of the Russian fleet. Since then they have said: “The sails of all Russia are reflected in the waters of Lake Pleshcheevo.” In 1783, all the ships of Peter the Great's flotilla, with the exception of the boat "Fortune", burned down. In 1803, the Boat of Peter I museum was opened on Mount Gremyach, which became the first provincial museum in Russia.

♦ Read more: Museum "Boat of Peter I" in Pereslavl-Zalessky

Boat of Peter I “Fortune”

In the 18th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky turned into a quiet city as part of the Moscow, then Vladimir province. Today it is the administrative center of the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region.

Pavlovs' estate, mid-19th - early 20th century, now the building of the Administration of the Pereslavl municipal district

Pereslavl flavor Rostov street and the Church of Simeon the Stylite

Pereslavl-Zalessky history.

In 1283, on the high left bank of the Volga, a fortress city was founded, named by Romanov. According to one version, its founder was the Uglich prince Roman Vladimirovich, who reigned from 1261 to 1285. Opposite the Borisoglebskaya Sloboda, he noticed the advantageous position of one of the hills, near which there were transports across the Volga and roads leading to the Trans-Volga north, rich in sables, flax, and honey, converged.

Nikolsky Monastery

Founded in 1350 , named after St. Nicholas the Wonderworker . It was originally a monastery, but over time the number of monks dried up, and in 1899 it was decided to change course. So the St. Nicholas Monastery became a women's monastery.

The main temple of the monastery was the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1680-1721) . But, with the coming to power of his comrades, it was blown up in a comradely manner 1923 Not a bad evolution for a religious building. In 1999-2003 , a new one was erected on the foundation of the old cathedral, which had nothing in common with the previous one except the foundation.

The main shrine is the Korsun cross with particles of the relics of many saints. 10 such crosses , and they date back the 10th century.

Nikolsky Monastery in Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky in the XVIII-XIX centuries.

In the 18th century, the first manufactories appeared in the city, and stone residential, commercial and industrial buildings were built. The last century has changed Pereslavl little. Situated off the road, the city grew slowly and hardly developed. At the end of the 19th century, the first strikes took place in Pereslavl factories - the revolutionary struggle of workers began. Today's Pereslavl-Zalessky is the regional center of the Yaroslavl region, a city of chemists and textile workers. On the outskirts of the city, blocks of new multi-storey buildings grew, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, and nurseries were built.

Recommendations

Notes

1. ^ a b c d f g gram
   Law No. 12-z
2. Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Yaroslavl region. Yaroslavl region in numbers 2012. Brief statistical collection Archived May 17, 2022 Wayback Machine (in Russian)
3. ^ a b
   Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (2011).
   “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
4. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022.” Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
5. ^ a b c
   Law No. 65-z
6. "On the calculation of time." Official Internet portal of legal information
   (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
7. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
   ).
   Search for postal facilities ( Search for postal facilities
   ) (in Russian)
8. Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004). “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, urban settlements, settlements, settlements is 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, constituent entities of the federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers, rural settlements with a population of more than 3000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002]
   (in Russian).
9. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The actual population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, regions, urban settlements and villages. Gubernskie Vesti”, No. 11, February 15, 2002 (State Duma of the Yaroslavl Region. Law No. 12 -з dated February 7, 2002 On the administrative-territorial structure of the Yaroslavl region and the procedure for changing it
   As amended by Law No. 67-z dated December 21, 2012
   On amendments to various legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region and on the repeal of various legislative acts (clauses legislative acts) Yaroslavl region
   ... Valid for six months from the date of official publication.).
10. State Duma of the Yaroslavl region. Law No. 65-z of December 21, 2004 “On the names, boundaries and status of municipalities of the Yaroslavl region,” as amended. Law No. 59-z of December 28, 2011 “On changing the status of the working village of Pesochnoe in the Rybinsk region and on amending the legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region.” Came into force 10 days from the date of official publication. Published: “Provincial News”, No. 70, December 23, 2004 (State Duma of the Yaroslavl Region. Law No. 65-z of December 21, 2004. On the names, boundaries and status of municipalities of the Yaroslavl Region
    As amended by the Law of December 28, 2011 No. 59-z.
    On changing the status of the working village of Pesochnoye, Rybinsk district and on introducing amendments to various legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region
    . Valid after 10 days from the date of official publication.).

Attractions. Transfiguration Cathedral.

The Transfiguration Cathedral is the oldest temple in Pereslavl-Zalessky. It was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152, approximately at the same time as other cathedrals founded by the Grand Duke in Vladimir, Kideksha and Yuryev-Polsky.

Of all the buildings of Yuri Dolgoruky, the Transfiguration Cathedral in Pereslavl has retained the closest appearance to its original appearance. The white-stone cathedral is small in area; it was built for a small number of worshipers: the prince’s associates, warriors, and city nobility. The cathedral was not erected in the city center, but near the ramparts, near the Spasskaya passage tower, which has not survived to this day. The Cathedral of the Transfiguration is built of white stone blocks; between the outer and inner walls there is a rubble layer - crushed stone and construction waste filled with mortar. Thanks to this method of construction, the cathedral still stands today. During Soviet times, services in the cathedral were stopped. To this day, the ancient building of the Transfiguration Cathedral remains a museum, although services are held in it from time to time. (Address: Red Square)

Map

Pereslavl-Zalessky: photo from space (Google Maps) Pereslavl-Zalessky: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located in the northeastern part of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway. Berendeevo station, 124 km southwest of Yaroslavl.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is included in the “Golden Ring of Russia” tourist route.

Territory (sq. km): 22

Information about the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky under the name Pereslavl as a fortified point on the border of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. The oikonym was transferred from the land of Kyiv, where the city of Pereyaslavl was mentioned already in 907.

In 1175-1302 the center of the Pereyaslavl (Zalessky) principality, then became part of the Moscow principality and became one of the transit and trading points on the road from Moscow to Arkhangelsk.

From the middle of the 13th century. until the beginning of the 15th century. repeatedly destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars.

From the 15th century the name Zalessky is added to the name Pereslavl, i.e. located in Zalesye - this is how the Rostov-Suzdal principality was called in Ancient Rus'. In the 15-16th centuries. the patrimony of the Moscow princes. From the middle of the 16th century. the city flourished thanks to significant financial donations from Ivan the Terrible.

In 1611-12 suffered greatly from the Polish invaders.

In 1688-1693. On Lake Pereslavl (Lake Pleshcheyevo) Peter I, who repeatedly visited Pereslavl-Zalessky, built a training “amusing” flotilla.

From the middle of the 18th century. In Pereslavl-Zalessky, linen and paper manufactories began to develop.

Since 1708 it has been a city in the Moscow province, since 1719 it has been a provincial town in the Moscow province. Since 1778 - a district town of the Vladimir governorship (since 1796 Vladimir province).

In the middle of the 18th century. Manufacturing production arose in the city: a cotton factory and other enterprises were created.

In 1856, in the district town of Pereslavl-Zalessky, Vladimir province, there were 28 churches, 1050 houses, 129 shops.

In the materials of the 1897 population census it is called Pereyaslav.

