There are many interesting places in Russia that amaze with architectural masterpieces and other attractions. Some cities are not as attractive as Moscow or St. Petersburg, but they can also tell about the history of the country. In the Volga region there is a quiet and cozy town of Kashin in the Tver region. It attracts not only ordinary tourists, but also Orthodox pilgrims.
City `s history
The name of the city could come from the personal name “Kasha”, mentioned in ancient Russian documents, or from the treat itself, which in the past was associated with a wedding ceremony. Kashin was first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle in 1238. At that time, the city, like several other settlements in the country, was ravaged by the Tatars. The second time they wrote about him was in 1287.
For a long period, Kashin was one of the most important cities of Tver. In 1399, the appanage Kashin principality became independent, but a few years later it again went to Tver.
After some time, the city was recognized as an important center of trade, and its merchants became famous in near and far regions. Handicraft production developed rapidly in Kashin. The production of whitewash was well established, which was depicted on the city coat of arms in the lower part. The city kept its own chronicles and even minted a local coin called the pool.
In 1485, the Tver principality, together with Kashin, became part of the Moscow principality. Soon the city was no longer considered a commercial and industrial center. In the 17th century, many sad events happened in Kashin:
- During the Time of Troubles it was defeated by the Poles.
- In 1654, the city experienced a plague epidemic.
- And in 1676 there was a fire in Kashin that destroyed almost everything. However, the city quickly recovered.
After St. Petersburg was founded, Kashin began to develop faster. The city was famous for its potters, blacksmiths and icon painters. It also often hosted fairs. With the help of rich merchants and artisans, the appearance of Kashin changed. Many churches and stone houses were built on its territory. In 1775, Kashinsky district was established in the city.
During the Great Patriotic War of 1812, Kashin merchants helped form the city militia and provided it with food. After the war events, flax production began to actively develop in the city. This industry brought great profits to Kashin.
In the second half of the 19th century, the Resurrection Cathedral, a hospital, a library and a local history museum were built in the city. In 1898, a railway was built from Kashin to St. Petersburg. Soon stone shopping arcades were built. Since the people of Kashin were known for their piety, even the poorer sections of the population donated money for the creation of temples. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 25 churches and 3 monasteries in the city.
City of KASHIN. (Tver region)In the photo: The largest “object” of the city is the Resurrection Cathedral
built 1855 - 1867. Built with the money of merchant Nikolai Vasilyevich Terlikov. Later, a bell tower about 76 meters high was added to it. Under its ringing, a tower clock was installed in 1872, which the merchant personally purchased at an auction in Leipzig.
Kashin is one of the oldest cities in the Tver land. There is a version that the name of the city is of Finno-Ugric origin. The date of foundation of the city is unknown, and the first mention of the city dates back to 1238
.
In the Nikon Chronicle, Kashin is mentioned among the cities devastated by the Mongols. The second mention dates back to 1287, when the Grand Duke of Vladimir Dmitry Alexandrovich and his allies in a campaign against Mikhail Yaroslavich Tver besieged Kashin for nine days.
Kashin (not everyone knows about this) was part of the Tver Principality for many years as one of the most important
cities.
In 1319, it was inherited by the son of Mikhail Tverskoy, Vasily Mikhailovich, who founded it in honor of his mother, later canonized Anna Kashinskaya
, Assumption Monastery.
In the 14th century, the city was drawn into the opposition between the Tver and Moscow principalities, against the backdrop of the fact that local princes also sought to defend their independent position.
In 1375, after the defeat of Tver in the fight against Moscow, Prince Vasily Mikhailovich briefly achieved independence. But already in 1382 - 1399 the city of Kashin again belonged to Tver.
In 1485, together with the entire Tver Principality, Kashin was annexed to Moscow, which caused a long decline of Kashin as a commercial and industrial center.
In the photo: Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium
downtown.
In the 17th century, the city experienced a number of disasters: during the Time of Troubles, Kashin was destroyed by the Poles, in 1654 the plague struck the city, and in 1676, the city of Kashin burned almost to the ground. However, the city quickly regained its potential. Along with the production of the best paints in Russia, the city was famous for its blacksmiths, potters and icon painters, as well as its fairs.
The founding of St. Petersburg, the commissioning of the Vyshnevolotsk water system and the general development of the northern lands under Peter I greatly contributed to the development of the city. Many Kashin merchants received contracts to provide Peter’s army with weapons and provisions.
The growing prosperity of merchants and artisans was also reflected in the appearance of the city. By the end of the 18th century, the city already had many stone houses and churches. In 1775, Kashin received the status of a district city, in connection with the establishment of the Kashin district.
In the photo: Shopping arcades
continue to work.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, merchants fully provided the city's militia with weapons and food.
At the same time, flax growing began to develop rapidly in Kashin and the surrounding area, bringing new profits to the city.
In 1867 the Resurrection Cathedral was built. With the money of the merchant Terlikov, a majestic bell tower was added to it, which is still the largest in the diocese.
Merchant N.P. Chechenin founded a public library in Kashin, merchants Manukhin - the first hospital, merchant I. Ya. Kunkin - a local history museum. In 1898, a railway was opened connecting Kashin with the capital, St. Petersburg. At the same time, the still functioning stone shopping arcades were built and the resort was founded.
In the photo: Elias Transfiguration Church
on the high bank of the Kashinka River.
Kashin merchants were also known throughout the country for their piety and willingly donated money for the construction of churches. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 21 churches and 3 monasteries in Kashin. The ecclesiastical importance of the city is emphasized by the fact that the Orthodox Bishop of Tver historically bears the title “Archbishop of Tver and Kashin”.
Currently, the city's population is about 15,000 people. The city of Kashin is located on the banks of the left tributary of the Volga, the Kashinka River, in the southeast of the Tver region, 150 km from Tver, 180 km from Moscow, not far from the border with the Yaroslavl region. Kashin has another unofficial name: it is often called the “city of the Russian heart” for the reason that the Kashinka riverbed, going around the city, forms a stylized silhouette of the “heart”.
The city of Kashin is the only resort city in the Tver region. The sanatorium near the sources of medicinal and table mineral water, located right in the city, was opened in the 19th century. The city has bottling plants for Kashin mineral water.
In the photo: The main entrance to the Kashin sanatorium
, located in the picturesque valley of the tiny Kashinka tributary of the Maslyatka river and is rightfully considered one of the oldest in central Russia.
The sanatorium was founded in 1884 by Doctor of Medicine A.V. Alekseevsky with the support of the mayor N.I. Manukhin and the Kashin merchants.
According to oral traditions, wanderers and pilgrims who have long come to the city to worship the Holy Blessed Princess Anna Kashinskaya used the healing water of local mineral springs for several centuries.
The first printed historical information dates back to 1808, when the district doctor D. Chernyavsky published “Description of mineral springs located in the city of Kashin.”
Later, Professor P.A. Lachinov classified the waters as ferrous-carbon dioxide sulfur waters and in terms of iron content they were recognized as “richer than the mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk.”
In total, the Kashin sanatorium has eight sources of a wide variety of mineral water. A beautiful pump room with three types of water from sources number 12, 18 and 21 is open to everyone.
Let us remind you that the pump room
- this is a specially constructed, usually quite beautiful, building above water sources, equipped inside for the comfort of users.
You can purchase a ticket to the sanatorium and stay for a few days. If desired, you can undergo a course of treatment with healing waters. Or you can simply use the rooms as hotel rooms.
The price of the tour includes breakfast. The price of such “accommodation” is slightly higher than in a hotel. Kashin is famous for its large number of nice wooden pedestrian bridges.
ATTRACTIONS:
— Resurrection Cathedral
with a high 76-meter bell tower decorated with a clock (1867).
— Resort Kashin
with a picturesque valley of the Kashinka tributary of the Maslyatka river, a beautiful pump room. In total, the sanatorium has eight sources of a wide variety of mineral water. A pump room with three types of water (12, 18 and 21 springs) is open to everyone.
