Bronnitsy – Bronnitsy

This toponym has other meanings, see Bronnitsy (meanings).

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K: Settlements founded in 1453
Bronnitsy

- a city in the Moscow region of Russia. Forms the urban district of Bronnitsy.

Population - 22,467[1] people. (2016).

Story

Bronnitsy has been known since 1453 as a large trading village of Bronichi.

on the Astrakhan tract.[2] The village was the patrimony of the Moscow princes, then the Russian tsars[3]. At the end of the 17th century, under Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, a stud farm was founded in Bronnitsy.

In 1618, the city was ravaged by the Cossacks of Hetman Sagaidachny, who were in Polish service.

Under Peter I, the village was transferred to Prince Alexander Menshikov. In 1727 it again went to the palace department.

By decree of Catherine II of October 5, 1781, in connection with the establishment of a new administrative division, Bronnitsy received the status of a district town, becoming the center of the newly formed Bronnitsy district of the Moscow province.[4]

The French army, which left Moscow in the fall of 1812, caused great damage to the city.

On April 16, 1964, mass riots occurred in the city - about 300 people destroyed the bullpen, where a city resident died from beatings. 8 people were brought to criminal responsibility[5].

In 1990, Bronnitsy was included in the list of historical cities of Russia.

In 1992, the city of Bronnitsy received the status of a city of regional subordination and a new city boundary, according to which the city area increased from 600 hectares to 2216 hectares.

Etymology

Toponyms starting from Bron-

(plural
Bronnitsy
,
Broniki
; singular
Bronnikovo
,
Brontsa
, etc.) are common to all East Slavic territories, starting from Bronitsa in the Lviv region from Ukraine[10] to Bronnikovo in the Chita region of Russia. Each of these towns and villages has a different etymology behind its name. In the case of Bronnitsy of the Moscow region, all proposed versions were disputed, and none of them received the firm preference of historians.[11]

• The most popular version gets Bronnitsy
  from
  bronze
  (modern Russian: armor, armor), suggesting that Bronnitsy was a village of gunsmiths. This version, however, contradicts the history of medieval Bronnitsy.[11][12]
• Distantly related explanations suggest the existence of a notable warrior
  or man named Bronislaw.[11]
• Another explanation connects the Bronnitsy
  to
  bran'
  (swearing,
  fighting
  or
  combat
  ), referring to the fight with the Tatars.[13]
• The most plausible version derives Bronnitsy
  from the obsolete
  bronk
  , the word originally meant
  oat thorns
  , later ears of any cultivated porridge.
  Bronnitsy originated as a pit station on the highway, and its granaries were needed to feed the horses with sweet potatoes. Bronnitsy
  , presumably, are feeders located along the route.[11]

The latter version is supported by the fact that another, older village, once called Bronnitsy, now Bronnitsy on the Msta R., also turned into a sweet potato production station.[14]

Development

Currently, a master plan for the development of Bronnitsy has been adopted. The development of the city is planned within the existing territories using currently unused areas. It is predicted that by 2022 the area of ​​the city's housing stock will increase from 449.2 thousand m² to 750.7 thousand m². At the same time, the population will increase to 25,000 people.[6]

Since 2009, freight traffic on the road bridge across the Moscow River within Bronnitsy has been closed; in 2011, construction began on a new bridge 30 meters downstream. Within the city, in December 2011, the construction of a two-level traffic interchange was completed at the intersection of the M-5 Ural highway with the Small Moscow Ring. In October 2014, a section of the M-5 highway bypassing the city was opened.

Culture

There are a number of educational institutions in Bronnitsy: four secondary schools, of which one is evening, six pre-school educational institutions, a road transport college, branches of the Moscow Road University, Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University, Moscow Financial and Industrial University. There is a children's art school (has departments: piano; folk instruments - balalaika, button accordion, accordion; vocal - pop, academic, choral; brass), cultural and leisure (on the basis of which the folk vocal variety studio "Romashka" and "Firefly" function, folk group "Veselukha", folk group "Harmony", dance studio), creative studio "April", youth (specializes in holding competitions "Miss and Mister Bronnitsy", organizing and holding rock concerts and the annual Youth Day). In the city of Bronnitsy (on the basis of a children's art house) in 1999, the group “Gran-Courage” was founded.