Municipal indicators

Data sources:

1. Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.

Economy

Cotton spinning factory, PA "Slavich" (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.). Factories: stitching, sewing, furniture. Car repair and brick factories. Food industry enterprises.

Main enterprises

CHEMICAL-PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY

JSC "Botik", Gorki-Pereslavskie.

Universities of the city

Institute of Software Systems - "University of the City of Pereslavl" named after.
A.K. Ailamazyan 152020, Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sovetskaya st., 2 WWW: https://u.pereslavl.ru/

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Historical estate "Botik of Peter I" 152140, Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl-Zalessky, village.
Veskovo Phone(s): (48535) 2-2788 2-1910 Website: https://museumpereslavl.ru/ Pereslavl-Zalessky State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve 152024, Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Museum lane, 4 Phone(s): (48535) 2-3124 3-81-00 Website: https://museumpereslavl.ru/

Architecture, sights

Pereslavl-Zalessky stretches along the Moscow - Rostov Yaroslavsky road (now Yaroslavl Highway), which has become its main street.

In the center of the city, the earthen ramparts of an ancient fortification have been preserved, in the ring of which is the Spaso-Perobrazhensky Cathedral (1152, completed in 1157-60).

Ensembles of Fedorovsky (founded in the 15th century), Danilovo-Troitsky (founded in 1508), Goritsky (founded in the 15th century), Nikitsky (16th century) monasteries.

Near Pereslavl-Zalessky there is the Shalyapinka estate, which belonged to F.I. Shalyapin.

St. Vladimir's Cathedral.

The Vladimir Cathedral (1740s) was built in the Bogoroditsko-Sretensky nunnery at the expense of the merchant Philip Fadeevich Ugryumov. After the abolition of this monastery in 1764, the church became a parish. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the spacious and rebuilt Vladimir Cathedral was turned into the main city church, and therefore received the nickname New among the townspeople (in contrast to the Old - this was the name of the ancient Transfiguration Cathedral). The appearance of the Vladimir Cathedral is quite unusual - a tall building with very closely spaced domes on high drums, one triangular apse with two tiers of windows, a narrow and high dome under the central drum. The latter is very large compared to the side ones, which also gives the appearance of the temple originality.

In 1933, the cathedral bell tower, which was a round tower, was demolished along with the stone fence surrounding the temple. It stood between the Vladimir and Alexander Nevsky churches, approximately at the place where the expanded Yaroslavl highway now passes. After 1929, the Vladimir Cathedral was given over to the city House of Sports, later converted into a bakery, and a bread store was opened in the altar. Nowadays, the cathedral has been almost completely restored and is functioning again. (Address: Sovetskaya st., 12)

Development and decline of the economy in the 19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky was a large city with numerous churches, factories and mills, forges and stone houses under construction. The Belomorsky trade route, the shortest and most convenient route from Moscow to Arkhangelsk, passed through the city.

At the same time, the constructed Northern Railway bypassed Pereslavl, 18 versts from it, which led to the fact that the economy of the Zalessky city began to decline. And gradually the once developed city turns into a quiet and inconspicuous county town. Neither sufficiently developed industry and trade, nor numerous ancient shrines and historical monuments saved it from this fate.

The Pereslavl land has always attracted writers and artists - writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Mikhail Prishvin, painter Konstantin Korovin and many other masters depicted it in their works.

To date, the city rampart surrounding the historical center of the city has been preserved, as well as monuments of church architecture. These are six monasteries, four of which are active and 9 churches:

• Nikitsky Monastery
• Nikolsky Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Sretensky Novodevichy Convent was closed in 1764
• The Goritsky Monastery was closed in 1744; currently it is a Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve.

In the Goritsky Monastery you can see unique monuments of antiquity and art, including church utensils, paintings and furniture, household items and other historical values.

Among the 9 surviving churches, the most notable are:

• Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the 12th century, the oldest architectural monument of North-Eastern Rus'
• The tented church of Metropolitan Peter, 1585.

Church of Alexander Nevsky.

The Church of the Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky (1740s) was built at the expense of the Pereslavl merchant Philip Fadeevich Ugryumov (Ugrimov) in conjunction with the neighboring Vladimir Church. Both churches belonged to the Bogoroditsko-Sretensky (Sretensko-Vladimir Novodevichy) Monastery, located on the Red Square of the city, near the Transfiguration Cathedral. Soon after the construction of new churches, the monastery was abolished, and the churches were made parish.

All that remains of the monastery is a part of the wall with a gatehouse. Until the 1930s, there was a high bell tower between the churches; it was dismantled during the reconstruction of the Yaroslavl highway. The Alexander Nevsky Church has many common architectural features with the Vladimir Cathedral; They were probably built not only at the same time, but also by the same masters. The temple has large onion domes set on narrow, tall drums, making the temple appear squat than it actually is. Tall and beautiful carved crosses are placed on the bulbs. The semicircular vault of the main volume of the temple is raised high, the facades are practically devoid of decoration. The main quadrangle of the temple has two rows of windows; the building was planned to be light, but later part of the window openings of the lower tier was blocked up. The apse also has wide and tall windows with semicircular endings. The refectory windows are rectangular, but their upper part is decorated with small semicircles.

During Soviet times, the temple continued to operate for some time, remaining under the jurisdiction of the church community. In November 1925, the temple was robbed; thieves stole valuables from the 17th-18th centuries. Since the 1930s, the central city library was established in the temple. Later, the situation worsened - a bread store was made in the altar (the neighboring Vladimir Cathedral was used as a bakery), and in the rest of the building there was a garage of Lespromkhoz. The interior of the church was almost completely lost. A commission that visited Pereslavl-Zalessky in 1936 decided to preserve both churches as part of the interesting architectural ensemble of Red Square. In the early 1990s, the Alexander Nevsky Church was returned to believers, and now services are held there. (Sovetskaya st., 12)

TOURIST PERESLAVL

The city of Pereslavl-Zalessky has great attractive power as an ancient cultural and architectural monument: it is the same age as Moscow (founded in 1152), and now one of the most interesting centers of the Yaroslavl region. Not only architectural masterpieces give reason to include it in the “Golden Ring” of old Russian cities. Many events in Russian history took place within the walls and on the soil of this ancient city.

V. Berdnikov

Pereslavl-Zalessky. The name alone of this ancient provincial town is both fascinating and alluring. It seems to invite you into a fascinating old Russian fairy tale that lives in the midst of modernity. The history of the Zalessky region originated somewhere far back in the mists of time. Its initial stages are the retreat of the last glacier, the appearance of taiga forests and rivers with their diverse inhabitants, and, as a consequence of the previous one, the arrival of the first people. The largest site of many ancient settlements in the Neolithic era was located on the eastern shore of the lake at the mouth of the river, later named Trubezh. Nowadays this place is known as Pereslavskaya Rybnaya Sloboda. It represents the oldest part of the city, a corner beloved by artists on the river, with weeping willows reflected in the water and ancient wooden huts along the banks. Another independent site of the ancient inhabitants of the region was located on the so-called Bolshaya Pesoshnitsa - on the banks of the same river, approximately where Trubezhnaya Street is now located. This is evidenced by finds, including shards of pottery with ornaments and large quantities of animal bones.