— Ascension Cathedral
- recently restored, in 1993 the relics of St. Anna Kashinskaya. Currently it is the city's cathedral.
— Kashin is famous for its large number of wooden pedestrian bridges
.
— Ilyinsko-Preobrazhenskaya
church (1778) - an elegant church on a high, steep bank of the river.
— Church of the Nativity on the Mountain
(1786) - located next to Ilyinsko-Preobrazhenskaya.
— Church of the Cross
(1784) - located next to the sanatorium, on the other side of the Maslyatka valley.
— Church of Peter and Paul
(1782).
— Church of Florus and Laurus
(1751).
— Local History Museum in the building of the Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem
(1789).
— Klobukov Monastery
(founded in the middle of the 14th century, active).
Nature and climate
Kashin is considered one of the oldest in the Tver region; the population in 2022 was 14,287 people. Some people mistakenly call the city Kushin.
The area of the settlement is 11 km2. It belongs to the Kashinsky district and is located on the banks of the Kashinka at the confluence of the Vonzhi and Maslyatka tributaries. Since the river meanders through the territory, forming the silhouette of a heart, Kashin is called the “city of the Russian heart.” Kashinka flows into the Volga, which facilitated trade along the waterways in the past. In addition, the narrow river bed made it difficult for enemies to approach the Kashin principality.
The city is located at an altitude of 125 m above sea level. The distance between it and the mouth of Kashinka is 21 km. Kashin has a temperate continental climate. Winters in this region are frosty and long. The lowest temperature is observed in January - down to -10 degrees. Summer in Kashin is cool and short. The maximum high temperature in July is +17 degrees. The average annual precipitation is 610 mm.
Churches and temples
Every year Kashin, Tver region, attracts many travelers and pilgrims from the capital and other cities of Russia. It acts as the spiritual center of the region. This is emphasized by the title of the Orthodox bishop of the province “Tver and Kashinsky”.
When visiting the city, tourists are offered to see the most famous temples and churches:
- Resurrection Cathedral. The main shrine of the city of Kashin and the Tver region was first mentioned in chronicles in 1382. The cathedral was created in a classical direction with baroque elements. The bell tower reaches a height of 70 m. The interior spaces are distinguished by rich and elegant decoration. The height of the iconostasis is 9 m. The central part of the shrine was restored. Divine services in the cathedral are held daily. People can visit the Nikolo-Vasilievsky chapel and observation deck.
- Ascension Cathedral. The temple is located in the center of Kashin. It took 70 years to build and was completed by 1870. The walls are decorated with picturesque paintings, which make the landmark the most striking and visible place in the city. Since 1962, the church has kept a shrine containing the relics of St. Anna Kashinskaya.
- Nikolaevsky Klobukov convent. According to legend, a religious community was founded on the site where a monastic hood that fell from the head of John of Novgorod was discovered. At first the monastery was for men. The building was often destroyed by the Lithuanians. Once upon a time, a carved icon of the Mother of God “Hodegetria” was kept here, which today is in the Central Museum.
- Sretensky Church. It is part of the former Sretensky Convent. Not far from the temple, people found and restored the grave of St. Schema-nun Dorothea, who was revered by local residents.
- Church of the Intercession. This building was one of the first to be restored in the city in the era of modern Russia. The church was restored again in 2007.
- Church of Peter and Paul. The shrine is located behind Spiritual Mountain. The church is characterized by an unusual architectural structure. This building is mentioned in ancient Russian records of 1621. Divine services are held here daily.
In 2009, a monument to Anna Kashinskaya was erected. Its author is A. N. Kovalchuk. The sculpture of the heavenly patron and intercessor of the city residents can be found on the territory of the former Kashin Kremlin.
Kashin.
(“Architecture of world cities. Walking with a camera”)Kashin
- a small ancient town in the Tver region. It was probably founded in the 12th-13th centuries (first mentioned in chronicles - 1238). Today Kashin is the administrative center of a district with a population of 16.2 thousand people (2006).
In March of this year, by the will of the gods, I was brought to Kashin. I spent 2 whole weeks here and during this time I walked around the entire town with my camera several times! In addition, I found and read several books on the history and architecture of the city. As a result, this small study of Kashin architecture was born.
First, a little history.
View of the city of Kashin. E.D. Kamezhenkov.
The city of Kashin is cut by the Kashinka River, which makes amazing loops right within the city, and in one place forms an extremely narrow bridge on which only one street fits. From it you can see the same river on the right and left. This place is an important historical center of the city. It is a small plateau that dominates the landscape, rising sharply above the gentle opposite banks and gradually rising above the territory of the peninsula. Since ancient times, the fortified core of the city was located here. Here is the plan of medieval Kashin:
In general, the structure of medieval Kashin can be defined as radial-concentric. The street network was held together, like nodes, by small spaces of squares and architectural accents located on them. A necklace of temples across the river was strung on the outer ring line. The development of buildings was directed by the banks of the river and the head sections of roads as “power lines”.
Such a system of urban planning existed in Kashin until the end of the 18th century, when a regular general development plan was developed and began to be implemented:
Plan for the regular development of Kashin.
The regularity of the new plan entered into multilateral interaction with the existing architectural and landscape environment of Kashin. Superimposed on the free plasticity of the earth, the regular scheme softened and was filled with living diversity. The straight lines of the plan were subordinated to the folds of the relief and the geometric structure gave way to the panoramas of Kashinka and its hilly banks.
Here are a few photographs of Kashin at the beginning of the 20th century, taken by V.A. Kolotilshchikov. :
View of Moskovskaya Street (now K. Marx Street) from the center.
Vvedenskaya Church and Klobukov Monastery.
I won’t go too far into history, but now I’ll tell you about the architecture that can be seen in Kashin today. More than half of the historical buildings have not been preserved to this day, although some remains. First of all, this is the Resurrection Cathedral - the main dominant feature of the city:
Resurrection Cathedral (1796-1867).
Resurrection Cathedral (1796-1867).
The ancient Resurrection Cathedral was the main part of the Kremlin ensemble (it was first mentioned in chronicles in 1382). The grandiose cathedral that exists today was built in the late 18th - mid-19th centuries. The original part of the building is the five-domed cathedral (1796-1817) - an outstanding monument of early classicism. Here is a drawing from that time:
The bell tower and warm church were added later (1855-1867). The difference in style between the main building and the bell tower is striking.
Resurrection Cathedral (1796-1867).
Like its wooden predecessor, the bell tower also serves as the city clock tower. It has chimes with the date on the dials - “1872”.
Chimes of the Resurrection Cathedral.
Resurrection Cathedral (1796-1867).
In front of the Resurrection Cathedral there is a monument to the holy princess Anna Kashinskaya.
Monument to Anna Kashinskaya.
Now let's go down from the mountain on which the Resurrection Cathedral rises to the city center, where the shopping area is located.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the “brick style”, a rationalistic direction of architecture of the eclectic period, actively entered the architectural environment of the city. The largest ensemble in this style was formed on the shopping area.
The two-story guest courtyard, the main link of the ensemble, was built in 1895. A square of buildings with a closed square courtyard is surrounded, instead of a traditional arcade, by a wooden canopy on paired metal columns. The gallery encircles the first floor, where the retail premises are located.
The brick treatment of the facades includes echoes of Romanesque architecture. The layout of equal cells corresponds to the measured equal pitch of the tongs, forming a jagged silhouette.
Here is another example of a building in the “brick style” - the building of the former city council (1877) on the street. Lunacharsky. Today this building houses a library.
Library building (former City Duma, 1877).
