Klin (Moscow region) Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Klin.

City
Wedge


Flag	Coat of arms

56°20′02″ n. w. 36°42′45″ E. villageHGYAOCountryRussiaFederal SubjectMoscow RegionCity DistrictKlinHead Alena DmitrievnaSokolskayaHistory and geographyFirst mention1317City since 1781Area≈42 km²Center height160 mClimate typemoderate continentalTime zoneUTC+3:00PopulationPopulation↘79,635[1] people (2 021) Density 2152.3 people/km² Population of the agglomeration 253 thousand Katoykonimklin residents, Klinchanin, Klinchanka Digital identifiersTelephone+7 49624[2]Postal codes1416xxOKATO46221501OKTMO46621101001OtherCity DayLast weekend of AugustHonorary titleSettlement of military valorklincity.ru Klin

Moscow

Wedge

Media files on Wikimedia Commons

Wedge

- a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region, the administrative center of the Klin urban district. A settlement of military valor.

Population - 79,635[1] people. (2021).

Content

1 Physiographic characteristics 1.1 Geographical location
1.2 Climate

2 History

2.1 XIV-XVII centuries

2.2 XVIII-XIX centuries

2.3 XX-XXI centuries

3 Population

4 Transport

5 Environmental protection

6 Attractions

7 Education

7.1 Universities

7.2 Secondary schools

7.3 Schools

7.4 Additional education

8 Industry

9 Media

9.1 Television

9.2 Radio stations

9.3 Printing

10 Twin Cities

11 Numismatics

12 See also

13 Notes

14 Literature

15 Links

Physiographic characteristics[ | ]

Geographical location[ | ]

Located on the banks of the Sestra River, 67 km from the Moscow Ring Road along the Leningradskoe Highway (86 km from the Kremlin, 82 km from the Leningradsky Station and 566 km from the Moskovsky Station). The average July temperature is 19.1 °C, the average January temperature is −9.1 °C[3].

Climate[ | ]

Climate Klin

Index	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
Average maximum, °C	−4	−3	1	10	17	21	23	22	16	9	1	−3
Average minimum, °C	−11	−11	−5	1	7	11	13	11	7	2	−3	−8
Precipitation rate	35	34	33	40	66	80	69	64	60	53	44	39
Source: www.meteoblue.com,[4]

Climate of Klin

The climate of Klin is moderate continental, characterized by mild winters and fairly warm, humid summers. The average annual precipitation is 660 millimeters, most of it falls in July. The warmest month is July (average monthly temperature - +23°C), the coldest month is January (-6°C). Wind speed in Klin usually ranges from 3 to 7 meters per second, but can sometimes exceed 15 to 17 meters per second. The most favorable time to visit the city is from June to September.

History[ | ]

XIV-XVII centuries[ | ]

Klin in 1661
The first mention dates back to 1317 - the Nikon Chronicle says: “... In the summer of 6825... The same winter, the great Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow with Kavgady, and with many Tatars and with the princes of Suzdal, and with other princes and with many forces I’ll go from Kostroma to Rostov, and from Rostov I’ll go to Pereslavl, and from Pereslavl I’ll go to Dmitrov, and from Dmitrov to Klin.”

During this period, lands often passed from one owner to another, and by the middle of the 13th century, Klin became part of the Tver Principality. Having become an outpost of Tver in the confrontation with Moscow, it was heavily fortified with a rampart and ditch, and new fortress walls. During the Tatar-Mongol invasions, Klin, like other Russian cities, was ruined more than once: the fortress was destroyed at the beginning of 1409 during the raid of the Tatar Murza Edigei. Then Moscow and Tver fought for him.

In 1482, Moscow Prince Ivan III Vasilyevich annexed Klin to his principality: the city quickly lost its military-strategic importance, since there were more powerful fortified fortresses on the western borders of the principality. However, Klin did not fall into desolation, but became a center of trade and craft; The main occupation of its residents became transportation and Yamsk trading

In 1569, Klin suffered greatly from the oprichnina. The magnificent Klin construction forests were especially damaged. It is known that the most important buildings of the Moscow Kremlin were erected from Klin forest. In 1572, Ivan IV bequeathed to his son Ivan Klin with volosts, villages and duties; later Klin was the patrimony of the Romanov dynasty. In the year Sokolovsky's Poles [pl] besieged the city, where Pozharsky and Dmitry Petrovich Lopata held the defense.

In 1702, Klin, by decree of Peter I, became an official post office. Residents of Klin began serving a fairly large number of travelers. A variety of trading shops, inns, wine cellars, food warehouses and other establishments appeared in the city. Thus, meeting the needs of travelers, the city gradually stretched along the highway.

“Projected” plan of the city of Klin in 1784 from the “Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Book of drawings and drawings. City plans." coat of arms, 1781 coat of arms, 1883

XVIII-XIX centuries[ | ]

In 1781, Klin received the official status of a city and a coat of arms. And in 1784, a master plan for the development of the city was developed, according to which the House of Public Places, the Mayor’s House and an almshouse were located in the center. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, according to the design of the landowner-architect S.P. Karin, a postal yard was built - a two-story brick building and two one-story outbuildings. Sheds for horses, a well and a stable were built here.

Since 1785 - a district town of the Moscow province.[5]

In 1851, the first branch of the Nikolaev Railway in Russia passed through Klin, which led to a decrease in Yamsk transportation. The meaning of “stand still” has also fallen. Now a significant part of the city's population began to engage in hand weaving and make scarves, muslin, and woolen upholstery fabrics for furniture.

By the end of the 19th century, Klin had turned into a quiet provincial town. Its center also shifted somewhat, now it was represented by Cathedral Square with stone shopping arcades, a hotel, a government office and a fire tower located on it.

XX—XXI centuries[ | ]

Workers of Klin factories actively participated in the strike movement of 1905.

During World War II, the German 3rd Panzer Army captured Klin on November 23 after heavy fighting.

From November 23 to December 15, 1941, Klin was occupied by German troops (for more details, see Battle of Moscow).

By resolution of the Moscow Regional Duma of April 28, 2016, the city was awarded the honorary title “Settlement of Military Valor”[6].

On October 19, 2022, Klin was transformed from a city of regional subordination into a city of regional subordination simultaneously with the abolition of the Klinsky district.[7][8]

general information

Klin is an old Russian town in the Moscow region, preserving its history and traditions from the distant 14th century. It acquired its modern appearance in the second half of the last century, but it has many impressive historical and architectural monuments. The quiet provincial streets of the city have an atmosphere of charming antiquity, attracting numerous tourists. First of all, Klin is famous for its religious sites and interesting museums telling about the history of the region and famous personalities. The oldest monument is the Assumption Church of the 16th century - a rare example of Moscow ancient Russian architecture. In the central part of Klin there are Trading Rows, a monument of urban planning of federal significance, recognized as one of the best shopping buildings of the pre-revolutionary era. Nearby is the impressive Cathedral complex of the 17th – 19th centuries, which occupies a dominant position in the architectural appearance of the city. Modern Klin is a developed industrial and educational center that plays an important role in the development of the region’s economy. There are large food enterprises, educational institutions, shopping malls, shops, hotels, clubs, cafes and restaurants here.