The hilly northeastern shore of Lake Zalesskoe, called Kleshchino in ancient times, has long been attractive to people. According to archaeological research, in the 4th century AD this coast was inhabited by the Finno-Ugric Merya tribes. In the 9th-10th centuries, during the influx of population from the south to the northeast of Rus', Slavs from the Novgorod and Dnieper lands came to Zalesye in search of fertile places. On the northeastern shore of the lake they founded a settlement, giving it the name Kleshchin. Evidence of those times has survived to this day, and it is they that make up one of the popular tourist routes today. This is the north-eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheev, beloved by city guests and Pereslavl residents, where the Kleshchinsky complex is located. It includes the remains of an ancient Slavic town, a burial mound, Alexander Mountain, which was formerly a pagan temple, and the legendary Blue Stone, which was once worshiped by the Merya and the Slavs.

Information from the chronicles says that in 1152, one of the younger sons of Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky, moved the city “like on Kleshchina Lake” to the intersection of important trade routes near the mouth of the river and “...found a great city and erect a church of the Holy Savior...”. The emerging settlement, which “took over the glory” of the surrounding cities, was named Pereyaslavl New. This is a proud name, according to the historian M.I. Smirnova, sounds like “... combative and completely akin to the favorite princely and squad names: Yaroslav, Svyatoslav, Izyaslav...”. The town, which arose in the 12th century in the north of Rus', became the third with a similar name - after Pereyaslavl of Kyiv (993) and Ryazan (1095). And only in the 15th century near Pereyaslavl, located from Kyiv “beyond the Bryn forests”, the name of the city, better known to us, was finally established - Pereslavl-Zalessky.

This is a beautiful ancient city with an extremely interesting and eventful history. Its picturesque corners preserve the memory of many famous political figures and important historical facts. The 13th century became especially bright in the history of Pereslavl, when the city was the capital of a vast appanage principality, and at the same time a major cultural and political center of North-East Rus'. In those years, independent chronicling was carried out in the city, known today as “The Chronicler of Pereslavl of Suzdal.” In the same century, namely in May 1220, the famous Russian commander Alexander Yaroslavovich, later nicknamed Nevsky, was born here. At one time, he restored Pereslavl after another devastation by the Tatars and founded a monastery on Alexandrova Mountain. The holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky is especially revered in his homeland; he is one of the seven Pereslavl saints.

Pereslavl is one of the few Russian cities where you can see the 12th-century earthen fortress that once surrounded the settlement. The monument to early fortress construction has existed for more than eight and a half centuries and has been perfectly preserved to this day. Today, the ancient Pereslavl ramparts are an excellent place for walking, with a magnificent panorama of the old city opening from here.

Studies of the area have shown that the internal area of ​​the city in the first centuries of its existence was about 500 meters wide and 700 meters long. Earthen walls with a circumference of more than 2.5 km once reached an impressive height of up to 16 meters. The Pereslavl fortress was surrounded on the outer sides by rivers - Trubezh, Murmash and an artificial reservoir - a deep ditch with dug pointed stakes along the edges. In the old days, the crest of the rampart was crowned with wooden chopped walls with towers. They burned repeatedly during princely civil strife or Tatar raids, but were then restored. However, in the 18th century, the wooden walls were finally dismantled “due to disrepair and uselessness.”

On Red Square of Pereslavl, in a complex with an ancient embankment, there is a small one-domed stone temple - the Transfiguration Cathedral, founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress. It is one of the oldest architectural monuments of the Vladimir-Suzdal school of architecture. The construction of this temple took five years and was completed, according to many historians, by the son of the city founder Andrei Bogolyubsky. The white-stone Savior, made in the Byzantine style, is a cross-domed four-pillar church traditional for the mid-12th century. Its image is simple and its decoration is sparse; only the drum of the dome and the cornices of the altar apses are decorated with arched belts. Despite the very turbulent course of many centuries, time has hardly left its mark on the appearance of the old Pereslavl temple. However, now in the ancient walls of the Transfiguration Cathedral there is no former splendid interior content, which once impressed the ancestors. Many priceless objects of ancient Russian art - church utensils, icons, books - disappeared without a trace during numerous devastations and fires. The original fresco painting of the second half of the 12th century also turned out to be lost. Miraculously, a silver chalice from the 12th century, decorated with ornaments, which, according to legend, was donated to the Pereslavl Cathedral by Yuri Dolgoruky, has survived to this day. Today this unique monument of decorative and applied art can be seen in the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. The temple icon “Transfiguration” from the 14th century, attributed to the workshop of Theophanes the Greek, has also been preserved to this day. The icon has been in Moscow since the 1920s, being one of the famous exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery. The marble altar barrier installed in the temple dates back to the 19th century. Previously, the ancient one-domed cathedral was not only the main temple of the city, but also the tomb of the Pereslavl appanage princes. The son and grandson of Prince Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Alexandrovich and Ivan Dmitrievich, are buried there. Like his father, Dmitry Alexandrovich, proved himself to be an outstanding commander of his time. And Ivan Dmitrievich, having no direct heirs, before his death in 1302, bequeathed Pereslavl to his Moscow ally - his uncle Daniil Alexandrovich. This circumstance played an important role in the further formation of Moscow as the capital of Rus'. As a sign of the voluntary annexation of Pereslavl, a tradition appeared - to serve smoked Pereslavl herring - vendace, which has been found in Lake Pleshcheyevo since ancient times, on the royal table at the coronation of the heir to the Moscow throne.

During the Moscow period, the Zalessk city was actually the second religious capital of the Russian state. The names of many famous church figures and saints are associated with Pereslavl, including Sergius of Radonezh, Dmitry Prilutsky, Metropolitans Pimen, Athanasius, Peter and others.

The fate of the wife of Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, Evdokia, who escaped with her baby in the city of Zalessk from the persecution of Khan Tokhtamysh, is also closely intertwined with Pereslavl. Later, with her donations, the Goritsky Monastery, burned by the Tatars, was restored and a new wooden Church of St. John the Evangelist was built on the banks of the Trubezh.

Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible visited Pereslavl on pilgrimages more than once, making rich contributions to the Nikitsky, Trinity Danilov and Goritsky monasteries. Under Ivan IV, the Alexandrova settlement of Pereslavl district became the center of the oprichnina, in which Pereslavl residents Malyuta Skuratov, Alexey and Fyodor Basmanov played a prominent role.

Surviving documents clearly indicate that in the 16th century many merchants and artisans lived in Pereslavl. Among the latter were shoemakers, spoon makers, and nail makers. A special place was occupied by fishermen and falcon washers, who served the princely court and were exempt from regular city duties.

The energetic “tsar-carpenter, tsar-worker” Peter I also left his bright mark on the history of the city, having built an amusing fleet on the shores of Lake Pleshcheevo at the end of the 17th century, which laid the foundations of Russian shipbuilding. The historical museum-estate with the affectionate name “Boat of Peter the Great”, where Peter the Great’s business court was once located, today arouses great interest among Russians and foreign guests who want to see with their own eyes the cradle of the Russian fleet - the oval Pereslavl Lake - and Peter’s boat “Fortune”, which is kept in the museum on Mount Gremyach.