Its functional and spatial core is a two-story hall, revealed on the façade by high arched windows on the second floor and an extended mezzanine. Here is a photograph of this building from the early 20th century (taken by V.A. Kolotilshchikov):
Other houses in the “brick style”:
Now let's go back a little in time and look at examples of early classicism architecture (late 18th - early 19th centuries), which left a deep mark on the residential development of Kashin. Buildings of this time follow certain compositional patterns. A common type of mansion is a stone house with a high second floor with 7 windows on the longitudinal facade, constructed as a single, almost undivided block.
Mansion of A.P. Dorogutin (K. Marx St., 21). 1870s
House on Pushkinskaya embankment.
A mansion (?), located on the territory of the Kashin sanatorium.
But this is the former Zhdanov mansion (today it houses the registry office) - the richest and most impressive example of eclecticism. Capital craftsmen under the guidance of a St. Petersburg architect took part in the design and construction of the house. Renaissance motifs can be traced in the appearance of the house. The smooth surface of the wall disappears under various rustications, but the low relief of the details preserves the flatness and plastic neutrality of the facade.
Courthouse on Sudeiskaya embankment, 1 (late 18th century).
Zazykina's mansion (Turgenev embankment 18). Late 18th - early 19th century.
The Kunkins' mansion on Turgenevskaya embankment, 22.
Cherenin mansion (Pesochnaya street, 14/8). Early 19th century.
Mansion on Pesochnaya Street.
This building is the oldest monument of civil stone architecture in the city - the Cathedral House. Judging by the location, fixing the corner of the block, it was built shortly after the approval of the regular plan as a “corner” one. This is the only example of provincial baroque in the residential architecture of Kashin, created already during the period of dominance of classicism.
Cathedral House (Turgenev Garden 5/5). Late 18th century.
Today this building, like many other buildings in Kashin, is in very poor condition. Looking at its dilapidated facades, you can fully appreciate the inexorable destructive force of time!
Cathedral House. Fragment of the left facade.
At the beginning of the 20th century, a new style came to provincial architecture - modernism. Although there are not many buildings in this style in the city, there is still something to see. The building of school No. 1 (former Alekseevsky real school) belongs to the rationalist branch of modernity. It was built in 1905-1906 according to the design of A. Izotov.
School No. 1 (Alekseevsky real school, 1905-1906).
The central risalit, enclosing the assembly hall, is cut through with windows tapering upward and decorated with majolica inserts.
To summarize, it can be noted that the general features of the residential development of Kashin are restrained simplicity, laconic clarity of volumetric construction, intimate scale and restrained decor.
And now some examples of wooden architecture of Kashin.
An interesting attribute of Kashin are the numerous picturesque pedestrian bridges across Kashinka:
And here, everywhere along the river you can hear and see children sledding - the banks in Kashin are hilly - a real expanse!
Now let's look at the church architecture of Kashin. Let's start, perhaps, with the Elias-Transfiguration Church (1775-1778), which I personally liked more than others.
Elias Transfiguration Church (1775-1778) (Kropotkin St.).
This church is a very interesting monument, closest to ancient Russian architecture. The main feature of the building is the generous patterning of its facades. The decoration motifs date back to the architecture of the 17th century, and only the rustication at the corners was borrowed from the arsenal of early Baroque architecture of the next century.
Elias Transfiguration Church (1775-1778) (Kropotkin St.).
Previously, the church had an elegant two-tier bell tower, but to this day, for reasons unknown to me, it has not survived.
Elias-Transfiguration Church (1775-1778).
If we go behind the Ilyinsko-Preobrazhenskaya Church and cross the ravine on a wooden bridge, we will come out to the Church of the Nativity of Christ on the Mountain (Kropotkin St.).
Church of the Nativity of Christ (Kropotkin St.).
This small temple, built in 1774-1786, was single-domed with a three-tier bell tower topped with a spire. But today all that remains of it is a narrow and cramped double-height quadrangle stretched upward and a rounded apse.
Church of the Nativity of Christ (Kropotkin St.).
The second large-scale structure after the Resurrection Cathedral in the central part of Kashin was the Church of the Ascension (Unity Square, 1). Its construction began in 1799 (finished in 1850), when the new city cathedral was also being built. Located on different banks of Kashinka, they are within sight of each other. The composition of the church was decided taking into account the spatial interaction of both dominants.
Church of the Ascension (Unity Square 1).
The building is characterized by special compactness and centricity. The lowered refectory plays an inconspicuous role. The equivalence of all facades of the static cubic mass is emphasized by identical pediments. Through the eclectic decor, a classicist base with calm smooth walls, rectangular panels and pilasters of the Doric order clearly appears.
Currently, the incorrupt remains of the holy princess Anna Kashinskaya rest in the Church of the Ascension.
In 1782-1784, on the right bank of the Kashinka, not far from the confluence of the Maslyatka River, a small and modest Church of the Cross (Kurortnaya St., 8a) was erected. In 1869-1872 it was expanded according to the design of civil engineer A.S. Fedotov. The western half and a vestibule with a staircase were added to the refectory, and a bell tower with a spire was erected close to it.
Church of the Cross (1782-1872).
Working already in the period of eclecticism, the author of the bell tower project paid tribute to the tradition of classicism firmly held in Kashin. Despite some fragmentation of forms and the use of “Old Russian” details, the basis of the compositional structure is formed by order elements and other motifs of classicism.
Church of the Cross (1782-1872).
Church of the Cross (1782-1872).
On the gentle left bank of the Kashinka River, near the mouth of the winding Vonzhi River, the Klobukov Monastery is located. It was founded in the 14th century. Today the monastery is a very sad sight, I had difficulty finding one single acceptable angle to take this photo:
Church of the Intercession (Klobukov Monastery).
This is the best preserved Church of the Intercession above the “holy gate”. It was built at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century. The lower tier is cut through by three arches, and at the top there is a small temple with a rectangular altar.
Klobukov Monastery. Kashin.
The earliest church of the “octagon on quadrangle” type is the Church of Frol and Laurus (Turgenev St.). It was erected in 1749-1751 on the site of a wooden temple of the same name, known since 1512. The appearance of the building is characterized by heavy heaviness and massiveness. On a double-height cubic quadrangle rests a mighty octagon, covered with a high closed vault. From the stone bell tower of the early 19th century, only the lower tier, decorated with paired pilasters, has survived.
Church of Frol and Laurus (Turgenev St.).
All that remains today from the Dmitrov Monastery are the ruins of the Trinity and Passion Cathedral.
Passion Council (1890-1903).
The red-brick Passion Cathedral with five tents was built in 1890-1903. The building's designs were presented back in 1885 by architects D.V. Kabanov and N.N. Nikonov. The authors operated with eclectic forms of Old Russian, Byzantine and Romanesque architecture. Construction was carried out based on one of Kabanov’s options. Due to a lack of funds, the octagonal drum with kokoshniks and the tent had to be made of wood.
The heavy cube of the cathedral with three-part facades is complemented by a high cylindrical apse and a small porch. The doorways are highlighted by portals with short volumetric columns and keel-shaped kokoshniks. Rich fractional detailing is done in the relief of the brickwork itself. The ornamentation of the platbands and patterned belts is designed in the spirit of ancient Russian architecture
D.V. Kabanov. Project of the temple of the Dmitrievsky Monastery.
Fragment of the facade of the Holy Cathedral.
Fragment of the facade of the Holy Cathedral.
A striking example of the original Kashin architecture is the Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem (1779-1789) (Basseinaya Square, 5). In terms of its proportions, the church seems excessively high, and if not for the five-domed domes (albeit without crosses), at first glance it could be mistaken for some kind of tower. The appearance of the church, in my opinion, lacks harmonious proportionality.
Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem (1779-1789).
Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem (1779-1789).
Perhaps because of its absurdity, or perhaps for some other reason, but today this building no longer fulfills its original function - now it houses the Kashin Museum of Local Lore. In the museum you can see old photographs and paintings, as well as household and religious objects from the 17th and early 20th centuries.
Exhibits of the Kashinsky Museum of Local Lore.