Also in the city there is an exhibition hall with a constantly updated exhibition, a local history museum; city ​​and children's libraries. There is city terrestrial television (45 decimeter channel). The following newspapers are published: “Bronnitsky News”, “On the Business Wave”, “Boikoe Mesto”.

Educational and cultural institutions: Schools: children's art school, three general education schools, one evening general education school. Institutions of secondary and higher education: road transport college, a branch of the Moscow Road University, a branch of the Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University, a branch of the Moscow Financial and Industrial University. Other: city library; children's library, "April" studio, "Veselukha" group, exhibition hall, "Harmony" group, local history museum, dance studio.

Economy

Buildings on the main street of the Old Ryazan Highway, built in the early 1950s.
The largest employer in Bronnitsy is a jewelry factory. the cooperative was created in November 1924[36] According to the mill's website, at that time all local craftsmen processed no more than 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of gold per year, compared to the current four metric tons per year.[36] The cooperative was converted into a factory in 1956; in 1963 it absorbed another former cooperative from nearby Sinkovo.[36] In 1972, the factory moved to its current buildings, built since 1968.[36] According to information on its website, Bronnitsy alone employs about seven hundred people, or 10% of the city's workforce.[36]

NII-21 (21st Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense) is the main facility of the Russian military for testing wheeled vehicles.[18] With the creation of NII-21 in the 1950s, much-needed vocational training institutions were created; The Moscow Automobile Institute (MADI) has had a branch in Bronnitsy since 1959.[56]

The city's revenue for 2010 is set at about fifteen million US dollars; about half of them are collected at the local level through taxes, the rest is transferred from regional and federal funds.[57] In 2009, fraud at City Hall became the subject of a criminal investigation; The deputy mayor committed suicide in a pre-trial detention center.[58]

List of streets, alleys and passages of Bronnitsy

Sport

There is a sports complex in Bronnitsy on Lake Belskoye. There is a specialized children's and youth school of the Olympic reserve and a state school of the Olympic reserve, specializations: kayaking and canoeing, football.

Since March 1996, the city has hosted the open personal championship of the city of Bronnitsy in winter coastal spinning twice a year (on the second weekend of March and on the penultimate weekend of November).

Bronnitsy is a sports city. Sports are actively developing here: football, chess, checkers, rhythmic gymnastics, rowing, and motor sports. Old-timers of the city remember how the first city stadium was built, which was restored several decades later. Tribunes, running tracks and various types of premises were built. On January 6, 1994, a decree was issued on the organization of a children's sports school. In 1998, a sports complex was opened on Lake Belskoe.

Honored Trainers of Russia: Sergey Verlin; Yakov Kostyuchenko; Victor Pitirimov; Vladimir Loginov. Best young athletes: Ilya Shtokalov; Igor Borozdin; Nikolay Lipkin; Andrey Shkiotov; Anastasia Sergeeva. The Specialized Children and Youth School of the Olympic Reserve is an institution of additional education for children. 1997 brought the school the status of a specialized school. Two main departments: football department; rowing department 26 sports and recreational groups in different areas, such as general physical training, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics.

Geography

The historical center of Bronnitsy stands on the southern shore of the narrow and shallow Lake Belskoye, the former Moscow-River trail that is now completely cut off from the river. The narrow and flat area between the lake and the river is partly occupied by fifteen football fields and an Olympic reserve school specializing in training. rowing athletes; The lake itself serves as a rowing channel. Two small islands on the lake are uninhabited, the lake itself is bridged by pedestrians. suspension bridge.

The Moscow-Ryazan road, which once passed through Bronnitsy, now skirts the city center north of Ring Road A-107 and returns to the old track south of it. Sovetskaya Street, a section of the M5 highway passing through Bronnitsy, is still an important street passing through the city center. A-107, a major east-west corridor, crosses the city and the Moscow River a few blocks south of Lake Belskoye. The old and narrow bridge over the Moscow River causes queues that sometimes reach 10 kilometers (6.2 miles).[15] In August 2008, the poor condition of the bridge due to its heavy use led to a ban on trucks and buses on the bridge, further worsening congestion.[16] A year later, the city administration agreed to begin construction of a second two-lane bridge next to the old one, but funds have not yet been firmly allocated.[17]

Traditional single-family homes remain throughout much of the city. Mid-rise buildings are concentrated in the southern part of Bronnitsy along the A-107 highway.