A popular attraction of Pereslavl today is the largest provincial historical, architectural and art museum-reserve in Russia, located within the walls of the former Goritsky Monastery. For almost fifty years, starting in 1744, this ancient monastery was the center of a vast diocese, including Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Ruza and other ancient Russian cities. Today, Goritsy houses many unique monuments of antiquity and art, including church utensils, paintings, furniture, household items, etc.

During the existence of the Pereslavl diocese, more than six thousand inhabitants lived in the city. But after the plague of 1771, this number remained

only half of the townspeople. The basis of the settlement was the merchants, who, according to data from 1776, owned 61 shops and 6 taverns, where there was a brisk trade in goods typical of that time: clothing, cloth, “trifles for ordinary people and the peasantry,” as well as food products – “livestock and indigenous fish.” , nuts, gingerbread, sugar, flour, apples and grape drinks.

Remaining a major spiritual center of Russia with many churches, the famous Pereslavl-Zalessky from the 18th century “quietly rested on the laurels of its past.” At first it was the center of the province of the Moscow province, and since 1778 it has been a district town of the Vladimir province. However, even then Pereslavl was considered one of the first in trade and industry among the same district cities in central Russia. In the second half of the 19th century, six linen factories, a carriage and sausage establishment, and thirteen factories, including fur, tobacco and candle factories, operated here. The largest in the city was the Borisov paper spinning factory, which employed more than two thousand people.

But gradually the economy of the Zalessk city declined, and from the once developed settlement Pereslavl turned into a quiet county town. Many are inclined to believe that the reason for this is the lack of a railway in the city. It took place only 18 miles from Pereslavl, as a result of which it was deprived of opportunities for economic growth for many years.

Today Pereslavl-Zalessky is included in the famous tourist route “Golden Ring of Russia” and, despite the fact that many city churches were lost during the Soviet years, Pereslavl is still one of the centers of Russian Orthodoxy.

Currently, Pereslavl is the regional center of the Yaroslavl region with a population of about 42 thousand people. This is a cozy, clean and attractive Russian corner for tourists with beautiful landscapes, ancient Orthodox shrines and ancient houses along the central streets. More than once, people of art have fruitfully drawn inspiration from the local nature and rich history. The Pereslavl land was captured in their works by writers N.A. Ostrovsky and M.M. Prishvin, artist K. Korovin, D. N. Kardovsky and many others.

The famous Zalessky region is a protected area. His lake Pleshcheyevo today measures more than 6.5 km x 9.5 km and is one of the largest lakes in the Upper Volga region, as well as the center of the National Park of the same name.

On the outskirts of the city, Pereslavl residents bake delicious bread and make cheese, produce photographic paper and a variety of packaging. Graduates of local schools have the opportunity, without leaving the city, to continue their studies at the Film and Photo Technical College, which is named after “Alexander Nevsky” or the University of Pereslavl with the main directions of “applied mathematics” and “computer science”.

Local residents, accustomed to a measured pace of life, in their free time love to relax in the lap of nature, enjoying the coolness of the lake or river, and ski and sled down steep snow-covered hills in winter.

Very often on weekends, the picturesque Pereslavl region is filled with vacationers from near and far cities, many of whom are not in the Zalessky city for the first time. Most of the visitors strive first of all to visit Orthodox monasteries in one or all four - and to visit the local holy springs.

Guests of Pereslavl are always looking forward to comfortable hotels, restaurants with original cuisine and numerous museums with various collections of irons, teapots, steam locomotives and peasant utensils.

But especially Pereslavl residents and guests of the city love traditional holidays - Christmas at the Museum, City Day, Broad Maslenitsa, Youth Day, Aeronautics Festival and Navy Day. The holidays are always perfectly organized - with a unique twist and love for the native land.

Once you arrive in Zalesye, you will not be able to remain indifferent to this amazing land. The small ancient city of Pereslavl-Zalessky will definitely leave pleasant memories of itself, forcing you to return here again and again.

Goritsky Assumption Monastery.

Goritsky Assumption Monastery was founded in the first half of the 14th century under Ivan Kalita. It received its most famous name from its location on a hill - “goritsa”. Nothing has survived from the ancient wooden buildings. In 1382, Tokhtamysh’s army destroyed Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, and with it the Goritsky Monastery. Since the 16th century, the monastery has had stone buildings, which indicates its wealth.

In the second half of the 17th century, the monastery was surrounded from the south and southwest by a new stone fence with towers, Holy and Passage Gates, and a gatekeeper's chamber. The Holy Gates with the gateway St. Nicholas Church are an example of the combination of two styles adjacent in time: patterned and Moscow Baroque.

Feodorovsky Pereslavl Convent

Feodorovsky Pereslavl Convent in Yaroslavl...

Yaroslavl region

Initially the monastery was for men. It was founded in memory of the fierce battle of 1304 between the troops of Moscow Prince Yuri Danilovich and Tver Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich. The Muscovites won on June 8, the day of Theodore Stratilates. After the birth of his son Fedor in 1557, Tsar Ivan the Terrible erected a cathedral in honor of St. Theodore on the territory of the monastery. This temple became the main cathedral of the monastery, it has survived to this day.

Since 1667, by decision of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Feodorovsky Monastery was transformed into a convent. By the middle of the 18th century, it reached its peak - women from royal families, including the mother and sister of Peter I, made large donations for the development of the monastery. The Vvedenskaya and Kazan churches were built here. After the revolution, the monastery was closed and the nuns were disbanded. The monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church only in 1998.

Goritsky Assumption Monastery.

The passage gate of the monastery in the eastern wall is considered a true masterpiece of architecture of the 17th century. They are not tall and served more of a household function, but their elegant decoration certainly attracts attention and makes them stand out against the backdrop of almost smooth, decor-free walls. The walls were completed in the 18th century. At that time, the new wall no longer had any defensive significance, so its height was much less than is usually the case in ancient fortresses. In the 19th century, a low belfry was built in the northern wall, from which a magnificent view of Lake Pleshcheyevo opens.

Annexation to the Moscow Principality

Like Alexander Nevsky, his son Dmitry Alexandrovich proved himself to be an outstanding commander of his time. Under him, Pereslavl reached its short but brilliant heyday. In 1276, Dmitry received the great reign, but, having become the Grand Duke and having completed all the formalities in Vladimir, he remained in Pereslavl, which became the capital city of the Russian land.

His son Ivan Dmitrievich had no direct heirs and bequeathed Pereslavl to his uncle Daniil Alexandrovich, the first Moscow prince, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky. Thus the first stone was laid in the foundation of the future Russian state. This event was important for the formation of Moscow as the capital of Rus'.

It is interesting that a tradition appeared as a sign of the voluntary accession of Pereslavl-Zalessky to the Moscow Principality. During the coronation of the heir to the Moscow throne, smoked Pereslavl vendace, which is found in Lake Pleshcheyevo, was served on the royal table.