Population[ | ]

Population
1856[9]	1859[9]	1897[9]	1913[9]	1926[9]	1931[9]	1939[10]	1959[11]	1962[9]	1967[9]	1970[12]	1972
3900	↗4000	↗4700	↗7400	↗8700	↗13 100	↗27 691	↗53 322	↗60 000	↗69 000	↗80 875	↗84 000
1973[9]	1976[9]	1979[13]	1982[14]	1986[9]	1987[15]	1989[16]	1992[9]	1996[9]	1998[9]	2000[9]	2001[9]
↗85 000	↗88 000	↗91 487	↗93 000	↗95 000	→95 000	↘94 908	↗95 100	↘92 800	↘90 500	↘89 100	↘87 900
2002[17]	2003[9]	2005[9]	2006[9]	2007[9]	2008[9]	2009[18]	2010[19]	2011[9]	2012[20]	2013[21]	2014[22]
↘83 178	↗83 200	↘82 900	↘82 400	↘81 900	↘81 500	↘80 906	↘80 585	↗80 600	↘80 128	↘79 924	↘79 461
2015[23]	2016[24]	2017[25]	2018[26]	2019[27]	2020[28]	2021[1]
↘79 249	↘79 075	↘79 056	↗79 168	↗79 387	↗79 715	↘79 635

As of January 1, 2022, in terms of population, the city was in 209th place out of 1,116[29]cities of the Russian Federation[30].

Transport[ | ]

The city has a Klin railway station on the Moscow - St. Petersburg line. A narrow-gauge railway previously operated in the city and its environs, owned by. Within the city there is a military town and the Klin-5 airfield, which is currently home to an instructor and research helicopter squadron, which operates Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters.

The Moscow-St. Petersburg M10 E 105 highway passes through the city, as well as the Moscow Big Ring.

Internet and mobile communications in Klin

The largest cellular operators in Russia offer their services in Klin: MTS, Megafon, Beeline, as well as Cantricom and Yota. The range of their activities covers mobile communications, SMS messages and high-speed Internet. In addition, Internet access is provided through several local Internet providers. All operators have different tariffs and a huge selection of conditions for Internet access. Suppliers guarantee fairly high connection speeds, as well as stable operation of subscriber and central equipment. There are several internet cafes in the city; free WI-FI is available in some cafes, restaurants and hotels.

Environmental protection[ | ]

Since 2014, the city has been an active participant in events[31] called the garbage crisis in Russia. The Aleksinsky quarry solid waste landfill operating in close proximity to the city is a constant threat to the environmental situation of the city and the district. In 2022, the situation with landfill gas emissions worsened significantly[32] and went beyond the control of local authorities[33]. As a result, the city and county are periodically covered with a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide from emissions from the landfill [34]. In 2018, the regional authorities built a new four-lane concrete road to the solid waste landfill, bypassing the city of Klin[35], which local residents have already nicknamed “the road of death”[36]. In the report of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Aleksinsky quarry solid waste landfill was given second place in the TOP-3 “problematic operating facilities for the management of solid waste”[37].

Attractions[ | ]

Check for compliance with encyclopedic criteria.

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No.	Object name	Dating	Address	Current state	Photo
1	Museum of Christmas tree decorations	opened September 18, 2008	Staroyamskaya st., 4	"Klinskoye Compound"
2	House-Museum of A.P. Gaidar	1989	st. Gaidara, 17	House-museum
3	State House-Museum of P. I. Tchaikovsky	1896	st. Tchaikovsky, 48	House-museum
4	Shop under the clock	XVIII-XIX centuries	intersection of Liteinaya st. and st. Lenin	Shop
5	Postal yard	1780s	Sovetskaya sq., 1	Central post office of Klin
6	Mayor's House	end of the 18th century	st. Papivina, 4	Public organization
7	Pharmacy No. 45	Sovetskaya sq., 11/1	Pharmacy No. 45	Pharmacy 45 on Soviet Square in Klin. year 2012
8	Restaurant Gorshkova	1870	Sovetskaya sq., 3	Closed
9	Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”	1847—1860	Liteinaya st., 21/7	Church
10	Fountain “Girl-mycelium”	1838—1913	Sovetskaya sq.	Valid
11	Fountain in Tchaikovsky Square	XX century	Sovetskaya sq.	Valid
12	Monument to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky on Sovetskaya Square	XX century	Sovetskaya sq.	Valid
13	Monument to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in the park near the house-museum of P. I. Tchaikovsky	1995	st. Tchaikovsky, 48	Valid
14	Train Station	1844-1851	Privokzalnaya sq.	Valid
15	Bus station "Klin"	XX century	Privokzalnaya sq.	Valid
16	Memorial to the Klin Encirclement	1966	intersection of Pervomaiskaya street. and Staroyamskaya st.	Valid
17	Memorial to the memory of soldiers who died during the defense and liberation of Klin in 1941	1957	crossroads st. Gagarin and Pervomaiskaya st., Victory Square	Valid
18	Trinity Cathedral	1802—1836	Sovetskaya sq.	During Soviet times, the cathedral housed the “House of Culture”; now it is under eternal restoration
19	Shopping arcades	1885-1887	Sovetskaya sq., 1	The shops
20	Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Mid-16th century	st. Papivina, 16a	Valid
21	Museum of Local Lore	1963	st. Gagarina, 37/1	Valid
22	Fedorovskaya chapel at the bourgeois almshouse	Second third of the 19th century	st. Papivina, 6	Valid
23	Church of St. Tikhon	1907	Tikhaya st., 7	Valid
24	Museum-Estate of D. I. Mendeleev	1860s	Klinsky district, Boblovo village	Valid
25	Resurrection Church	1712	Sovetskaya sq., 16	Valid
26	Church of St. Blessed Xenia of Petersburg	2002	village 31st October, st. Herzen, 24/15	Valid