People whose lives are connected with Bronnitsy

Ivan Pushchin, a Decembrist and friend of the poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, lived and was buried in Bronnitsy for some time. A major contribution to the development of the city was made by the direct descendants of Pushkin - the eldest son Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin (from 1862 to 1866 - world mediator in Bronnitsky district) and especially the grandson - Alexander Alexandrovich Jr. The poet's grandson was a zemstvo chief from 1890, and from 1897 to 1916 - chairman of the Bronnitsy district zemstvo government. A. A. Pushkin was buried in Bronnitsy, a monument was erected to him. The Decembrist Fonvizin, Mikhail Alexandrovich, is also buried in the city. In 1889, S.P. Volkov, local historian, writer, teacher, was born here, A.K. Doroshkevich (1889-1946) - literary critic, critic, teacher, professor.

The famous Soviet rock musician Alexander Barykin lived in Bronnitsy.[21]

ARMORS

BRONNITSY, a city in Russia, in the central part of the Moscow region, the center of the urban district of the same name. Population 22.5 thousand people. (2019). Located on the high left bank of the river. Moscow (pier), 11 km from the railway station of the same name.

Story

First mentioned in 1453 as s. Bronnichi in the spiritual letter of the Grand Duchess of Moscow Sofia Vitovtovna, wife of Vasily I Dmitrievich. The name, according to legend, is due to the fact that armor masters lived here, making armor and chain mail. According to another version, the name means a place of frequent battles (“battles”) with the Mongol-Tatars. Apparently, already from the 16th century. was the royal estate. There was a royal stud farm in Bronnitsy (no later than 1634–1845); in 1706 Peter I transferred it, along with the assigned peasants, to the personal possession of the prince. A.D. Menshikov, by decree of Emperor Peter II in 1728, the plant was again transferred to the department of the palace Stables department. In 1781–1924 Bronnitsy was a district town in the Moscow province. The economic activities of the population were associated with meeting local demand and servicing the Moscow-Kolomna trade route. In 1929–59 the regional center of the Moscow region (in 1959–60 as part of the Lyubertsy district, in 1960–92 – in the Ramensky district). Since 1992, it has been a city of regional subordination, the center of the urban district of the same name.

Architecture

Photo by A. I. Nagaev Bronnitsa. Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1696–1705) and the bell tower (mid-19th century) in the central square of the city.

The regular layout of the 18th century has been preserved in Bronnitsy. with a rectangular street network. To the center. square - the 5-domed pillarless Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1696–1705) with a refectory (rebuilt in 1865), combining the type of a posad church with the decorative elements of Moscow. Baroque (in the interior, stucco cartouches are framed by picturesque panels; icons by T. I. Filatiev were transferred to the Museum of Ancient Russian Art named after St. Andrei Rublev); classic the Church of St. John the Merciful (Entry of Jerusalem; early 1840s, architect A. M. Shestakov) and the bell tower (mid-19th century, architect V. I. Bove). The complex of barracks for the cavalry regiment, forming a square with corner and entrance pavilions, was built in the Empire style (1st half of the 19th century). In 1999, a memorial park was created on the site of the demolished cemetery, the tombstone of A. S. Pushkin’s grandson, A. A. Pushkin (1863–1916), who served as the leader of the Bronnitsy district zemstvo government (1894–1916), and the Bronnitsy district leader of the nobility (1896–1909), was restored ). His bust (sculptor M. G. Salman) was installed in the same year in front of the city administration building.

Centers of science and culture

Research Institute of Automotive Technology No. 21 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Branch of the Moscow Automobile and Highway Institute. Museum of City History (1998).

Farm

Jewelry production (the largest enterprise in the city is Bronnitsky Jeweler), woodworking, light and food industries.