Assumption Cathedral.

The Assumption Cathedral, the main building of the Goritsky Monastery, began to be built in the mid-1750s. The cathedral is crowned with a five-domed church with widely spaced domes. The interior of the cathedral is striking in its scope. It is richly decorated with stucco and Baroque paintings; The best craftsmen from New Jerusalem worked on its decoration. The unique multi-tiered gilded iconostasis was made under the direction of the famous Moscow master Yakov Zhukov and decorated with Baroque columns, figures and floral patterns. Icons for him were painted by masters from New Jerusalem. The interiors of the temple suffered greatly due to the fact that the room was “summer”, that is, it was not heated, and the winter cold annually caused considerable damage to the stucco moldings and wall paintings. And yet the cathedral was maintained in the greatest order compared to other buildings of the monastery.

Bell tower with Epiphany Church.

The main vertical of the monastery - the bell tower with the Church of the Epiphany - began to be built in the 1760s, then construction stalled and was completed in the 1780s. It is an imposing and majestic four-tiered building with a small church in the lower tier. Now there is a spacious observation deck on the bell tower, which offers, perhaps, the best and most complete view of the entire city. In Soviet times, a local history museum was created in the Goritsky Monastery, one of the first in the republic - it was founded in 1919. Nowadays there is still a museum in the Goritsky Monastery of Pereslavl. In winter, the Assumption Cathedral is closed for inspection in order to preserve the interiors; There is no entrance to the bell tower in winter. (Address: Museum Lane, 4)

Links[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ abcdefg Law No. 12-z
2. Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Yaroslavl region. Yaroslavl region in numbers 2012. Brief statistical collection archived May 17, 2022, in the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
3. ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (2011). “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   . Federal State Statistics Service.
4. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
5. ^ abc Law No. 65-z
6. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
   . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
7. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
   ).
   Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
   ) (in Russian)
8. ↑
   Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004).
   “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, urban settlements, settlements, settlements of 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal districts, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3000] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002]
   .
9. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The current population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, negative phenomena, urban settlements and rural district centers” [All-Union Population Census of 1989: current population of union and autonomous republics, Autonomous regions and districts , territories, regions, districts, towns and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
   .
   Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
   .
10. Brumfield, W. (August 9, 2019). "The extraordinary revival of the Feodorovsky convent in Pereslavl-Zalessky". Russia is beyond the headlines. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
11. Decree on the establishment of provinces and on the designation of cities for them (in Russia)

Sources [edit]

• State Duma of the Yaroslavl region. Law No. 12-z of February 7, 2002 “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Yaroslavl region and the procedure for changing it,” as amended. Law No. 67-z of December 21, 2012 “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region.” Came into force six months from the date of official publication. Published: “Provincial News”, No. 11, February 15, 2002 (State Duma of the Yaroslavl Region. Law of February 7, 2002 No. 12-z “ On the administrative-territorial structure of the Yaroslavl Region and the procedure for changing it” as amended
  by Law No. 67 -з dated December 21, 2012.
  On amendments to various legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region and on the repeal of various legislative acts (clauses of legislative acts) of the Yaroslavl region
  ... Valid for six months from the date of official publication.).
• State Duma of the Yaroslavl region. Law No. 65-z of December 21, 2004 “On the names, boundaries and status of municipalities of the Yaroslavl region,” as amended. Law No. 59-z of December 28, 2011 “On changing the status of the working village of Pesochnoe in the Rybinsk region and on amending the legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region.” Came into force 10 days from the date of official publication. Published: “Provincial News”, No. 70, December 23, 2004 (State Duma of the Yaroslavl Region. Law No. 65-z of December 21, 2004 “ On the names, boundaries and status of municipalities of the Yaroslavl Region”
  as amended by Law No. 59- z dated December 28, 2011.
  On changing the status of the working village of Pesochnoye, Rybinsk district and on introducing amendments to various legislative acts of the Yaroslavl region
  . Valid after 10 days from the date of official publication.).

Nikitsky Monastery.

Nikitsky Monastery is located on the outskirts of the city, in its northern part, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. This is the most ancient monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky, according to some sources, founded earlier than 1186. Tradition says that it was founded by Prince Boris, the son of Vladimir the Red Sun. All monastery buildings earlier than the 16th century were wooden and have not survived to this day. The Nikitsky Monastery flourished in the 16th century, when these places attracted the attention of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. On his orders, new buildings and walls with towers began to be erected: the tsar was preparing a reserve fortress for himself in case of betrayal by the guardsmen stationed in nearby Aleksandrov. In 1611, the walls of the monastery withstood the siege of the Polish-Lithuanian troops of Jan Sapieha for two weeks, but in the end the defense fell and the monastery was ravaged and burned. In the 1640s, the damaged walls were restored, and the top of the towers was added in the 19th century.

Hotels in Pereslavl-Zalessky and where to eat

Since Pereslavl-Zalessky is a popular tourist city, there are many hotels, both large chain hotels and small private ones. There are many hotels with a quality rating of 9 points and above. If you stay at the AZIMUT Hotel Pereslavl, choose the main building.

There are no problems with where to eat either. The food is delicious almost everywhere. I usually look for suitable cafes on Tripadvisor. I especially liked the “Monpasier” cafe near Red Square and the “Popov Lug” tavern in Veskovo, where you can buy farm products in the store.

Tavern "Popov Meadow"

***

In my opinion, Pereslavl-Zalessky is not a city that you can take at a glance and quickly see everything in 1-2 days. It must be savored. Meditate on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. Listen to the whisper of times in Kleschin and stand on the top of Alexandrova Mountain. After waiting until there are no crowds of tourists eager to make a wish, touch the rough surface of the Blue Stone. Go to a pottery master class and several museums. Eat food in a tavern with Russian cuisine. Walk along Trubezh and stroll along the Kremlin ramparts. Feel the energy of young Peter on Gremyach Mountain. Travel around the surrounding area, enjoying the epic-fairy-tale landscapes. This is a city where you want to return again and again.

On Alexandrova Mountain above Lake Pleshcheyevo

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Cathedral of the Great Martyr Nikita.

The main cathedral of the Great Martyr Nikita (1561-1564) was built in the center of the monastery territory at the behest of Ivan the Terrible. Its southern aisle is a temple built by Vasily III in 1520, in fact, the first stone building of the monastery. Its top was built on during the construction of a new large cathedral. In subsequent centuries, the cathedral underwent numerous reconstructions. The middle dome is unusually large, so that next to it, the side domes that are far from being small seem quite small. At the end of the 1980s. The central dome unexpectedly collapsed and has now been restored.

Tent bell tower.

The tented bell tower (1668), adjacent to the refectory, is located between the Nikitsky Cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation. The pillar is octagonal, decorated with horizontal belts. The area for bells and ringing, covered with a tent containing “rumours”, is surrounded by wide arched openings.

The second, newer bell tower - the gate tower, in three tiers, was built in the first decades of the 19th century. The temple of the Archangel Gabriel was built in it. The bell tower is much higher than the old one and is consistent with the traditions of its time, which makes it sharply different from the rest of the ensemble, with the exception of the completion of the towers, erected on the site of the previous tents in the same 19th century.