Assumption Church in Klin. The most ancient monuments of Klin are not located in the Kremlin, but somewhat away from it. The earliest architectural monument of the city is the Assumption Church, although the exact time of its construction is unknown. There is a legend that it was founded in 1572 in memory of the city residents who died at the hands of the guardsmen. In the middle of the 16th century, the Assumption Monastery was located on this site, and the church was the cathedral church of the monastery, which was abolished in 1761. The Assumption Church was a small single-domed structure on four pillars with corner arches. In the first half of the 19th century, a refectory and a bell tower were added to the church. At the same time, the southern and northern facades of the temple received classical porticoes in the Western European style. The building as a whole is designed in a simple provincial style. An additional neck with a small head was placed above the dome. In the early 1960s, the temple was being prepared for demolition. Moscow architects drew up the necessary document for this, according to which the monument was supposedly so rebuilt in the 19th century that it is of no interest to history. In 1963, at the request of Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, the architect Nikolai Nikolaevich Sveshnikov took care of the monument. In 1963-1966, under his leadership, based on scientific research of the monument, restoration was carried out. The restoration mainly consisted of freeing the original original elements from later cladding and strengthening the structural elements. All lost original parts and components have been restored from the surviving tail sections.
Trinity Cathedral (1836) of the Kremlin, the height of which is 25 m. The features of the earlier Catherine’s era are felt in it: powerful two tiers are united by one order of pilasters, at the top there are semi-circular windows and round windows-vents. All these are typical techniques of Catherine’s era in architecture.
The railway station building, erected according to a standard design by K. A. Ton in the middle of the 19th century.
The oldest monument of the Klin Kremlin is the Church of the Resurrection, preserved from the times when Klin was a “pit”. The church with a high hipped bell tower was built at the expense of parishioners in 1712. It was located in the Kremlin, which never had stone structures or fortifications. Its old earthen ramparts have not survived, but a deep ravine is visible that protected the approaches to the city. The church was built in the Naryshkin Baroque style, but the monument does not reflect this style well enough: the windows are too small, and the walls seem to swallow up the columns.
In 1789, a three-tier bell tower with a short tent was erected - an example of conservatism. The bell tower is located in the third tier, and the first two are equipped with decorative illuminated stairs. In this building one can feel the Western European taste for massiveness, characteristic of the 16th century. The bell tower is the main vertical dominant of the city. There are no buildings from the 17th century in the city.
Demyanovo estate in Klin. The former Demyanovo estate is now located within the city limits. In the 19th century, the estate belonged to the landowner D. B. Mertvago, with whom A. S. Pushkin visited in 1811. In 1883, Demyanovo was acquired by a Russian public figure, lawyer V.I. Taneyev, brother of the famous composer Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev. The owner of the estate collected a rich library (about 20 thousand volumes) and conducted extensive correspondence with prominent thinkers of his time. Composers P.I. Tchaikovsky and A.N. Scriabin, artist Apollinary Vasnetsov came to stay in Demyanovo. From 1904 to 1917, the Demyanovo estate was the summer residence of the remarkable Russian scientist and breeder K. A. Timiryazev. In 1946, on the day of the 25th anniversary of the death of V.I. Taneyev, a memorial plaque was installed on the house. In addition to the two-story house, built in the style of early classicism, the estate's Assumption Church (1746) has been preserved, which was subsequently significantly rebuilt.

Attractions

Klin
Assumption Cathedral in Klin State House-Museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky, at the museum there is a concert hall and an archive storage.

wedge

Museum-estate of Dmitry Mendeleev Assumption Cathedral (XVI century, once a monastery). House-Museum of Arkady Gaidar Temple of St. Tikhon Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” Trinity Cathedral (being restored) Museum of Local History Postal Yard (19th century) Shop under the clock City shopping arcades (1886-1888, architect S. K. Rodionov), Sovetskaya Square, 2nd House of the Mayor (19th century, architect S.A. Karin) Resurrection Church (1712) in the Naryshkin style with a hipped bell tower. Ruined Taneyev’s estate in Demyanovo. Exhibition complex “Klinskoe Podvorie” (museum of Christmas tree decorations).

Education[ | ]

Universities[ | ]

Moscow University of Humanities and Economics (Klin branch)[38]
Russian State Social University (Klin branch)
Institute of Information Technologies, Economics and Management

Colleges [ | ]

GBPOU MO "College "Moscow Region""
Klin Industrial and Economic College
Moscow Geological Exploration College

Schools[ | ]

Municipal educational institution Gymnasium No. 1
Municipal educational institution Gymnasium No. 2
Municipal Educational Institution Profile School No. 4. Since the beginning of September 2022, it has been the 3rd department of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 10
School No. 6
School No. 7
School No. 8 named after. V.V.Talalikhina
School No. 9
Municipal educational institution Lyceum No. 10 named after. D. I. Mendeleev (until 1991 named after A. P. Gaidar)
School No. 11. Since the beginning of 2022, it has been the municipal educational institution-Gymnasium No. 2[39]
Klin special (correctional) school No. 12
Municipal educational institution Secondary School No. 13. Since the beginning of September 2022, it has been the 2nd branch of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 10
School No. 14. Since the beginning of 2022, it has been the municipal educational institution-Gymnasium No. 2[39]
Municipal educational institution Gymnasium No. 15
School No. 16
School No. 17
Municipal educational institution Evening (shift) school No. 1
Municipal educational institution "Youth" secondary school. Since the beginning of 2022, it has been a municipal educational institution-Gymnasium No. 2[39]
Orthodox classical gymnasium "Sofia"
Municipal educational institution Novoshchapovskaya secondary school named after. P. P. Edunova
Municipal educational institution secondary school of the village. Tchaikovsky

Additional education[ | ]

Music school named after. P. I. Tchaikovsky
School of Foreign Languages VKS
Educational and methodological

There are also a large number of kindergartens and other preschool educational institutions in the city.

Educational establishments

Modern Humanitarian Academy Moscow Finance and Law Academy RGSU (Klin branch) Klin Industrial and Economic College Vocational School No. 51 Vocational School No. 3 Klin Evening Industrial and Economic College MGRT Moscow Geological Exploration College Educational and Methodological IITEM School of Foreign Languages VKS MOU-Gymnasium No. 1 MOU -Gymnasium No. 2 School No. 4 School No. 6 School No. 7 School No. 8 School No. 9 Municipal Educational Institution-Lyceum No. 10 named after. D. I. Mendeleev School No. 11 MOU-Secondary School No. 13 School No. 14 MOU-Gymnasium No. 15 School No. 16 School No. 17 Music School named after. P. I. Tchaikovsky

Industry[ | ]

CJSC "Rybkhoz Klinsky"
Bioacoustic LLC (sturgeon fish
LLC "AGC Flat Glass Klin" (Agc Flat Glass Klin, formerly known as Glaverbel)
Machine tool
JSC "Medsteklo"
Feed mill
Klin production complex of OJSC "SUN InBev"
OJSC "Klinsky Meat Processing Plant"
OJSC "Klinsky Bread Factory"
Klin-Pharmaglas LLC (production of containers for pharmacology)
LLC “Company “Nafta-Chem”” (production of non-woven materials)
Reckitt Benckiser LLC
Samson LLC
JSC Termopribor
OJSC "Klinvolokno" (plant No. 507)
LLC Center for Independent Technologies (development and implementation of innovative IT solutions for large industrial enterprises)
LLC "TECHNOMAX"
OJSC "Klinskoe PPZhT"
Klin Construction Plant LLC
JSC Klin Design and Construction Plant
LLC "Klin Furniture Plant"

The volume of shipped goods of own production, work and services performed in-house in manufacturing industries for 2009 - 29.3 billion rubles [ source not specified 3565 days

]

Media[ | ]

Television[ | ]