Neighborhood

Near the city, in the village. Markovo (in the 17th century, the patrimony of the Odoevsky princes), - Kazan Church (1672–80, architect, possibly P. P. Potekhin), single-domed, surrounded on 3 sides by covered porches, decorated with tiles and white stone carvings (later rebuilt, decoration the interior was made by masters of the Armory Chamber; the iconostasis with icons from the 1st half of the 18th century; the chapel iconostasis - in the Museum of Ancient Russian Art named after St. Andrei Rublev). In the village Krivtsy (at the beginning of the 18th century, the possession of Prince M.A. Volkonsky) - Smolensk Church (1708) in the Moscow Baroque style, of the “octagon on a quadrangle” type, with white stone carved decoration, carved iconostasis (beginning of the 18th century, with renovations in the 19th and 20th centuries). Near the city there are the estates Denezhnikovo in the style of classicism (created in the last quarter of the 18th century by the owner I.L. Talyzin and his heirs) and Avdotino (the estate of the enlightener N.I. Novikov). The Decembrists M.A. Fonvizin (1853–54) and I.I. Pushchin (1857–59) lived in the Maryino estate; both were buried in Bronnitsy near the walls of the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael.

Links

• Moscow region Urban districts Balashikha • Bronnitsy • Vlasikha (ZATO) • Voskhod (ZATO) • Dzerzhinsky • Dolgoprudny • Domodedovo • Dubna • Yegoryevsk • Zhukovsky • Zvenigorod • Star City (ZATO) • Ivanteevka • Kashira • Kolomna • Korolev • Kotelniki • Krasnoarmeysk • Krasnoznamensk (ZATO) • Lobnya • Losino-Petrovsky • Lytkarino • Molodezhny (ZATO) • Mytishchi • Ozyory • Orekhovo-Zuevo • Podolsk • Protvino • Pushchino • Reutov • Roshal • Serebryanye Prudy • Serpukhov • Fryazino • Khimki • Chernogolovka • Elektrogorsk • Elektrostal • Shakhovskaya