Exhibits of the Kashinsky Museum of Local Lore.
Here are the museum's opening hours if anyone would like to visit.
This map shows all the churches and monasteries of Kashin that have survived to date:
Despite the fact that many historical and architectural monuments have been preserved in Kashin, the city is not included in the “golden ring” of Russia; it is rarely talked about in guidebooks. But still, Kashin is widely known in the Tver region and beyond thanks to its balneological resort
, which is one of the oldest in central Russia.
According to oral traditions, the healing properties of water from local mineral springs have been known for a very long time and were used in treatment. The first printed historical information dates back to 1808. Throughout the 19th century, the springs enjoyed a certain popularity; chemical analysis of the water was carried out in St. Petersburg. The most complete clinical observations were carried out by Dr. A.V. Alekseevsky. The waters were classified as ferrous-carbon dioxide sulfur waters and, in terms of iron content, were recognized as “richer than the mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk.”
Since 1884, spa treatment seasons in Kashin have become annual. In 1886, a special bath building with 12 baths was built and the city treasury took over the resort for its maintenance. In 1901, the first well was drilled; it was decorated with a bronze sculpture “Boy”, which has survived to this day. Since 1912, the Kashin resort began to use peat mud treatment for local swamps.
Doctor A.V. Alekseevsky. Founder of the resort.
The resort operated and developed throughout the 20th century. Hydrogeological studies were carried out, several more wells were drilled and springs with water of varying mineral composition were created. In the 60s, a drinking pump room was built, which is still in operation today:
Drinking pump room of the Kashinsky sanatorium.
Sculpture “Boy” (source No. 18).
Today, 3 mineral springs are widely used at the resort: No. 12, No. 18 and No. 21. Water from sources 12 and 18 is used for drinking. From my own experience, I can say that this water has a very strong effect and you need to drink it correctly, otherwise you can harm the body. If you drink water, following all the recommendations, then it really helps. Spring No. 21 is the strongest, and its water is used only for rinsing.
Sanatorium "Kashin" specializes in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal system, diseases of the peripheral nervous system, gynecological and urological diseases, respiratory diseases and skin diseases.
Drinking pump room of the Kashinsky sanatorium.
Sculpture “Boy” (source No. 18).
As you may have guessed, I liked Kashin. It is a beautiful and tranquil provincial town with a rich history etched in the stone and wood of its streets. In summer, Kashin is surrounded by greenery, and in winter, in snowdrifts. Time flows here sedately and calmly, like high light clouds on a quiet summer day.
One day is enough for a quick tour of the city, but if you want to feel the history and life of this city, I advise you to stay here for a longer period.
A source of information:
Kirikov B.M. Kashin. - Leningrad: Artist of the RSFSR, 1988.
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Other attractions
The Kashin land keeps centuries-old traditions. Various places that tourists will visit during excursions will tell about the past of the city and its famous inhabitants:
- House-Museum of M. I. Kalinin. Mikhail Ivanovich was the First All-Union Headman. He was born and spent his childhood in the village of Upper Trinity. The house where the famous figure lived was turned into a museum. Preserved objects and gizmos provide an opportunity to get acquainted with the life of the 19th-20th centuries. V.
- Museum of Local Lore. Founded in 1918. This place contains things that preserve the history of Kashinsky district. In the past, the house belonged to the Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem. The decoration of the museum's halls makes it look like a real hut in which peasants lived. Other rooms are made like a merchant's house. On the walls there are many photographs of city streets and portraits of merchants. The establishment also houses noble furniture from the Ustinovo estate.
- Peasant's house. The building is located on the main shopping area of Kashin. This house contains things that reflect the cultural life of the village. During the excursion, guests will be introduced to icon painting, blacksmithing and the creation of folk toys. The institution also conducts master classes.
- Museum of porridge and Kashin traditions. The institution is located in a natural area. In ancient times, porridge was the main dish of the Russian people, which was present on the table on any holiday. In the museum you can see a large collection of kitchen utensils. Ancient huge spoons and ceramic utensils are especially valued. The museum often hosts animation programs for children and adults. Guests have the opportunity to learn ancient porridge recipes, learn how to bake bread and paint gingerbread cookies.
Kashin’s calling card is its shopping arcades, which are already over a hundred years old. The connected buildings are made of brick. The two-story living room, made in the Romanesque style, is the main part of the magnificent ensemble. The shopping arcades were created according to the design of N. N. Legrand. There are many shops with useful items and souvenirs.
Five wooden bridges were built across the Kashinka River. The buildings were created in the 19th century and have been preserved in excellent condition. The construction of bridges was a necessary measure due to frequent spring floods and river floods.
Map
| Kashin: maps |
Kashin: photo from space (Google Maps) Kashin: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)
| Kashin. Nearest cities. Distances in km. on the map (in brackets along roads) + direction. Using the hyperlink in the distance , you can get the route (information courtesy of the AutoTransInfo website) | |||
| 1 | Kalyazin | 19 (25) | SE |
| 2 | Kesova Gora | 32 (36) | NW |
| 3 | Uglich | 47 (45) | NE |
| 4 | Sonkovo | 55 (120) | NW |
| 5 | Kimry | 56 (120) | YU |
| 6 | New Nekouz (Yaroslavl region) | 66 (103) | NE |
| 7 | Taldom | 68 (110) | YU |
| 8 | Myshkin | 69 (82) | NE |
| 9 | Dubna | 72 (146) | SW |
| 10 | Bezhetsk | 72 (87) | NW |
| 11 | Red Hill | 83 (127) | WITH |
| 12 | Zaprudnya (Moscow region) | 88 (149) | YU |
| 13 | Konakovo | 88 (177) | SW |
| 14 | Bolshoye Selo (Yaroslavl region) | 88 (93) | NE |
| 15 | Verbilki (Moscow region) | 90 (135) | YU |
| 16 | Borisoglebsky (Yaroslavl region) | 92 (122) | IN |
| 17 | Frames | 93 (140) | Z |
| 18 | Bogorodskoye (Moscow region) | 101 () | YU |
| 19 | Pereslavl-Zalessky | 101 (205) | SE |
| 20 | Molokovo | 103 (152) | NW |
| 21 | Remmash (Moscow region) | 103 (192) | YU |
| 22 | Ishnya (Yaroslavl region) | 105 () | IN |
| 23 | Rybinsk | 106 (148) | NE |
| 24 | Breytovo (Yaroslavl region) | 106 (154) | WITH |
| 25 | Petrovskoye (Yaroslavl region) | 106 (165) | IN |
| 26 | Krasnozavodsk | 107 (189) | YU |
| 27 | Rostov | 109 (140) | IN |
| 28 | Novosinkovo (Moscow region) | 109 (171) | YU |
| 29 | Peresvet | 109 (201) | YU |
| 30 | Dmitrov | 111 (158) | YU |
a brief description of
Located on the river. Kashinka (left tributary of the Volga), 150 km northeast of Tver. Railway station.
The average temperature in January is -11C, in July +18C. Precipitation is 500 mm per year.
On the outskirts of Kashin there is a balneo-mud resort (founded in 1884, mud therapy has been used since 1912).
Territory (sq. km): 10
Information about the city of Kashin on the Russian Wikipedia site
Historical sketch
It was first mentioned as a city in 1238 in the Nikon Chronicle as a city captured by Batu. The name comes from the nickname Kasha, the use of which is recorded in the 16th century.
In the 12th - early 13th centuries. as part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, from 1247 - Tver, together with which in 1485 it became part of the Moscow state.
In 1609, Kashin was taken and devastated by Polish-Lithuanian invaders; in 1611, it was one of the assembly points of the militia under the command of K.M. Minin and Prince D.M. Pozharsky.
During the fire of 1676, most of the city, along with the fortress, burned down.