Trust telecommunications company.
The Klin branch of the Moscow TV Channel broadcasts in the city.
KTS TV channel.
Channel "TNT-Klin".
Channel "YOUTH TV"
Channel "STS" [CJSC STS-Region].
Channel “MyKlin. RU"
Channel "TV Search"

Radio stations[ | ]

70.43 – Radio Russia / Radio 1
89.7 - Radio 1 (PLAN)
90.6 — Road radio
102.9 — Radio Rodnykh Dorog
104.0 – Radio Dacha (PLAN)
107.1 – Europe Plus
107.9 – Autoradio

Print[ | ]

"Hammer and sickle"
"Klin News"
"Orthodox Klin"
"Klin Week"
“Everything for you - Klin”
"Business style"
"Consent and Truth"
"Advertising week"
"Partnership and advertising"
"Club-INFO"
"Klinsky Fan Messenger"

Notes[ | ]

↑ 123
The permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved April 27, 2022. Archived May 2, 2022.
Telephone of the city of Klin (undefined)
. kody.su. Access date: April 1, 2016.
Average air temperature in Klin in July, Average air temperature in Klin in January
Climate Klin — meteoblue (Russian). Date accessed: November 21, 2021.
Klin, district town of the Moscow province // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Law of the Moscow Region No. 33/2016-OZ “On assigning the honorary title of the Moscow Region “Settlement of Military Valor” to the city of Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow
. Moscow Regional Duma. Access date: May 11, 2016.
Law of the Moscow Region No. 165/2017-OZ “On classifying the city of Klin, Klin district of the Moscow region, as a city of regional subordination of the Moscow region, abolishing the Klin district of the Moscow region and amending the Law of the Moscow region “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Moscow region” (unspecified. )
.
Moscow Regional Duma
(October 9, 2017). Access date: November 18, 2022.
The law was published on October 9 and comes into force 10 days later. 9+10=October 19.
↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 People
's Encyclopedia “My City”.
Klin (city) (undefined)
. Retrieved June 13, 2014. Archived June 13, 2014.
All-Union Population Census of 1939. The size of the urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intra-city areas (unspecified)
. Retrieved November 30, 2013. Archived November 30, 2013.
All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
All-Union Population Census of 1979 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
National Economy of the USSR 1922-1982 (Anniversary Statistical Yearbook)
National economy of the USSR for 70 years: anniversary statistical yearbook: [arch. June 28, 2016] / USSR State Committee on Statistics. - Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1987. - 766 p.
All-Union population census of 1989. Urban population (undefined)
. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (unspecified)
. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 (unspecified)
. Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
Population census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, city districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements (Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Access date: February 9, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 (unspecified)
. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) (undefined)
. Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (unspecified)
. Access date: August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (unspecified)
. Access date: August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016 (Russian) (October 5, 2018). Retrieved May 15, 2022. Archived May 8, 2022.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian) (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2022. Archived July 31, 2022.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2022.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 31, 2019. Archived May 2, 2022.
Estimation of the permanent population of the Moscow region as of January 1, 2022 and on average for 2022 for municipalities (unspecified)
. Mosoblaststat. Access date: April 20, 2022.
taking into account the cities of Crimea
https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/bul_Chislen_nasel_MO-01-01-2021.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (1.85 Mb, 07/30/2021)
There is a landfill all around: How residents of the Klin region are struggling with the rapidly growing landfill. Report by Evgeny Berg (Russian), Meduza
. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
Garbage riots: now Klin. The Moscow region is struggling with landfills (Russian). Radio Liberty. Access date: October 17, 2022.
Aleksinsky quarry landfill in Klin 2022 (English). Access date: October 17, 2022.
Save Klin (Russian). Retrieved October 17, 2022.
Garbage landfill in Klin: instead of closing, they are building a new road (Russian), news agency REGNUM
. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
Deforestation and destruction of agricultural fields in Klin (Russian), fed-selsovet.online
. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
Report of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation “Analysis of the effectiveness of measures to ensure the processing of municipal solid waste and proposals to ensure the accounting of the opinions of citizens of the Russian Federation during the construction of objects used to process these waste”
MSEU - higher economic and legal education in Moscow (undefined)
. mgei.ru. Date accessed: May 4, 2022.
↑ 1 2 3 Administration of GO Klin.
Resolution of the administration of the Klin city district dated 07/08/2019 No. 1324 (Russian)
(unspecified)
.
Administration of GO Klin
(07/08/2019).
The Bank of Russia issues commemorative coins made of precious and base metals

Klin is historical. Magnificent sketches of memorable places

Klin is one of the oldest cities in Rus', lying on an ancient route from Moscow and Dmitrov to Novgorod, and from the 18th century to St. Petersburg. The wooden fortress stood on the high banks of the Sestrya River (from the Finno-Ugric language - “River of Blackcurrant Banks” or “Currant”), gradually the name was transformed into Sestra. One of the first mentions of a fortress called Klin can be found in 1317; the Nikon Chronicle says: “... In the summer of 6825... Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow with Kavgady and with many Tatars and with the princes of Suzdal... went from Kostroma to Rostov, and from Rostov I’ll go to Pereyaslavl, and from Pereyaslavl I’ll go to Dmitrov, and from Dmitrov to Klin”...

The wooden fortress was erected on the high bank of the Sestra River, which made a large bend here and created convenient conditions for defense. Currently, the remains of a moat near the Kremlin have been preserved. Since the 14th century, Klin was part of the strongest Tver principality and was repeatedly attacked either by Russian princes or by the Tatar army, because being on the border, Klin was at the epicenter of the confrontation between Moscow, Tver and Novgorod. It was burned to the ground several times (for example, in 1408). Only after the final victory over the Tatar-Mongols during the time of Ivan III, the Tver Principality was annexed to Moscow.

Source https://pastvu.com/p/539611

City of Klin. View from the village of Praslovo

In 1569, Ivan the Terrible and his guardsmen went to pacify Novgorod the Great. His path lay through Klin. Based on a denunciation of treason by the Clinchans, a bloody massacre was carried out against the population. As a result of the pogrom, several hundred people were killed, many buildings were destroyed or burned to the ground. There are legends that the guardsmen carried out a massacre in search of the gold of the Novgorod merchant Velyaminov hidden here. According to legends, the wealth was hidden somewhere in one of the underground passages, of which there was a whole network in Klin. But no one found gold...

Residents of the city buried the dead, and in their honor they built the Assumption Church, which has survived and is still in use. The temple is a small brick cube with three altar apses, topped by one chapter on a light drum, a cross-domed composition. The interior space of the church is very harmoniously organized.

There are several versions of the construction of this temple. According to an old legend, the cathedral was built in memory of the townspeople who died as innocent victims of the campaign of Ivan the Terrible’s army, and according to one version, it was the repentant sovereign who allocated funds for the construction of the stone temple. According to another, the money was collected by the surviving townspeople. According to the third version, which does not involve massacres in Klin, the king actually allocated money for the beautification of the monastery in order to be able to stay in it during his long campaigns.