The walls of the Nikti Monastery.

The walls of the Nikti Monastery in Pereslavl The walls and towers of the monastery, like many other buildings, were erected by order and with the help of Ivan the Terrible. There were three battles within the walls: upper, middle and lower. The walls were made of bricks held together with a special mortar, and large boulders were placed in the foundation. The towers protruding forward from the walls made it possible to freely shoot from one tower to another from their loopholes. (Address: Pereslavl district, Nikitskaya Sloboda village, Zaprudnaya st., 20)

What to see in Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky is part of the popular tourist route “Golden Ring of Russia” ; an excellent tourist infrastructure has been created here for travelers with different interests. Everyone will find something interesting for themselves in this city: the magnificent Pleshcheyevo Lake and the mysterious Sin-Stone, picturesque nature, archaeological sites, temples and monasteries, urban provincial buildings, museums, folk crafts with master classes. And, of course, hotels and restaurants-cafes for every taste and budget.

Exhibition of the Museum of Peasant Design and Life “Horse in a Coat”

I definitely recommend visiting the Sin-stone on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo (admission is paid), and also seeing the Kleshchinsky archaeological complex and Alexander Mountain (nearby for free). They are part of the Pleshcheyevo Lake national park.

Blue-stone on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo

Museums

There are many museums in Pereslavl-Zalessky, both large, serious and thematic private ones.

• Pereslavl-Zalessky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve (Uspensky Goritsky Monastery, Museum Lane, 4)
• Museum-estate “Boat of Peter I” (Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl district, Veskovo village)
• Pereslavl Railway Museum and Museum of Retro Cars (Pereslavl district, Talitsy village, Leshoznaya str., 1)
• Arboretum named after S. F. Kharitonov (Zhuravleva St., part of the Pleshcheyevo Lake national park)
• Iron Museum (Sovetskaya st., 11)
• Museum of Peasant Design “Horse in a Coat” (Konnaya St., 17)
• Teapot Museum (Veskovo village, Peter the Great St., 17)
• Museum of Cunning and Ingenuity (Sovetskaya St., 14b)
• Radio Museum (40 Podgornaya St.)
• Museum of Antique Sewing Machines (Kardovskogo St., 23)
• Alexander Nevsky Museum (Museumny lane, 9)
• Museum of the History of Money (Peter the Great St., 2B, Veskovo village)
• Museum “Kingdom of the Vendace” (Petra St. 1, 15, Veskovo)
• Museum of Gramophones and Records (Pereslavl district, Veskovo village)
• Historical and Cultural Center Russian Park (Moskovskaya St., 158)
• Center for the Preservation and Development of Folk Traditions “Berendey’s House” and the Museum of Masks (Uritskogo St., 38)
• Cultural and Exhibition Center on Rostovskaya (Rostovskaya, 10)
• Gallery of Olga Kuznetsova (Kuznetsova St., 16)

Iron Museum

Temples and monasteries

Even if you are a non-believer, pay attention to the beautiful architecture of church buildings.

• Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, XII century (Red Square)
• Goritsky Monastery (Museum Lane, 4, museum);
• Nikitsky Monastery (20 Zaprudnaya St.) and the Holy Spring of Nikita the Stylite
• St. Nicholas Monastery (Gagarina St., 43)
• Sretensky Novodevichy Convent (Sovetskaya St., 12);
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery (Lugovaya St., 7);
• Pereslavl Feodorovsky Convent (Moskovskaya St., 85)
• Church of Peter the Metropolitan, 1585 (Sadovaya St., 5)
• Vladimir Cathedral, 40s of the 18th century (Sovetskaya St., 12)
• Church of Alexander Nevsky, 40s of the 18th century (Sovetskaya St., 12)
• Church of the Intercession, 1789 (Plescheevskaya St., 13A)
• Church of Simeon the Stylite, 1771 (Rostovskaya St., 16)
• Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, mid-18th century (Levaya Embankment St., 165)
• Church of the Sign, 1788 (Trubezhnaya St., 7a)
• Chapel of the Cross, 17th century (Yaroslavskoe highway)

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Gorodishche

Next to the Railway Museum in Talitsy there is a wooden Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, erected in 2007. Next to it is the temple of St. Alexy, a man of God, built in 2003. Despite the fact that the churches are modern, they look very harmonious

City ramparts of Pereslavl.

The ring of defensive earthen ramparts of Pereslavl-Zalessky was erected in the 12th century; it covers the area of ​​the ancient city and reaches 2.5 km in length, up to 6 meters in width; in ancient times the height of the embankments reached 10-16 meters. Under Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest in 1195, high wooden fortifications were erected on top of the ramparts - tyn, or “city”, with towers and a sharp jagged top. In one of the towers - Tainitskaya - a secret passage to Trubezh was hidden in case of a siege. Outside the fortress, deep ditches with water were dug along the ramparts. Three gates led to the fortress - Spassky, Dukhovsky and Nikolsky, with the same-named road towers, leading towards Moscow, Yaroslavl and Lake Pleshcheevo.

Tourist infrastructure

Arriving in the city, you can always stay overnight in hotels, mini-hotels, motels, guest houses at a recreation center or boarding house. It is easy to find accommodation options here that satisfy the quality of services and price. And as the annual flow of tourists traveling along the Golden Ring grows, the hotel network in the city continues to be built.

Sretenskaya Church

In addition, it is possible to pitch tents on equipped sites around Lake Pleshcheyevo (in Ureva, Yazevka, Botik and Kukhmar) in the territories of the Pleshcheyevo Lake national park and in several shelters, as well as at recreation centers

.

In Pereslavl-Zalessky there are many restaurants and cafes designed for visitors. So it’s difficult to stay hungry in the city. In the city center (Narodnaya Square, 11) there is even a whole cultural and entertainment complex “Golden Ring”, which has several halls and is ready to feed guests dishes of Russian, Japanese and Italian cuisines.

Armed with a map and guides, traveling around the city and its surroundings is not difficult on your own. But, if you wish, you can use the services of local travel companies and go on interesting organized excursions to the famous dendrological garden, ecological trails of the national park, rural tours and take part in folklore festivals.

And, of course, any trip is unthinkable without souvenirs. In Pereslavl-Zalessky there are many shops, salons and souvenir shops with beautiful works of folk craftsmen. Connoisseurs try to be sure to purchase in this city souvenirs with elegant Pereslavl embroidery, which are made at the Novy Mir embroidery factory, and bright souvenirs from the House of Berendey.

Nikolsky Monastery

City ramparts of Pereslavl.

In 1759, the fortress walls of Pereslavl were dismantled. However, fortunately, there was not enough money in the Pereslavl treasury to completely demolish the earthen fortifications and build a boulevard in their place, as was done in many cities, and now we can see the ancient ramparts, noticeably rooted into the ground, almost completely volume, of course, are no longer so high, although in some places their height still reaches 10 meters. There is a climb up the ramparts in many places, and walking along them, you can see the whole of Pereslavl-Zalessky from a new angle. Today the earthworks of Pereslavl are included in the list of monuments of federal significance. (Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Valovoe Koltso St.)