In 1708, Kashin was assigned to the Ingermanland province (from 1710 - St. Petersburg), from 1719 to the Uglitsk province. Since 1727 - in the Uglitsky province of the Moscow province. Since 1775, the district town of Kashin, Tver governorate (since 1796 - Tver province).
In 1856, in the district town of Kashin, Tver province, there were 28 churches, 975 houses, 160 shops.
In the 18th - 19th centuries. Kashin is a trade and craft city, since the end of the 19th century. - a major center of flax trade.
In 1898, a railway was built from Sonkov to Kashin.
Economy
Electrical equipment plant, flax plant, clothing factory. Food industry enterprises: distillery, mineral water bottling, dairy, meat processing plant.
In the Kashinsky district, grains, potatoes, and flax are grown. Dairy and meat cattle breeding, poultry farming.
Main enterprises
ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY
OJSC "Kashinsky Electrical Equipment Plant"
171600, Tver region, Kashin, st.
Lunacharskogo, 1 Offers:
Magnetic starters, thermal relays, push-button switches, automatic threaded fuses, electric lighters, lighting panels
Culture, science, education
Museum of Local Lore.
Russian singer E.A. was born in Kashin. Lavrovskaya.
30 km from Kashin, in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa, there is the House-Museum of M.I. Kalinina.
Museums, galleries, exhibition halls
Kashinsky Museum of Local Lore 171640, Tver region, Kashin, Basseynaya square, 5 Website: https://tvermuzeum.ru/
Memorial house-museum of M.I. Kalinina 171622, Tver region, Kashin, village. Upper Trinity, st. Central, 8 Phone(s) Website: https://tvermuzeum.ru/
Architecture, sights
The city is picturesquely located along the winding banks of Kashinka. The middle loop of the river is enclosed on all sides by the old city center with the market square. On the narrow isthmus of the middle loop until the 17th century. there was a fortress with wooden walls and 15 towers (the remains of earthen ramparts have been preserved). Behind the settlement, outside the city, there were the Dmitrovsky monastery for men (mentioned in 1521), the Sretensky women’s monastery (founded in the early 15th century) and the Nikolaevsky-Klobukov monastery for men (founded in the mid-14th century) that protected the approaches to the city.
On the territory of the Dmitrievsky Monastery, the Trinity Cathedral (1682) has been preserved, in Klobukovo there is the Trinity Church (1664), the Gate Church of the Intercession (late 17th - early 18th centuries), cells (17th century), Alekseevskaya Church (1851); on the territory of the Sretensky Monastery - Trinity Church, abbot's building, cells (17-18 centuries). On the steep bank of the Kashinka River stands the wooden church of Joachim and Anna (1646, rebuilt).
In 1777, a regular urban development plan was approved. Many churches have been preserved in the city: Frolo-Lavrovskaya (1751), Ilinsko-Preobrazhenskaya (1778), Petropavlovskaya (1782), Entrance to Jerusalem (1789), etc. Among the monuments of civil architecture of the 18th-19th centuries. — “Cathedral House” (former house of priests of the Resurrection Cathedral; late 18th century) in the Baroque style, former Government places (early 19th century), Gostiny Dvor (late 19th century).
Above the cliff near the steep loop of Kashinka is the Church of the Cross (1782-84).
| Population by year (thousands of inhabitants) | |||||||
| 1856 | 5.2 | 1979 | 19.8 | 2005 | 16.5 | 2014 | 15.2 |
| 1897 | 7.5 | 1989 | 21.2 | 2006 | 16.2 | 2015 | 15.0 |
| 1913 | 8.1 | 1992 | 21.2 | 2007 | 15.8 | 2016 | 14.7 |
| 1931 | 10.2 | 1996 | 20.6 | 2008 | 15.5 | 2017 | 14.5 |
| 1939 | 12.4 | 1998 | 20.2 | 2010 | 15.1 | 2018 | 14.3 |
| 1959 | 16.2 | 2000 | 19.9 | 2011 | 16.2 | 2019 | 14.1 |
| 1967 | 18 | 2001 | 19.6 | 2012 | 15.8 | 2020 | 13.8 |
| 1970 | 17.7 | 2003 | 17.3 | 2013 | 15.4 | 2021 | 13.6 |
Mineral springs
Kashin is famous for its abundance of mineral springs, which became known back in the 19th century. The first of them was found in 1901 on the site of the current “Boy” drinking fountain. The sculpture in the form of a child cupid is located on the territory of the Kashin sanatorium. The fountain is regularly maintained and restored if necessary.
The Kashin health resort itself was founded in 1912. People were treated with peat mud, and 2 years later the first mud bath was built.
During the Great Patriotic War, there was a hospital on the territory of Kashin. In 1984, the resort was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor and was converted into a sanatorium. Today the institution boasts 8 water sources with varying degrees of mineralization.
The territory of the sanatorium is open to all visitors. You can freely walk along it and explore the surroundings of the establishment. In addition, , which appeared in 1960, is open to visitors A beautiful building with columns offers you to drink one of three types of healing water from dozens of different sources.
Kashin: resort city and capital of the ancient principality
We continue the series of publications dedicated to the cities of the Tver region.
Today Kashin is a small regional center with a population of about fifteen thousand people, and once it was the center of an independent Russian principality, which even competed with Tver. In the 19th century, a sanatorium was opened near the mineral water sources, and now Kashin is the only resort in our region. And during the short period of occupation of Kalinin, this town, in fact, served as the regional capital.
This is very short, but you and I, dear readers, are thoughtful and thorough people, and therefore we will start in order.
Ancient Russian city
Kashin is considered one of the oldest cities in our region. And although the exact date of its foundation is unknown, in the Nikon Chronicle it is mentioned as one of the cities devastated by the Tatar-Mongols. Thus, by 1238 Kashin was a fairly developed settlement by the standards of that time. In 1287, the city was again mentioned in the chronicle - unfortunately, again this refers to military operations. Then, for nine days, Kashin was besieged by the troops of Dmitry Alexandrovich, Prince of Vladimir, and his allies.
For some time, historians believed that Kashin in the 13th century was part of the Uglitsky principality. However, more detailed and scrupulous work with sources revealed: in fact, this city for some time belonged to the Pereyaslavl-Zalessky principality. The even more ancient city of Ksnyatyn, founded in 1135 by Yuri Dolgoruky, was also included in it. From the beginning of the 14th century, it was part of the independent Kashin principality, which we will talk about a little further, and in the middle of the 15th century, Ksnyatin (aka Konstantin) was mentioned in chronicles as a village. Today it is a small settlement called Sknyatino, and it belongs to the Kalyazinsky district.
But let's return to the story of Kashin. Just as the date of its foundation is hidden in the darkness of time, the origin of the name is also unknown for certain. A number of researchers believe that the names Kashin and Kashinka (the river on the banks of which the city stands) are of Finno-Ugric origin. This version can be considered quite reliable, given that earlier, even before the Slavs, Finno-Ugric tribes actually lived in these places. And the word “kashina” means a river overgrown with reeds. Kashinka itself fully corresponds to this name. And the city of Kashin, thus, took its name from her.
There is another version - simpler and, as they say, just begging to be spoken. We are sure that you yourself have already guessed what we are talking about. Well, of course, porridge is one of the most common Russian dishes. And the name of the city, they say, came from this dish. This assumption also has a right to exist; moreover, there is even corresponding written evidence. True, we hasten to emphasize: we are talking, in particular, about the recording of one of the landowner’s estates in the album. So, most likely, the version with porridge still refers to local legends. But the Finno-Ugric origin of the name, perhaps, should still be considered more logical. So we will accept the hypothesis of an overgrown river as a basis, but at the same time we will not impose it. Who likes what.
Kashin and his lands became part of the Tver Principality in 1247, but then its history again resembles one well-known American series based on the books of George Martin.