Assumption Church and Belfry
The archives of the Moscow Kremlin contain a letter from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. It follows from it that when the king was hunting, the queen had a premature birth, and “out of fear for the sake of mortals,” the newborn baby was baptized in the Assumption Church of Klin. This baby was the future Emperor Peter I.

In 1810, the building of the Assumption Church underwent reconstruction. A refectory, porticoes with a colonnade and a three-tier bell tower were added to the temple. The Sergievsky and All Saints chapels are located in the refectory. From the decoration of past centuries, ancient icons of the Tikhvin Mother of God and Sergius of Radonezh were preserved in the iconostasis of the Assumption Church.

The names of famous people of Russia are associated with the Assumption Church. In particular, Tchaikovsky attended services here, which he mentions in his diary entries.

During Soviet times, the temple suffered a generally standard fate for that era - on December 26, 1931, it was closed, the decorations were destroyed, and the bell tower was blown up. At the same time, the refectory was partially destroyed. At various times, the building housed a medical library, a medical museum, a dormitory and a commercial warehouse. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the temple was used as a warehouse for salt, which in a short time ate into the floor and walls.

In the post-war period, after the Belgian princess visited the P. I. Tchaikovsky Museum, she made a complete donation to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR for the restoration of the temple, which was carried out in 1962-1967 under the leadership of the famous architect Nikolai Sveshnikov. All 19th-century extensions were removed, the salt was removed, and the temple appeared in its original form. But later, the city authorities did not find a better use for the restored masterpiece than to use it as a warehouse for the canteen trust.

In 1992, the temple was returned to believers. The first service in the revived church took place that same year on the feast of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Soon, a belfry in the style of Pskov architecture was built not far from the temple, and the church found its “voice.” On November 11, 1998, the newly restored church was consecrated by Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsky and Kolomna.

Klin Trinity Cathedral is the only unrestored cathedral in the Moscow region...

During the “Great Troubles,” Klin, besieged by the Poles, was defended by Prince Dmitry Lopata Pozharsky, cousin of the famous Dmitry Pozharsky. The townspeople withstood the siege. Subsequently, Klin became the patrimony of the Romanovs. As part of the Moscow Principality, the city began to lose its military-strategic importance, increasingly becoming a center of crafts and trade. This was facilitated by its geographical location. The construction of the new capital, St. Petersburg, only gave the city a new stimulus for economic growth. The layout of Klin increasingly subordinated itself to the highway, around which the main city life took place: residents supplied travelers with everything they needed, from horse harnesses to provisions. In 1702, by decree of Peter I, a postal post was established in Klin, and city residents were obliged to send postal mail. The Yam craft left its mark on the development of local crafts. Under Empress Catherine II, Klin received a coat of arms, which depicted a postman on a green field, riding a horse and blowing a horn.

There was a demand for arcs, leather, clamps, hay and oats, and blacksmithing became widespread. Inns, trading shops, warehouses and wine cellars opened along the road. The city itself stretched along the highway. Since the 18th century, Klin was a city with highly developed trade. Trade was carried out in wines, tea, beef, corned beef, and fish. All these goods were received mainly from Moscow. The center of Klin trade was the Trading Rows on the central square.

In the first quarter of the 18th century, there were wooden shops built here in a busy trading area. But in the summer of 1885, during a strong fire that destroyed almost two-thirds of the city, they burned down. The entire population of the city came running to pour water on the surrounding houses to contain the fire. Water was transferred in buckets along a chain from the river. Composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was also in that chain at that time (a separate material about him will appear soon). The Klin merchants decided to build fundamentally. In just two years (1885-1887), brick Trading Rows were erected according to the design of the famous Moscow architect Sergei Rodionov, who lived for some time in Klin. They were built in pseudo-Russian style - imitation of ancient Russian architecture. This is evidenced by elements of the external architectural decoration. These are rhythmically repeating identical compositions of pediments - platbands in the form of little houses or maiden kokoshniks, expressive turrets with weather vanes, which creates a memorable architectural appearance.

Shopping arcades

Klin city, 1941. Shopping arcades, graves of German officers

There were shops on the first floor of the Trading Rows, and the owners' offices on the second. Among the other architectural elements, the arch connecting the two buildings stands out, in the niche of which there is an icon of St. Nicholas, the patron saint of trade and trading people. They sold everything here: meat and bakery, grocery and haberdashery products, as well as wines, juices, fruits, sweets, textiles, shoes, ironmongery and many other goods of that time. Most of the shops had metal doors with inscriptions on them. One such door has survived to this day, the sign on which reads: “Ivan’s shop, 1886, worked by Timofey Chilyshov.” Apparently, this master was famous in Klin for his blacksmithing skills.

Naturally, Pyotr Tchaikovsky often appeared in the updated Trade Rows. Joseph Nikitin, a clerk in the confectionery store of the merchant Monakhov, recalled: “A gentleman of medium height, with a light brown bushy beard, a simple, kind face, often came into the store, he always treated us, the clerks, politely. He dressed elegantly: a well-tailored light gray suit, a hat of the same color, and a cane in his hands. The store employees called him “master”; they did not know his first and patronymic. In the store he bought only good, top-quality goods: Marseille gingerbread, dry marshmallow, tahini halva, marmalade, Saxon pies, Baghdad pies.”

In 1781, Klin became a district town of the Moscow province, and three years later a master plan for its development was approved. The plan was based on two roads passing through Klin, Moskovskaya (Tchaikovsky Street) and Dmitrovskaya (Papivina Street). At their intersection, a central square was built, bearing the names Dolgorukovskaya, Pochtovaya, and Sobornaya. After the October Revolution it was renamed Soviet.

The local sands and clays turned out to be remarkably suitable for glass production. Glass began to be produced under Peter I's comrade-in-arms, Menshikov, and is still being produced today. Glassmaking began in artels - peasants made decorations and Christmas tree decorations at home, and this brought them much more income than the not very fertile Klin land. The main production, as usual, was launched by Russian merchants from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The merchant of the second guild Vasily Orlov and his sons Nikolai, Alexander and Mikhail became the founders of the glass factory. The Soviet government nationalized it, but, nevertheless, the city glass factory is still operating.

Bell tower of the Trinity Cathedral
The war with Napoleon's army did not reach Klin, but French detachments wandered around the city in search of provisions. Cossack detachments were also located near Klin, carrying out raids against enemy troops, exterminating enemy detachments, convoys and foragers. On September 13 (25), 1812, Adjutant General Baron Wintzingerode reported to His Imperial Majesty that with his entire detachment he moved to Klin and settled in the village of Davydovka (Davydkovo), 7 miles from the city, from where it is more convenient to reinforce the units entrusted to him and conduct reconnaissance of the enemy in case of his movement from Volokolamsk to Tver. By decree of Emperor Alexander I, a Cossack Yamsk regiment was formed to protect the highway between Moscow and St. Petersburg. It consisted of 200 people from each mail pit, including from Klin. This unit took part in the military campaign of 1813.