Excerpt characterizing Bronnitsy

Pierre gradually began to come to his senses and look around the room where he was and the people in it. Around a long table covered in black sat about twelve people, all in the same clothes as those he had seen before. Pierre knew some of them from St. Petersburg society. An unfamiliar young man sat in the chair, wearing a special cross around his neck. On the right hand sat the Italian abbot, whom Pierre had seen two years ago at Anna Pavlovna's. There was also one very important dignitary and a Swiss tutor who had previously lived with the Kuragins. Everyone was solemnly silent, listening to the words of the chairman, who was holding a hammer in his hand. There was a burning star embedded in the wall; on one side of the table there was a small carpet with various images, on the other there was something like an altar with a Gospel and a skull. Around the table there were 7 large, church-like candlesticks. Two of the brothers brought Pierre to the altar, put his legs in a rectangular position and ordered him to lie down, saying that he was throwing himself towards the gates of the temple. “He must get a shovel first,” one of the brothers said in a whisper. - A! completeness please,” said another. Pierre, with confused, myopic eyes, disobeying, looked around him, and suddenly doubt came over him. "Where I am? What am I doing? Are they laughing at me? Will I be ashamed to remember this? But this doubt lasted only for an instant. Pierre looked back at the serious faces of the people around him, remembered everything he had already gone through, and realized that he could not stop halfway. He was horrified by his doubt and, trying to evoke in himself the former feeling of tenderness, he threw himself towards the gates of the temple. And indeed a feeling of tenderness, even stronger than before, came over him. When he had been lying there for some time, they told him to get up and put on him the same white leather apron that the others were wearing, they gave him a shovel and three pairs of gloves, and then the great master turned to him. He told him to try not to stain the whiteness of this apron, which represents strength and purity; then about the unknown shovel he said that he should work with it to cleanse his heart from vices and condescendingly smooth over the heart of his neighbor with it. Then about the first men’s gloves he said that he could not know their meaning, but must keep them, about other men’s gloves he said that he should wear them in meetings, and finally about the third women’s gloves he said: “Dear brother, and these women’s gloves are for you.” the essence is determined. Give them to the woman you will honor the most. With this gift, assure the one whom you choose as a worthy stonemason of the integrity of your heart.” And after being silent for a while, he added: “But be careful, dear brother, that these gloves are not adorned by unclean hands.” While the great master uttered these last words, it seemed to Pierre that the chairman was embarrassed. Pierre became even more embarrassed, blushed to the point of tears, like children blush, began to look around restlessly, and an awkward silence ensued. This silence was interrupted by one of the brothers, who, leading Pierre to the carpet, began to read from a notebook an explanation of all the figures depicted on it: the sun, the moon, the hammer. a plumb line, a shovel, a wild and cubic stone, a pillar, three windows, etc. Then Pierre was assigned his place, they showed him the signs of the box, said the opening word and finally allowed him to sit down. The Great Master began to read the charter. The charter was very long, and Pierre, from joy, excitement and shame, was not able to understand what was being read. He listened only to the last words of the charter, which he remembered. “In our temples we do not know other degrees,” the great master read, “except those that are between virtue and vice. Beware of making any distinction that might violate equality. Fly to the aid of your brother, no matter who he is, guide the erring one, lift up the falling one, and never harbor anger or enmity against your brother. Be kind and friendly. Stir up the fire of virtue in all hearts. Share your happiness with your neighbor, and may envy never disturb this pure pleasure. Forgive your enemy, do not take revenge on him, except by doing him good. Having thus fulfilled the highest law, you will find traces of the ancient majesty you have lost.” He finished and, standing up, hugged Pierre and kissed him. Pierre, with tears of joy in his eyes, looked around him, not knowing how to respond to the congratulations and renewal of acquaintances with whom he was surrounded. He did not recognize any acquaintances; in all these people he saw only brothers with whom he was eager to get down to business. The great master slammed his hammer, everyone sat down, and one read a lesson on the need for humility. The great master offered to perform the last duty, and an important dignitary, who bore the title of alms collector, began to make the rounds of the brothers. Pierre wanted to write down all the money he had on the alms sheet, but he was afraid to show pride by doing so, and he wrote down the same amount as others wrote down. The meeting was over, and upon returning home, it seemed to Pierre that he had come from some long journey, where he had spent dozens of years, had completely changed and fell behind the previous order and habits of life. The next day after being admitted to the lodge, Pierre sat at home, reading a book and trying to understand the meaning of the square, which depicted God on one side, moral on the other, physical on the third, and mixed on the fourth. From time to time he looked up from the book and the square and in his imagination made up a new life plan for himself. Yesterday in the box he was told that a rumor about a duel had reached the sovereign's attention, and that it would be more prudent for Pierre to leave St. Petersburg. Pierre intended to go to his southern estates and take care of his peasants there. He was joyfully pondering this new life when Prince Vasily suddenly entered the room. – My friend, what have you done in Moscow? Why did you quarrel with Lelya, mon сher? [my dear?] “You are mistaken,” said Prince Vasily, entering the room. “I found out everything, I