Principality of Kashin
How did it happen that Kashin moved away from Tver for some time? As usual, the harsh realities of that time were to blame. Let us recall that in 1318 Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy died in the Horde, and soon the territory of the grand duchy was divided between the sons of the ruler. Tver itself and the surrounding lands went to the eldest, Dmitry Groznye Ochi, the southwest with the cities of Mikulin, Zubtsov, Kholm and Staritsa (then Gorodok) - to Alexander, the south with Klin - to Konstantin, and the northeast (Kashinsky inheritance) - to Vasily, the younger from the sons of Mikhail Yaroslavich.
The eldest sons occupied the Tver Grand Duke's table at different times. Alas, they all did not die a natural death. Dmitry and Alexander were executed, and Konstantin ended his life in the Horde - there is an assumption that he was poisoned. Thus, power eventually had to pass to Vasily. However, Khan Janibek decided in his own way and issued a label for the great reign to the Kholmsky prince Vsevolod Alexandrovich, the nephew of Vasily Mikhailovich. This happened in 1345.
Prince Vasily of Kashin, however, did not want to give in to his relative and finally managed to get the coveted label from Janibek. The nephew, of course, resisted, but ultimately gave in to his uncle - largely thanks to the Bishop of Tver Theodore, who managed to reconcile his relatives. So in 1349, the youngest son of Mikhail Yaroslavich became the next great prince of Tver.
The Kashinsky inheritance, which he inherited according to his father’s spiritual charter, was transferred first by Vasily to his eldest son (also Vasily), and after his death - to the younger Mikhail. However, let’s not forget: in order to become the head of the Tver principality, Vasily Mikhailovich came into conflict with his nephew, so relations between representatives of the two branches of Mikhail Yaroslavich’s heirs were, to put it mildly, strained. According to the peace agreement of 1360, the grand-ducal table remained with Vasily Mikhailovich. Vsevolod, whom Prince Vasily “pushed away” from supreme power on Tver land, secured a foothold in Kholm and Staritsa, Mikhail Alexandrovich retained Mikulin, and Vladimir and Andrey (Alexander’s younger sons) stayed in Zubtsov.
In the middle of the decade, the plague, a terrible disease of the Middle Ages that destroyed entire cities, came to the Tver Principality. In addition to ordinary people, rulers also did not escape the tragic fate - Princess Anastasia, the widow of Alexander Mikhailovich, died, and her three sons also died. The only survivor, Mikhail, received the inheritance of his brothers Vladimir and Andrey, who left no heirs. And in 1365, he captured the Tver Grand Duke's table, as a result of which his uncle Vasily Mikhailovich fled to Kashin. At the same time, Mikhail Alexandrovich received by will half of the Klin inheritance, which belonged to Semyon Konstantinovich, who also died of the plague.
However, in the end, due to a local, seemingly princely, feud, a real war broke out with the participation of Moscow and even Lithuania.
Lithuanian-Moscow War
On the side of Vasily Mikhailovich, who settled in Kashin, the Grand Duchy of Moscow came out. In many ways, family ties were involved here - the fact is that the son of the Kashin prince Mikhail was married to Princess Vasilisa, the daughter of Simeon the Proud and the granddaughter of Ivan Kalita. On the other hand, a similar situation took place - the husband of Mikhail Alexandrovich’s sister, Juliana, was the Lithuanian prince Olgerd.
Vasily Kashinsky with his son Mikhail, Prince Eremey Dorogobuzhsky, as well as with Muscovite regiments, moved to Tver and organized a siege. It was not possible to capture the capital of the Grand Duchy, but the settlements on the right bank of the Volga were subjected to numerous robberies. Mikhail Alexandrovich at that time was in Lithuania, with Prince Olgerd, and could not repel the enemy. However, he soon returned with help in the form of Litvinian regiments and, having defeated Eremey’s troops, moved to Kashin. However, Bishop Vasily of Tver dissuaded him from storming the city, and Michael’s warriors turned back.
In 1368, Dmitry Donskoy invited the Tver prince to Moscow. There, despite security guarantees from Metropolitan Alexei, Mikhail Alexandrovich was captured and imprisoned. Perhaps the Tverite was awaiting execution, but he was saved by the unexpected arrival of three murzas (representatives of the Tatar nobility) from the Horde in the capital of the Moscow principality. Mikhail was released, but returned not to Tver, but to Lithuania, to his son-in-law Olgerd.
In the autumn of the same year, the Lithuanians moved towards Moscow. Thanks to military cunning (they attacked not from the north-west, where they were expected, but from the south-west), they gained a strong advantage, and Dmitry Donskoy managed to send only a guard regiment to meet them. Olgerd's troops, meanwhile, defeated the squad of Semyon Nettle, Prince of Starodubsky. Next, the Lithuanians captured the city of Obolensk and killed the local prince Constantine, and on November 21, in the Battle of the Trosna River, the Lithuanian prince’s troops defeated the Moscow guard regiment. Dmitry Donskoy himself took refuge in Moscow, where Olgerd had already approached, but the three-day siege did not bring victory to the Lithuanians. Having plundered the surrounding area, taking away cattle and many prisoners, Olgerd left. Perhaps he would have been able to take the Kremlin, but news came from the west: Livonian knights had invaded Lithuania. That is why Olgerd and his regiments urgently moved to their homeland.
But the Lithuanian-Moscow war did not end there. In 1370, the troops of Prince Olgerd and his brother Keistut suffered a crushing defeat from the Teutons at the Battle of Rudau, and Dmitry Donskoy again besieged Tver. Of course, the response move was not long in coming. Mikhail Alexandrovich Tverskoy, Svyatoslav Smolensky, as well as Olgerd and his brother Keistut moved towards Moscow. On the way, the troops attacked Volokolamsk, killed Prince Vasily Berezuisky and plundered the surrounding area for three days. The siege of the capital began in December of the same year, at the same time Vladimir the Brave, cousin of the Moscow prince, was gathering troops in Przemysl. The Muscovites were joined by the Pronsky prince Vladimir Dmitrievich and the Ryazan prince Oleg Ivanovich, and soon, having realistically assessed the situation, Olgerd offered peace to Dmitry Donskoy. According to the tradition of that time, the agreement was to be sealed by the wedding of the daughter of the Lithuanian prince with Vladimir the Brave. However, the Moscow prince agreed only to a temporary truce, and Olgerd returned home.
There was also a third campaign against Moscow - in 1372. The Lithuanian prince sent troops under the command of Keistut, his nephew Vitovt, his own son Andrei Olgerdovich, as well as Prince Dmitry Drutsky. Later, Olgerd himself moved to the capital of the Moscow principality. However, subsequent events led to the fact that the long-term war of Tver and Lithuania against Moscow ended. First, the Lithuanian guard regiment was defeated, and then both troops - the Lithuanian-Tver and Moscow - stood opposite each other, separated by a deep ravine. A few days later, a temporary peace treaty was signed. Among the concessions from Olgerd was that the Tver prince Mikhail would return all the loot from the Moscow lands, and that in the subsequent wars of Tver and Moscow, Lithuania would remain on the sidelines.
However, a few years later the conflict escalated again. In 1375, Mikhail Alexandrovich Tverskoy received a label for the great reign of Vladimir, the troops of the Tverites attacked Uglich and Torzhok, and Dmitry Donskoy led the combined forces of several Russian principalities against Mikhail. An interesting detail: the troops of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd moved towards Tver, but did not directly collide with the enemy. But they ruined the Smolensk principality, which can be interpreted as an attempt to help the Tver prince, bypassing the peace agreement concluded earlier - the Smolensk people also sent their army against Mikhail to help the Moscow prince. For the Tver Principality that year, the confrontation ended unsuccessfully - Mikhail himself was forced to recognize himself as the younger brother of the Prince of Moscow and renounce his claims to Kashin, which had become independent.
In 1382, the Horde Khan Tokhtamysh finally assigned the great reign of Vladimir to the Muscovites - from that time on it began to be inherited. Tver, as compensation, was allowed to maintain its independence. And soon Kashin returned under the hand of the Tver prince - Vasily II (Mikhailovich), the grandson of Vasily Kashinsky, died childless, and there was no one to pass on his inheritance to.