In 1784, a general plan with a rectangular grid of streets was approved for Klin. According to him, the city was divided into quarters: noble, merchant, raznochinsky, clergy, bourgeois and soldier. At the beginning of the 19th century, brick houses appeared here, a cathedral complex and a number of administrative buildings were erected. Residential buildings for the most part remained wooden until the aforementioned fire in 1885.

The city's cathedral complex consists of the Trinity Cathedral, the Resurrection Church, the bell tower and the cathedral hotel. This part of the city began to take shape at the beginning of the 18th century and took its final form by the 1830s with the completion of the cathedral.

The Trinity Cathedral (1802-1836), 25 meters high, is the dominant feature of the cathedral complex and the entire area, despite significant reconstructions that distorted the original appearance of the building almost beyond recognition. The brick plastered temple in the style of classicism was crowned with five massive light drums, the central one surrounded by semi-columns. The sides of the temple were decorated with Ionic porticoes with pediments. Adjacent to the main quadrangle of the temple was a spacious refectory with two side chapels. In the 1950s, the cathedral was disfigured by reconstructions, after which it began to be called the Palace of Culture, which it remained until recently. Its reconstruction has now begun.

Church of the Resurrection
Behind the Trinity Cathedral rises the pillar of a three-tier bell tower. It is older than the cathedral (1796) and in its architecture is close to the examples of the 16th century. According to some researchers, its lower tier is even older. The brick building with white stone cladding is covered with cement plaster. The lower tiers are solid, with smooth edges, in which small windows are cut, indicating a staircase; in the upper, smallest tier there are bell arches. The bell tower is crowned by a small tent. Because of the massive cathedral building, the bell tower tent is visible from the side of the square, like a cathedral dome of an unusual shape.

During Soviet times, a water tower was built in the bell tower, and only in 1994 did it return to its intended purpose. The Church of the Holy Trinity is located in the lower tier of the bell tower.

The earliest building of the complex is the Church of the Resurrection of the Word. It was built as a parish in 1712 or 1717 (sources vary). The brick building of the “octagon on a quadruple” type was severely disfigured during Soviet times, but has now been practically restored.

The composition of the cathedral complex is completed by a hotel, a small two-story brick building standing in the line of the fence. Its lower floor dates back to the first half of the 19th century, the second - to the beginning of the 20th century. On the second floor, the windows are framed with frames in the early modern style.

At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, the city's industry took its first steps: two malting enterprises, a small brick factory and a pottery workshop appeared. In 1810, the Skokov tannery was built. In 1836, merchant A. M. Monakhov founded a potato production line, and in 1840 - a gingerbread establishment (confectionery factory), where he established the production of molasses and soft drinks.

The building of the Klin station of the Nikolaev railway. At its far end there was a Royal Chapel. Kings prayed in it. Now there is a public toilet...

Another chapel, the Klin Icon of the Mother of God (built in memory of the deliverance of Emperor Alexander III from the danger that threatened him during the assassination attempt in St. Petersburg) and the cabbie exchange at the Klin railway station

The same chapel from a different angle and a pedestrian bridge

In 1851, the first Nikolaev railway in Russia passed through Klin. At the same time, a station building appeared in the city, designed by architects Konstantin Ton and Rudolf Zhelyazevich. This is a standard project, with a gallery on cast iron columns and the obligatory imperial hall; eclectic elements are used in its architecture. At the initiative of the railway administration, at the beginning of the 20th century, a complex of standard two-story houses for railway employees was built near the station. Klinsky railway station is one of seven “1st class stations” built on the Nikolaevskaya railway during its creation. There were similar buildings at the stations Tver, Spirovo, Bologoe, Okulovka, Malaya Vishera, Lyuban.

Since then, Yamsk transportation along the St. Petersburg-Moscow highway began to decline. Coachmen and inn owners were forced to look for other occupations. As a result of economic decline, urban population growth has almost stopped. But at the same time, the railway and the 1861 reform to abolish serfdom created the prerequisites for the development of industry in the district.

The historical buildings in the center of Klin have been heavily altered inside, but the outside has been well preserved - today many of them look the same as they did many years ago, and even perform the same functions.

House of the Mayor
The house of the Klin mayor was built at the end of the 18th century by the architect Semyon Karin. At one time it was the most luxurious building in Klin. Now it’s hard to believe - a wide, squat one-story building with a huge triangular pediment looks more than modest. Here in 1812 the headquarters of Ferdinand Wintzingerode's corps was located, covering Tver and St. Petersburg from Napoleon's army, which occupied Moscow. Information was received that Bonaparte had moved his troops to Klin, and Winzengerode prepared to leave the city. The staff officers carried out the commander's order - to destroy the wine cellar in order to leave the enemy without food. Napoleon never went to St. Petersburg, but the job was done... Until recently, the mayor’s house was occupied by the Klin traffic police department, now, after restoration, it is a public organization.

Postal yard

The postal yard is a horse-drawn postal station, built in the 80s of the 18th century in the classicist style, consists of a central two-story brick building and two one-story service wings forming a courtyard. The structure has the shape of a regular closed quadrangle, with the main building on the street side having two floors, and the back entrance on the courtyard side having three. The postal yard was built according to a standard, “exemplary” design and does not pretend to be architecturally original - there are similar buildings in many old Russian cities. But the Klin Postal Yard still went down in history. Here the Russian prose writer, poet, philosopher Alexander Radishchev listened to the blind singer - he describes this episode in his famous book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.” And during the Great Patriotic War, when the Germans stormed Klin, Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, who organized the defense of the city, spoke on the phone with the Kremlin from this building.

The two-story treasury building, built in the first quarter of the 19th century, is a historical and architectural monument as an example of administrative development in the classicist style. A low brick fence forms a courtyard leading down to the Sestra River. Another feature of the house is the high brick wall chimney. Before the revolution, the building housed the city treasury; it has retained its specificity to this day - now it houses the financial department.

Pharmacy building

In the 90s of the 19th century, the pharmacy building belonged to the owner of the glass factory, merchant Vasily Orlov. The plant, among other things, produced glass medical equipment and packaging for medicines, and on the ground floor of the house where Orlov lived there was a pharmacy - the first in Klin and in the district. The building immediately aroused unprecedented interest among the townspeople due to its unusual architecture - it was built in the Art Nouveau style. The facade was decorated with facing bricks and plaster, and a decorative metal fence was installed on the roof. The original layout and decoration have been completely lost, but the appearance of the building is well preserved.

Women's gymnasium. The modern educational institution located in the building traces its origins to the pre-revolutionary classical gymnasium. It was built at the very beginning of the 20th century with funds received from the city and personal donations. The women's gymnasium, as was customary at that time, had seven classes of education with an additional eighth special class - girls who completed eight classes received the status of a home teacher. The children of merchants, nobles, factory owners, and clergy studied at the gymnasium—most working families could not afford education. After the October Revolution, the gymnasium was reorganized into a school.