Administrative and municipal status

As part of the structure of administrative units, Pereslavl-Zalessky serves as the administrative center of Pereslavl District, even though it is not part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is registered separately as a city of regional significance of Pereslavl-Zalessky

- an administrative unit with a status equal to that of a district.[1]
As a municipal entity, the city of regional significance of Pereslavl-Zalessky is included as Pereslavl-Zalessky urban district
.[5]

Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I".

The museum-estate "Boat of Peter I", one of the first museums in Russia, was founded in 1803, although its history began more than a century before, when the young Tsar Peter arrived in Pereslavl in 1688. The sight of the spacious Lake Pleshcheevo gave him the idea of ​​setting up his “amusing” flotilla here. Construction began immediately, in July-August 1688, under the leadership of the Dutch shipwright Carsten Brandt, at the mouth of Trubezh. By 1689, almost the entire flotilla, with the exception of the main ship, was ready. Peter personally took part in the construction of yachts and boats.

In a few months, an entire town was built near the village of Veskova: a wooden palace, outbuildings and a camp church. The construction of ships resumed - this time large ones, including the 30-gun frigate "Mars", named after the ancient god of war. Peter's first flotilla was a training one, both for Russian shipbuilders and future sailors. In 1693, Peter I left for Arkhangelsk to build a new flotilla, no longer “amusing”.

Attractions

Arriving in Pereslavl-Zalessky, you begin to think about where to start the excursion route. Every street and house has its own history. It is convenient to start your journey from the historical center, namely Red Square. Battles once raged here and holidays were organized.

Since the 19th century there have been oak pillars with a bell on them. At the sound of its ringing, a city meeting would gather. On May 30, 1220, Alexander Nevsky was born in the princely chambers of Red Square. Previously, on the square there was the “court of the Great Sovereign,” a squad from which they went to battle.

The appearance of the territory has constantly changed throughout its history. From time to time new buildings appeared and old ones were demolished. Today the ancient center looks less lively. In the center stands the Transfiguration Cathedral (Pereslavl Kremlin), built by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152. The shrine is the main decoration of the square. This is the only one of the five first white stone objects that has survived to this day.

The baptism of noble persons was organized here; this is the tomb of the great princes. In 1939, archaeological work was carried out near the monastery. Experts found the lid of the sarcophagus from the grave of Ivan Dmitrievich. St. Sergius of Radonezh was elevated to the rank of rank here. Red Square is still surrounded by ramparts. It feels like you are momentarily stepping back into the past.

Monasteries and temples

The city is a point of pilgrimage. Many monasteries have survived on the territory. The Goritsky Monastery (museum-reserve) was built back in the 14th century. Presumably, Ivan Kalita took part in this process. Today the building houses the state historical, architectural and art museum-reserve. The territory of the complex is huge. Walking along it, you can get acquainted with the interiors of churches, and, if you wish, climb the bell tower.

The high point offers incredibly beautiful views of the local surroundings. Every year the territory of the monastery becomes more and more dense. Plaster is falling off the walls. Iconostases, icons, frescoes, paintings have not been restored and have been preserved unchanged. The entire interior is designed in Italian Baroque style. This is a rare design for our country.

Nikitsky Monastery appeared in 1010. It existed even when the city was located near Alexander Mountain. The monastery recently celebrated its thousandth anniversary. Over time, the shrine was restored and rebuilt several times. Powerful walls became a real defense against enemies. Today it is an unusually beautiful building that adorns the space with its white stone walls. There is a bell tower, a watchtower, the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Martyr, the Annunciation Church with a refectory.

St. Nicholas Monastery was once rightfully considered the most spectacular place in the city. The object was located not far from the Kremlin and stood out noticeably with its grandeur against the background of the general panorama. It was founded in the 14th century by Dmitry Prilutsky. During the period of troubles, the shrine was devastated by Poland. The restoration process began in 1645. At first the shrine was a monastery for men. In 1898 it was illuminated as a convent. If you take a walk around the territory, you will be able to see several temples, among which the famous Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

The Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery has also miraculously survived to this day. You can see it in the southeastern part of the city. The shrine was founded in the 16th century by Danil. It was a monk of the Goritsky monastery. The founder is buried on the temple grounds. In its architecture, the object resembles the Old Russian style. It is active and services are held regularly.

In the southern part of the city there is the Fedorovsky Monastery. Its foundation was carried out in 1304. A serious battle between Muscovites and Tver residents once took place in this place. It was of great importance for the capital. Moscow has raised its status. In the 1740s, the Vladimir Cathedral was built at the expense of F. Ugryumov. In 2001, the Znamenskaya Church appeared on the site of a previously standing winery.

In order to thoroughly explore and visit all the shrines of the city, it will take a lot of time. Each of them has its own complicated history. If you have time, then take a look at the Intercession, Simeonovskaya, Sretenskaya, Smolensk-Kornilievskaya churches, Fedorovskaya Chapel “Cross”, Chernigovskaya Chapel and other equally interesting objects.

Museums

Be sure that a tour of the exhibition centers of the locality will give you a lot of unforgettable emotions. Start your review with the only ship of Peter the Great's amusing flotilla, which miraculously survived to this day. Previously it was called "Fortune". The building is over 300 years old. This great age is explained by the fact that the vessel was well cared for. It was found back in the 19th century and immediately placed in its proper place, where it remains to this day.

The Poteshnaya Flotilla previously had about three dozen similar ships. Lake Pleshcheyevo served as a training ground for sailors. Various training battles were organized. The reservoir was large and had an advantageous location.

Be sure to include the Botik Museum-Estate of Peter I in your route. There is a Botny house, a monument to Peter, a gate, a palace, and a Rotunda. You can see the boat “Fortune” in the Boat House. The boat is amazing in its size. The White Palace appeared in 1853. Construction was mainly funded by donations. Emperors Alexander II and Nicholas II and many great princes often came here. When Soviet power came, the place began to be used as a geographical station for the University of Moscow. In 1920 Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin lived here.

Before the war it was a holiday home. Children were brought here from besieged Leningrad. Currently, the White Palace is allocated for museum exhibition. The exhibits include shipbuilding tools, ship carvings, ancient tools, furniture, and household items from the time of Peter the Great.

The Artist's House gallery will introduce you to painting, ceramics, and graphics. You can buy funny souvenirs for friends and acquaintances. Artists' works are available for sale. The canvases depicting local nature and temples are beautiful. If you wish, you can take part in a real master class and learn the basics of painting. From time to time, thematic programs are held for children and adults.

This project was planned and implemented by Lyudmila Larkina. She heads the capital's tour operator company. All works are stored in a beautiful log house. The gallery is organized according to the club system. You can get acquainted with the paintings of nine of the best masters.

The Gramophone and Record Museum is a great opportunity to learn the entire history of audio records. A wide variety of gramophone types are represented. You can even listen to some of the records. Music lovers will be delighted by the exhibits and the mysterious atmosphere.