However, in 1399 the small principality again declared its independence from Tver. Kashin received Vasily Mikhailovich III (son of Mikhail Alexandrovich and second cousin of Vasily II) as his inheritance, who attempted to fight Ivan Mikhailovich Tverskoy, his older brother. After the death of Vasily in 1425, Kashin again became part of the Grand Duchy of Tver and remained there until the latter lost its own independence. Let us remember that this happened in 1485.
As part of the Russian state
At first, appanage principalities still remained in the Moscow kingdom (Uglich remained in this status until 1591), and in 1504 Kashin was even part of one of them - Dmitrov. The estate was controlled by Yuri, the son of Ivan III, but in 1534 he was thrown into prison by order of Elena Glinskaya, mother of Ivan the Terrible, and died in captivity two years later. At the same time, the inheritance was liquidated. And during the reign of Ivan Vasilyevich and his political experiment with the oprichnina and zemshchina, Kashin was part of the latter.
At the beginning of the 17th century, disasters associated with the Time of Troubles struck Rus'. Kashin, like many Russian cities, suffered from the Poles - it was not only taken by them, but also thoroughly plundered. And in general, this century can safely be called unsuccessful for Kashin: in 1654 the city was seriously damaged by the plague epidemic, and in 1676 it almost completely burned out in a catastrophic fire.
Fortunately, Kashin was able to be restored quickly enough. By the time the Vyshnevolotsk water system was put into operation, the city was already a fairly large center, famous for its artisans, as well as rich fairs. And the general development of the northern lands under Peter I gave an even greater impetus to the subsequent prosperity of Kashin. Local merchants supplied St. Petersburg with provisions and weapons for the growing army, the city itself grew rich, and by the end of the 18th century the number of stone buildings and churches in it increased significantly.
As a result of the administrative reform in Russia, Kashin was first assigned to the Uglitsky province of the St. Petersburg province, then, in 1727, it became part of the Moscow province, and in 1775 - to the Tver governorate. The district was transformed and divided into two - Kashinsky and Kalyazinsky. And in 1781, Korchevsky was also allocated, which included parts of the districts of Kashinsky, Tverskoy and Kalyazinsky. Its center, the city of Korcheva, existed until the 1930s, when it was completely flooded during the construction of the Ivankovo reservoir.
And in 1796, Kashin became the center of the district of a new administrative unit - the Tver province.
Russia – USSR – Russia again
During the time of the Russian Empire, Kashin was a fairly successful city financially. Thus, during the Patriotic War of 1812, local merchants were able to fully provide the people's militia with weapons and food. And during the peace period, flax growing successfully developed in Kashinsky district. Let us note that in those days flax was a very popular commodity, the demand for which was only increasing. In fact, it can even be compared to oil and its position in modern society. Drawing such a parallel, it is easy to imagine how rich and developed Kashin was thanks to the cultivation of this valuable plant.
It was a good tradition among rich people of that era to spend money on the development of their small homeland. And the Kashin merchants were no exception. Thus, the bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral was built with the money of the merchant Terlikov (Kashin merchants were generally considered very pious and did not skimp on the construction of churches), the Manukhins opened the first hospital in the city, Cherenin - a public library, and Kunkin - a local history museum.
At the end of the 19th century, the city received a new stage of development - a railway that connected it with the capital. At the same time, Kashin also became a resort - the sources of mineral water were known earlier, but the sanatorium was built at the end of the same nineteenth century. By the way, today Kashin is the only holder of the status of a resort city in the entire Tver region, and “Kashinskaya” water is still very popular. Although in fairness it is worth noting that one of the first resorts of the Russian Empire was the Andreapol mineral waters, opened back in 1806.
Soviet power was established in Kashin in January 1918, two months later than in Tver. Of course, the city was not spared by civil war and devastation. But let's not forget that the times of the USSR were also a period of mass industrialization and economic leap. And the city of Kashin was a fairly developed regional center for a long time. The district itself, by the way, has existed within its modern borders since 1965. It arose, however, much earlier - in 1929 (as part of the Kalinin region - since 1935), but in 1963 the Kesovogorsky district was annexed to Kashinsky, which was again restored just in 1965.
What else is Kashin famous for? We have already talked about mineral water, which is bottled today by several organizations, and the city has been hosting a porridge festival for several years now, which is enjoying some popularity and has even in some way become a local brand.
It is worth mentioning the famous people whom the Kashin land gave. First of all, this is, of course, Saint Anna Kashinskaya, the wife of Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy and the patroness of the city. In the village of Kozhino, Kashinsky district, Matvey Vasilyevich Kozhin was born, better known as the Monk Macarius of Kalyazinsky, the founder of the Kalyazin Trinity Monastery, which, unfortunately, was flooded during the construction of the Uglich reservoir.
All-Union headman Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin, whose last name was used for decades as the name of the capital of the Upper Volga region, was born in the village of Verkhnyaya Trinity, which is located near Kashin.
And the city of Kashin itself is the small homeland of the Russian opera singer Elizaveta Lavrovskaya, as well as the photographer Vasily Kolotilshchikov. The latter’s works, by the way, were noted at the World Photographic Exhibitions in Moscow (1907) and Paris (1911). By the way, many pre-revolutionary photographs of the city are the legacy of Vasily Arsenievich.
***
Sometimes Kashin is called “the city of the Russian heart” - and this is not for nothing. Take a look at the map of this locality or at a satellite image: Kashinka, bending and winding, forms an almost exact silhouette of a heart. This refers, of course, not to an anatomical organ, may doctors forgive me, but to a generally accepted silhouette, traditionally denoting love and sympathy.
You can have different attitudes to this fact, but one thing is absolutely certain: Kashin is one of those cities that allows you to plunge into that old Russia, which now remains only in historical chronicles.
Sergey SAVINOV
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Hotels and cafes
City hotels are not very diverse, but they are cozy and accessible to any tourist. Most of the hotels are located on Karl Marx Street. In the center there is a five-story hotel "Rus", built in the 80s of the last century. The building has small rooms with comfortable living conditions. Tourists are served by hospitable staff.
The hotel has a restaurant where you can eat in a relaxed atmosphere. There are also cafes in the city where you can have a snack during excursions or after an evening walk around Kashin. Experienced travelers recommend visiting the following places:
- "Lily";
- "Satellite".
These cafes are considered popular because they are located in the city center and offer dishes made from organic products. In addition, there is a canteen in Kashin. It is reminiscent of the Soviet era with its furnishings and prices. There are provincial cafes almost everywhere, so tourists will not go hungry.
The most “cordial” city in the country
Text: Pavel Chukaev
The most beautiful view of Kashin opens... from space. However, thanks to satellite maps it is accessible to any Internet user. The fact is that the city center is located in the bend of the Kashinka River, which, intricately meandering, forms an almost regular heart shape in this place.
The Kashinka River makes a heart-shaped bend, framing the historical center of the city. Kashin. Tver region
Naturally, it was inside this heart that the ancient Kashin residents decided to build their city - so that it would be surrounded by water on almost all sides. And the only land route to the city, just over a hundred meters wide, was covered with a powerful earthen rampart - today it serves as the natural border of the City Garden.
Historians do not have exact data on the time of Kashin’s founding. It was first mentioned in documents in 1238 among the cities devastated during the Mongol invasion. However, the official date for the founding of Kashin was taken as 1287, when it appeared in the chronicles for the second time - now as an object of strife between the Vladimir and Tver princes.
Before the revolution there were more than 20 churches and 3 monasteries. Kashin. Tver region
First in the diocese
If you look at Kashin not from space, but from the ground, it is easy to notice that among other buildings the bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral stands out for its height - it is located in the heart of the city. The 76-meter bell tower is the highest not only in Kashin, but in the entire diocese. The diocese, by the way, bears the name of Tverskaya and Kashinskaya, which emphasizes the historical role of Kashin in the spiritual life of this land.