Women's Grammar School (left) and Treasury

The city of Klin is one of the recognized centers of the history of musical culture. When coming here, you can’t help but visit the House-Museum of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Here, from 1885 to 1893, the genius of Russian music lived and worked, a creative teacher of many generations of composers around the world. During his life in this house and the surrounding areas of Klin - Frolovsky and Maidanov - he wrote many of his masterpieces. Klinyans carefully preserve everything related to Tchaikovsky’s stay in their city. The complex with the House Museum includes a wonderful concert hall.

House-Museum of P. I. Tchaikovsky

It is interesting that in Klin, where the memory of Pyotr Ilyich is honored, you can see three monuments to the great composer. The first monument, or rather the bust of Tchaikovsky, greets those who come to the city by rail (photo from 2005), as it stands near the railway station building, between the platforms. The author is the famous sculptor Vera Mukhina. The second one was installed in 1995 in the park near the Trinity Cathedral on Sovetskaya Square. Sculptor Christopher Gevorkyan depicted Pyotr Ilyich standing thoughtfully and looking into the distance. The third monument was opened in our century - in 2006, next to the composer’s house-museum. The author is Honored Artist of Russia Alexander Rozhnikov, winner of the competition for the best monument project. The sculptural composition depicts Pyotr Ilyich sitting on a bench in a private park, with a notebook in his hand. A hat and a cane lie nearby. The monument is made to resemble ancient bronze, so many museum visitors believe that it has been standing here for many years.

Monuments to Tchaikovskos: at the station (left), in the park near the Trinity Cathedral and at the house-museum (below)

We can’t help but mention another symbol of Klin—the “Store under the clock.” Among the architectural monuments it is one of the most interesting. This is an old merchant's house of the 19th century, above which rises a clock tower. The building stands out from the rest of the architecture with its brick facades, with which the castle window casings contrast. Stylistically, the house is reminiscent of the architecture typical of the architect Konstantin Ton, who built the station building here, but his authorship, unfortunately, has not been proven. The building with the clock was originally intended for commercial activities. Until the October Revolution, there was a tavern and a teahouse here. It is interesting that the house that belonged to the merchant Mikhailov, popularly called the “clock shop,” did not have a clock in the first years of its existence. They appeared only in 1924, symbolizing the beginning of a new socialist era.

And since 1925, a store of the All-Union Association for Trade with Foreigners (Torgsin) was opened here, full of expensive products that could only be bought for gold and foreign currency. The store became a museum for the townspeople, where they could only look at any product: the shelves were bursting with an abundance of expensive goods.

Klin's life was marked by the rapid development of industrial and housing construction, improvement and growth in the prosperity of the population. The Great Patriotic War made its own terrible adjustments. Many residential buildings were destroyed. Therefore, the building on the corner of Lenin and Liteinaya streets began to be adapted for housing, just as before the war itself, when a women’s dormitory was organized in the building on the first floor, and a men’s dormitory on the second. In 1943, the internal layout of the house was changed and it was rebuilt into communal apartments. They existed here until 1977.

“The Shop Under the Clock”
In the 1960s, a store of ready-made dresses and discounted goods began operating on the ground floor of the building. And then instead of these goods they began to sell dairy products here. Since August 30, 1977, the top floor has housed the Klin Department of Architecture and Urban Planning.

Sculpture-fountain “Girl-mycelium”. Initially, it was a simple statue that decorated a private estate in the village of Zolino. It was cast back in the 18th century at an iron foundry near Yekaterinburg. The landowner Chernyadev brought a “mycelium picker” to the Klinsky district, or more precisely, to the village of Zolino, who installed it on his estate in memory of his daughter, who went into the forest to pick mushrooms and did not return. During the revolution, the statue was thrown into a pond, but the masterpiece, created according to the design of the sculptor Fyodor Kamensky at the Ural Kasli plant, was raised and installed in the city square in 1935. However, this time the monument did not stand for long, as it was stolen by attackers and sold for scrap metal, where the “Mycelium Girl” was found. For safety reasons, the original monument was moved to the local history museum, and its duplicate is located in the shopping mall park on Sovetskaya Square.

Fountain “Mycelium Girl” (photo from 2005)

After the October Revolution of 1917 and during the civil war, many enterprises in Klin and the district were closed due to lack or absence of fuel and raw materials. The number of residents decreased sharply: if in 1917 6,700 people lived in Klin, then by 1920 only 3,700 remained.

In the first years of Soviet power, work began on the improvement of the city. Klin received light from a power plant built on the Sestra River near the village of Maidanovo. Among the famous construction projects of the first five-year plan is the construction of the Klinvolokno factory, which began in 1923. On March 2, 1931, the factory began its work history and soon became the leading enterprise in the region. In 1926, a glass factory was launched. A lot of work has been done in the field of public education in Klin. They opened clubs and libraries, two seven-year schools, organized four literacy centers, and eleven schools for the illiterate. By the end of the first five-year plan, 226 collective farms were created in the region.

During the Great Patriotic War, from November 23 to December 15, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops. The liberation of Klin is a bright page not only in the history of the city, but also of the entire country. The counteroffensive of the Soviet army near Moscow, launched on December 6, 1941, was carried out by the 1st Shock Army under the command of Lieutenant General Vasily Kuznetsov in the southern direction and the 30th Army of Major General Dmitry Lelyushenko in the north. The battles near Klin are unique in that the numerical superiority of Soviet troops over the enemy was insignificant, and the tanks and artillery of the German army outnumbered ours. The incredible courage and bravery of the soldiers allowed the village of Yamuga to be stormed on December 8, and about 20 German tanks and an infantry regiment were destroyed in the battle. The next day, having liberated the village of Rogachevo, Soviet troops approached the outskirts of Klin.

Fragment of the Military Glory Memorial

Map of the Klin-Solnechnogorsk operation

(December 6–December 25, 1941)

Klin, st. Foundry, December 1941

December 1941. Soviet soldiers examine broken German military equipment in the city of Klin

Wedge. December 1941

Abandoned German vehicles on the road from Klin, December 1941

Wedge. December 15, 1941

On December 14, troops of the 1st Shock Army approached the city of Klin from the southeast, encircling the city. According to historical data, the Klin operation is the first case of encirclement of fascist troops in the history of this war. The Germans were offered surrender, but they refused, so Klin had to be taken by storm. On December 15, the Nazis’ attempt to break out of encirclement was crowned with success; fascist troops broke through to the Volokolamsk Highway, but they were overtaken by Soviet artillery from the south and north. The date of liberation of Klin is considered to be December 15, 1941; it was by the evening of this day that not a single German remained in the city.

The Memorial of Military Glory in Klin was opened on May 9, 1995 - on the 50th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War near the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow (1840-1860). The main sculptural composition, installed in the year of opening, the work of artist Oleg Kiryukhin and architect Valery Stepanov, symbolizes the unconquered spirit of the Soviet soldier. The composition consists of three figures - a wounded soldier and another soldier and a nurse supporting him. The eternal flame for the memorial was delivered to Klin from the 41st kilometer of the Leningrad Highway (there, near present-day Zelenograd, fascist troops rushing to Moscow were stopped in November 1941). It is interesting that the memorial continues to be supplemented with expressive details. Over the past 20 years since the opening, the composition has been supplemented by a granite slab in memory of the Klin residents who died in the war, the sculpture “Grieving Mother”, a monument to the Klin residents - Heroes of the Soviet Union, a memorial to “Compatriot Soldiers who died in the line of international duty” and other elements.