Don't miss the compact private iron museum. It is located in the house where merchants lived. Here you will see a luxurious collection of irons. They differ in shape and size. All exhibits were collected by local residents. The guide will tell you about the history of the device and how they were made. You will be able to touch the irons and take pictures with them. The courtyard area is no less interesting. There are funny signs everywhere, and a cheerful Baba Yaga will greet you at the entrance.

A museum of teapots is organized in an ordinary wooden hut. In the upper room there is a real oven in which teapots of various designs are stored. In addition, there are many other antique household items. A glance falls on a giant camping kettle (18 liters). At the end of the tour, you can purchase cute souvenirs.

One can talk endlessly about unusual and important museums for the history of the country. New interesting exhibition centers are constantly opening. It is recommended to visit the museum of steam locomotives, Alexander Nevsky, the history of money, the museum of masks, vases, sewing art, the museum-shop “Nakhodka”, “Radio”, tricks and ingenuity.

What else to see?

Even if you just wander around the streets, you can stumble upon an interesting place. Mansion of the artist D.N. Kardovsky is located on the southern side of the city, near the road. The house is made of logs and pine beams. There is an orchard behind the building. A well-known theater artist in Russia, he created illustrations for works of Russian classics. He spent the last years of his life in this house. Today there is a House of Creativity named after. Kardovsky.

The Blue Stone site was once the site of a pagan sanctuary. This is an extremely rare artifact that has survived to this day. If you believe the legend, then the rock used to stand on the top of Alexandrova Mountain, from where it was thrown. Scientists have concluded that the stone was brought by a glacier from the Scandinavian mountains. It is believed that the object has powerful energy and is capable of healing diseases. Its weight is 12 tons, and its length reaches three meters. Nearby you will see a spring that partially floods the stone. There are a lot of ice deposits around.

The Balloon Festival in July is considered one of the highlights, attracting hundreds of tourists. The aeronautics festival brings together pilots and lovers of romance from all countries. A magical event will give you unforgettable emotions. In the evening you can visit the Oscar cinema, theaters or go to a concert. Artists and singers often come here. City Day is celebrated on June 12.

Visit the historical and cultural. It's not difficult to find. Free parking awaits you in front of the entrance. The area is open to the public from 10 am to 6 pm. It presents numerous objects.

The cost of an adult ticket is 300 rubles, a child ticket is 150 rubles. The price includes admission to five museums.

Before entering, you can study the map so you don’t get lost. You will see many entertainment facilities, cafes, benches, gazebos. Take a look at the kvass and tea tasting museum, the “Vendace” tavern, the exhibition, “Ural Izba”, “Petrushka”. There are signs everywhere. Therefore, you won't get lost. The landscape is decorated with birdhouses, cheerful structures, wells, and flowers.

The exhibition of splints and spinning wheels “Aleshkin’s House”, the pavilion “House - Dacha” will introduce you to the exhibitions of the Middle Ages. You will find several thematic alleys (paintings, fonts, platbands, etc.), a museum of proverbs and sayings, a horse yard, a mini-zoo “Cossack Yard” and a real meadow of fairy tales. Playgrounds are organized for children, and interactive entertainment events are held.

As for recreation centers, the choice is huge. Complexes such as “Forest Fairy Tale”, “Botik”, “Popov Meadow”, “Urev”, “Forest Lake”, “Pleshcheyevo”, “Sfera”, “Veslevo”, “Ohana”, “Nikolin Park” are in high demand. . All points are located two dozen kilometers from the city. This is an excellent choice for those who want to relax in nature, in silence, go fishing and sports. There are a lot of fish - pike, crucian carp, ruffe, roach and others. Kitesurfing is popular in summer, and in winter people go skiing, cheesecake, skating, and sledding.

Sightseeing tours are conducted around Lake Pleshcheyevo. The beaches are well maintained, clean, the water is impeccable for swimming. Many holy springs. Spring “Gremyach”, “Saint Barbara”, spring of Nikita Pereslavsky.

Hotels

Despite the provinciality of the place, the choice of hotels is large. You can stay comfortably in a large hotel with rooms of various classes, or in a budget guest house. The room rate is high, since the place is in high demand among vacationers.

If you want to stay in a modern European-style hotel, then take a closer look at such options as Victoria Plaza, Zapadnaya, Camping Botik, Pereslavl. For those who dream of silence and nature, we can recommend cozy cottages in the suburban area. Camping is also well developed. There are many suitable points outside the city.

Cafes, restaurants

You definitely won’t have any difficulties with where to eat, as the huge influx of tourists contributes to this. Numerous restaurants, bars, canteens, summer and indoor cafes are presented literally on every corner, and the range of dishes is amazing.

Popular establishments in the city include “Fit”, “Bamboo”, “Pancake House”, “Monpensier”, “Yar”, “Chipolino”, “Caramel”, “Zolotaya Rybka”, “Province”, the refectory in the “Berendey House” .

How to get to Pereslavl.

By train: There is no railway in Pereslavl. The nearest stations to Pereslavl are Berendeevo or Ryazantsevo (about 15 km) on the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway. However, there is no point in going there, because it is almost impossible to get from these stations to Pereslavl. For transferring from train to bus, Petrovsk, Rostov Veliky or, at worst, Sergiev Posad, where buses run every two hours to Pereslavl, are much better suited. Although the best way is to go directly by bus from Moscow or Yaroslavl. By bus: Many buses go from Yaroslavl and Moscow, a little less from Sergiev Posad. By car: On the M8/E115 highway (Yaroslavskoe highway) 131 km from the MKAD (Moscow). Along the same road from Yaroslavl – 140 km. Pereslavl-Zalessky is a city of the Golden Ring of Russia, rightfully considered one of the best places of concentration of historical and architectural monuments of Rus'. However, it is known not only for its historical and architectural monuments, but also for its absolutely innovative approach to the tourism industry. There is no such abundance of private museums in any other city of the Golden Ring. Just look at the museums of steam locomotives, a teapot, an iron and Russian flax. We recommend that you find time in your busy life and visit this wonderful city.

Legends of Lake Pleshcheyevo

The city stands on the shore of a large lake, one of the most beautiful on the Central Russian plain - a real pearl of the “Golden Ring of Russia”. People have long settled on its shores and revered this lake as a holy place. To this day, on its northeastern shore you can see a large boulder - the Blue Stone - a place of worship of ancient pagans.

Transfiguration Cathedral

The lake itself has a round shape and receives water from 19 rivers and streams. Its largest tributary is the Trubezh River, which originates in the Berendeyev swamp. It’s not difficult to get around the lake - the whole way around will take about 30 km.

It is shallow off the coast and has long been favored by fans of windsurfing and kiteboarding. It is convenient to learn to “control” the wind here. And even if a beginner is inadvertently carried away from the shore, he can always return on foot through the shallow water.

While taking an excursion around the lake, you cannot help but visit several earthen ramparts remaining from the ancient Russian city of Kleshchina. He was the predecessor of Pereslavl-Zalessky. And, of course, a special protected area here is the Pleshcheyevo Lake national park, created to preserve and restore the natural-historical complex around Pereslavl-Zalessky.