Before the revolution there were more than twenty churches and three monasteries. The city owes its extensive stone construction, including church construction, to the merchant class, which rose thanks to the development of the northern lands in Peter’s time and contracts for the supply of weapons and provisions for the Russian army.
A spiral staircase leads to the bell tower. Kashin. Tver region
Modern Kashin is a mixture of Soviet five-story buildings and old mansions. Kashin. Tver region
You can also find “heart” curls in the frame of the columns. Kashin. Tver region
There are still legends about the prosperity of the Kashin merchants of that time. For example, the grain merchant Zhdanov asked the Tsar for permission to gild the roof of his house. This mansion can still be seen at the intersection of Turgenev and Tolstoy streets - now the local registry office is located there.
Zhdanov donated its largest bell to the Resurrection Cathedral. And the bell tower itself with the chimes was built in the middle of the 19th century with the money of the merchant Terlikov. They say that contemporaries regarded Terlikov’s gesture as an attempt to atone for his sins, since he had a reputation as a man who fed the whole of Russia with counterfeit wines.
Observation room on the bell tower
In late Soviet times, the Resurrection Cathedral housed the local House of Culture, a canteen and a registry office. The cultural center stayed in the temple the longest - discos were held here until 2009, when a separate building was built for the cultural institution. Since those times, the temple has preserved one “service” pleasant for tourists - for 100 rubles anyone can go up to the observation deck on the bell tower.
Before the revolution there were more than 20 churches and 3 monasteries. Kashin. Tver region
From its height it is clear that modern Kashin is a mixture of wooden houses in the private sector, stone merchant mansions of past centuries and Soviet five-story buildings. Almost under the walls of the bell tower, on a huge square with a monument to Lenin, there are brick shopping arcades, where, just like 120 years ago, there is brisk trade.
The main lighthouses on the “map” of low-rise Kashin are churches. No matter which way you look, you are sure to catch your eye on the bell tower. The fates of the temples are different. One now houses a local history museum, the second a store, the third was built into the fire department building, and the fourth has now been equipped with a 3D cinema hall. However, most churches are still being used for their intended purpose and are slowly being restored to their former splendor. And of the three Kashin monasteries, only one continues religious activity - the Nikolaev Klobukov monastery is being revived in the northwestern part of the city.
Twice Saint
The main shrine of the Resurrection Cathedral is the relics of the patroness of the city, the blessed princess Anna Kashinskaya. She is known not only for her dramatic lifetime fate - her husband, Mikhail Tverskoy, as well as two sons and a grandson were executed in the Horde, but also for the no less complex posthumous vicissitudes around her figure. The fact is that in the middle of the 17th century, Anna Kashinskaya became for the Old Believers a symbol of the struggle against the church reform of Patriarch Nikon - when her incorruptible relics were opened, it turned out that the fingers of the saint’s right hand were folded into two fingers.
For young residents of Kashin, it’s time to collect stones... Kashin. Tver region
The official church authorities responded to this by decanonizing Anna Kashinskaya - her relics were buried underground, her name was excluded from the calendar, and the churches and chapels named in her honor were reconsecrated. However, despite this, on Tver land the veneration of Anna Kashinskaya never stopped. And in 1909, her second official canonization took place. On the 100th anniversary of this event, a monument was unveiled to the patroness of Kashin near the walls of the Resurrection Cathedral.
Tver resort
Kashin owes its status as the only resort town in the Tver region to the mineral springs found on its territory. According to local legend, the healing water here came from the tears of Anna Kashinskaya, which she cried while praying for the city and its inhabitants.
Everyone can make their home more fun! Kashin. Tver region
The largest bell was given to the city by the grain merchant Zhdanov. Kashin. Tver region
In the 19th century, the usefulness of Kashin waters was confirmed by scientists. In 1884, a sanatorium was organized here, in which two years later a building with 12 baths was built. Six years later, the Kashin sanatorium received the attention of Emperor Alexander III, who, by his highest decree, ordered to protect local springs from damage and depletion.
Today, the Kashin sanatorium, located almost in the center of the city, is a large balneotherapy hospital that can accommodate more than 300 patients at a time. However, in order to taste the local mineral water, you don’t have to come here for treatment. A free pump room on the territory of the sanatorium is available to everyone. Well, as a last resort, mineral water under the brands “Kashinskaya”, “Anna Kashinskaya” or “Kashinskaya Voditsa” can be purchased at any local store.
Homeland of the All-Union Elder
30 kilometers from Kashin towards Tver on the banks of the Medveditsa River is the village of Verkhnyaya Trinity, where the future revolutionary and party leader Mikhail Kalinin was born in 1875. It is curious that Kalinin received an excellent education for someone who came from a peasant background thanks to the landowner Mordukhai-Boltovsky from neighboring Tetkovo, who not only took young Misha with him to St. Petersburg as a lackey, but also paid for his education.
Signboard of the partnership of Peter Smirnov. Kashin. Tver region
In 1940, the house in Upper Trinity where the Kalinin family lived was turned into a museum, which quickly became a place of pilgrimage for “party tourists.” The museum, despite the change in the country's political course, still operates in the village. If it is closed when you arrive, local residents will tell you where its caretaker lives. In the Upper Trinity you can also find a wooden church, an unusual monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War and two busts of Kalinin - one next to the house-museum, the other not far from the temple.
The ancient merchant buildings today house shops. Kashin. Tver region
Road map
How to get there
Every day, five buses depart from the Moscow bus station at Tushinskaya to Kashin. The stated travel time is about four and a half hours. Twice a week the Moscow-Rybinsk train stops in Kashin, but this happens late at night. The shortest road route from Moscow to Kashin lies through Sergiev Posad and Kalyazin, in this case the distance from the Moscow Ring Road will be 200 kilometers.
Where to have lunch
Almost all Kashin catering establishments cluster on a 100-meter section of Karl Marx Street next to the bridge over Kashinka. The most fashionable is the Lilia cafe, which turns into a nightclub in the evening. Around the corner, in the building of the cultural center, there is also a pizzeria.
Where to stay
In Kashin, in fact, there are two accommodation options: a sanatorium (it is aimed at those who need treatment) and the Rus Hotel, stuck in Soviet times. A double room with a color TV will cost 1,600 rubles per night. You can book a room in advance by phone, but in this case you will have to pay an additional 25 percent upon check-in.
What to bring
In Kashin you will be offered local gingerbread, mineral water and, of course, distillery products. “Vereska” berry liqueurs can be bought in many metropolitan supermarkets (and at the same prices), so in Kashin it is better to pay attention to “exotic” varieties of vodka or “Old Kashin” balm.
Source: rustur.ru
Kashin Tver region travel
Directions
A trip to the city of Kashin will be interesting for both adults and children. People come here with a group of friends or family. You can get to Kashin by train from Moscow from Belorussky or Savelovsky stations in just 5-6 hours. From St. Petersburg they use the same transport to get to Uglich or Tver, and then take a bus to the desired city. It is also possible to travel by train from Kalyazin and Bezhetsk.
It is also convenient to travel from the capital from the Tushino bus station. From Tver you can take a bus or high-speed train to Rybinsk. There is no airport in Kashin. Someone comes to this town by private car along the Yaroslavl highway. During the trip, travelers will have the opportunity to enjoy picturesque landscapes.
You can visit Kashin on your own or take a guided tour. For some, one day is enough to see all the sights of the city. But some spend almost a week in this place. Kashin residents are advised to come here on City Day, which they noisily celebrate on June 23. The holiday includes concerts, various exhibitions and folk festivals, and in the evening the local population and guests are treated to fireworks and performances by artists. A trip around Kashin will leave a lot of pleasant impressions on any visitor.