Fragment of the Memorial of Military Glory
On one of the sections of the Memorial, also next to the temple, there is the grave of the Klin pioneer Misha Balakirev. He was not talked about in books, he was not awarded a posthumous order or medal, but the townspeople remember and honor their young hero. On December 14, the day before the liberation of the city by Soviet troops, a 13-year-old boy was shot by the Nazis. Before the war, he graduated from 5 classes of the railway school...

Misha Balakirev

After the liberation of Klin, behind the barn, one of the residents discovered the tortured body of a young man with numerous gunshot and stab wounds. It was Misha Balakirev. Based on eyewitness accounts, the picture of what happened was reconstructed. There was an Opel car parked near one of the houses. Misha, passing by, saw a holster with a pistol lying on the seat. He opened the car door and took the gun, but did not have time to leave. A fascist who happened to be nearby took the weapon, but for some reason let the boy go. Later, when weapons from other occupiers began to disappear, the Germans became interested in this fact and began to look for the teenager. When questioned, one of the women, discussing who it could be, blurted out too much and mentioned Misha. The Germans raided his parents' house with a search. Ammunition, a rifle, and other weapons were found in the attic. Misha was arrested and brutally tortured. The torment that the young man endured indicates that he did not say anything to the fascists.

Misha Balakirev's grave

The act drawn up by a representative of the city party committee, Misha’s neighbors and parents said: “... Misha Balakirev collected weapons, organized pioneers to fight the occupiers. During the retreat, the Germans grabbed Misha and took him for interrogation. They bullied the boy in every possible way. The next day the Germans took Misha outside the barn and shot him.” One of the streets of Klin was named after him.

The Demyanovo estate is one of the oldest and most beautiful places in the Klin region. The architectural ensemble of the Demyanovo estate was formed in the late seventies of the 18th century.

A. Vasnetsov. Demyanovo, Assumption Church, 1907

A. Vasnetsov. In the shade of the linden trees. Demyanovo. 1907

A. Vasnetsov. Royal Pond. Demyanovo. 1915

A. Vasnetsov. Pond and dungeon. Demyanovo. 1915

The estate complex was built in the style of early classicism with baroque elements (although the estate has come down to us with extensive reconstruction). At this time, a house and utility rooms were built, a garden was laid out, and an earlier wooden church became part of the estate. The Main House is located on the main compositional axis, oriented from northeast to southwest. To the east of it there are stone buildings (from the same period) of a spacious utility courtyard. In front of the house, on the northern and southern sides, a huge park was laid out and cascading ponds were built.

The names of many outstanding representatives of Russian culture are associated with Demyanov. In the summer of 1811, on the way to St. Petersburg, Vasily Lvovich Pushkin and his nephew Alexander Pushkin, whom he accompanied to enter the Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum, stayed at the estate of D. B. Mertvago. In 1813, on his way to St. Petersburg, the great Russian poet Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin visited the estate. A friend of A. S. Pushkin, P. A. Vyazemsky, also visited the estate. In the 1830s, the famous Russian writer M. N. Zagoskin came to Demyanovo several times.

At V.I. Taneyev was often visited by his brother, composer Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev, P.I.’s favorite student. Tchaikovsky. The following people came to their estate several times: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who lived several miles away in the village of Frolovskoye; composer A. N. Scriabin; artist A. M. Vasnetsov, who created many sketches and landscapes in Demyanov and its picturesque surroundings. At Taneyev’s dachas, in estate buildings adapted for this purpose, the following people lived for long periods, sometimes decades: the natural scientist K. A. Timiryazev, who had his own laboratory there; Gnessin family, professor at Moscow and St. Petersburg universities. The poet of the “Silver Age” Andrei Bely (B.N. Bugaev) calls Demyanovo his native place.

And where there are views and territories, there, as a rule, there are views of commercial interests...

On July 16, 2016, on the eve of the day of remembrance of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers, on the territory of the Demyanovo estate during an evening service, practically under the windows of the Demyanovsky Church, the first festival of Holi colors in Klin was held...

Klin, Demyanovo. Sabbat

Wedge. City Day, August 27, 2016. Holi festival at the Ice Palace…

The post-war and modern history of Klin is the history of a working city, known throughout the country for its enterprises such as “Meat Processing Plant”, “Beer Plant”, and “Termopribor”, construction industry enterprises. Modern Klin is a large economic center of the Northern Moscow region. Based on the results of recent years, it is recognized as one of the most dynamically developing regions of the Moscow region in terms of economic, social and cultural indicators.

Monuments to Valery Kharlamov (right) and Sergei Afanasyev
Among the modern architectural forms of Klin, you should definitely see the monument to a native of the city, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, Minister of General Engineering of the USSR Sergei Afanasyev. For many years he worked for the benefit of the rocket and space industry of the Soviet Union and was the leader of the launch and docking of our Soyuz-19 spacecraft with the American Apollo.

Nearby, in the Afanasyev park, in July 2012, the first monument in the Moscow region to the patrons of family and marriage, Orthodox Saints Peter and Fevronia, was inaugurated. The initiative to create it belongs to the administration of the Klinsky district. The author of the project is sculptor Konstantin Kubyshkin. The bronze sculpture was made at the LitArt foundry in the city of Zhukovsky. The composition meets the newlyweds at the exit from the registry office.

Monument to Saints Peter and Fevronia

On the square, in honor of the opening of the Ice Palace, in June 2005, a monument to the legend of Russian hockey, Valery Kharlamov, by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan, was erected. The monument is a bust of the great Soviet hockey player on a granite pedestal, behind which there is a symbolic puck made of black granite, split into two parts. The ice palace was also named after the legendary hockey player. And this is no coincidence. Kharlamov’s life is largely connected with Klin and the Klin region. Here he first appeared in the early 1970s at the dacha of CSKA teammate Boris Mikhailov in the village of Pokrovka, and here he met his future wife Irina, a resident of the same village. During the holidays, and often after intense matches in Moscow, Kharlamov came to Pokrovka to rest. He readily responded to proposals to hold meetings in labor collectives of the city of Klin. Keeping in shape, he repeatedly came alone and with his teammates to play football at the Stroitel stadium in Klin, which always delighted the local football players.

Modern Klin is a developed industrial center of the Moscow region, where great importance is paid to the development of infrastructure and caring for the well-being of residents of the city and region. In recent years, the city has become unusually clean, cozy and inviting. It harmoniously combines monuments of ancient art with the modern pace of city life. The love of the people of Clinch to build something new, without forgetting the great past, forces them to carefully preserve and honor traditions.

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