can tell you correctly that Helen is innocent before you, like Christ before the Jews.” - Pierre wanted to answer, but he interrupted him. “And why didn’t you address me directly and simply as a friend?” “I know everything, I understand everything,” he said, “you behaved as befits a person who values ​​​​his honor; It may be too hasty, but we won’t judge that. Just remember the position in which you place her and me in the eyes of the whole society and even the court,” he added, lowering his voice. – She lives in Moscow, you are here. Remember, my dear,” he pulled him down by the hand, “there is one misunderstanding here; I think you feel it yourself. Write a letter with me now, and she will come here, everything will be explained, otherwise I’ll tell you, you can get hurt very easily, my dear. Prince Vasily looked at Pierre impressively. “I know from good sources that the Empress Dowager takes a keen interest in this whole matter.” You know, she is very merciful to Helen. Several times Pierre was going to speak, but on the one hand, Prince Vasily did not allow him to do so, on the other hand, Pierre himself was afraid to start speaking in that tone of decisive refusal and disagreement in which he firmly decided to answer his father-in-law. In addition, the words of the Masonic charter: “be kind and friendly” came to his mind. He winced, blushed, stood up and fell down, working on himself in the most difficult task in his life - to say something unpleasant to a person’s face, to say something that was not what this person, no matter who he was, expected. He was so accustomed to obeying this tone of Prince Vasily’s careless self-confidence that even now he felt that he would not be able to resist it; but he felt that his entire future fate would depend on what he said now: whether he would follow the old, former road, or along that new one, which was so attractively shown to him by the Masons, and on which he firmly believed that will find rebirth to a new life. “Well, my dear,” said Prince Vasily jokingly, “tell me: “yes,” and I will write to her on my own behalf, and we will kill the fat calf.” - But Prince Vasily did not have time to finish his joke, when Pierre, with a fury in his face that reminded him of his father, without looking into the eyes of his interlocutor, said in a whisper: - Prince, I did not invite you to my place, go, please, go! “He jumped up and opened the door for him. “Go,” he repeated, not believing himself and rejoicing at the expression of embarrassment and fear that appeared on Prince Vasily’s face. - What happened to you? You are sick? - Go! – the trembling voice spoke again. And Prince Vasily had to leave without receiving any explanation. A week later, Pierre, having said goodbye to his new friends, the Freemasons, and leaving them large sums of alms, left for his estates. His new brothers gave him letters to Kyiv and Odessa, to the Freemasons there, and promised to write to him and guide him in his new activities. The affair between Pierre and Dolokhov was hushed up, and, despite the sovereign’s then strictness regarding duels, neither both opponents nor their seconds were harmed. But the story of the duel, confirmed by Pierre’s breakup with his wife, became public in society. Pierre, who was looked upon condescendingly and patronizingly when he was an illegitimate son, who was caressed and glorified when he was the best groom of the Russian Empire, after his marriage, when brides and mothers had nothing to expect from him, lost greatly in the opinion of society, especially that he did not know how and did not want to curry public favor. Now he alone was blamed for what had happened, they said that he was a stupid jealous person, subject to the same fits of bloodthirsty rage as his father. And when, after Pierre’s departure, Helen returned to St. Petersburg, she was not only cordially, but with a touch of respect for her misfortune, received by all her acquaintances. When the conversation turned to her husband, Helen adopted a dignified expression, which she, although not understanding its meaning, with her characteristic tact, adopted for herself. This expression said that she decided to endure her misfortune without complaining, and that her husband was a cross sent to her from God. Prince Vasily expressed his opinion more openly. He shrugged his shoulders when the conversation turned to Pierre, and, pointing to his forehead, said: “Un cerveau fele – je le disais toujours.” [Half-crazy - I always said that.] “I said in advance,” Anna Pavlovna said about Pierre, “I said right then, and before everyone else (she insisted on her primacy), that this is a crazy young man, spoiled by the depraved ideas of the century. I said this back then, when everyone admired him and he had just arrived from abroad, and remember, one evening I thought he was some kind of Marat. How did it end? I didn’t want this wedding then and predicted everything that would happen. Anna Pavlovna continued to host such evenings on her free days as before, and those that she alone had the gift of arranging, evenings at which she gathered, firstly, la creme de la veritable bonne societe, la fine fleur de l' essence intellectuelle de la societe de Petersbourg, [the cream of a truly good society, the color of the intellectual essence of St. Petersburg society,] as Anna Pavlovna herself said. In addition to this refined choice of society, Anna Pavlovna’s evenings were also distinguished by the fact that every time at her evening Anna Pavlovna presented her society with some new, interesting face, and that nowhere, as at these evenings, was the degree of the political thermometer expressed so clearly and firmly, on which the mood of the court legitimist St. Petersburg society stood. At the end of 1806, when all the sad details had already been received about Napoleon’s destruction of the Prussian army near Jena and Auerstätt and about the surrender of most of the Prussian fortresses, when our troops had already entered Prussia, and our second war with Napoleon began, Anna Pavlovna gathered at her place evening. La creme de la veritable bonne societe [The cream of real good society] consisted of the charming and unhappy Helene, abandoned by her husband, from MorteMariet, the charming Prince Hippolyte, who had just arrived from Vienna, two diplomats, an aunt, one young man who enjoyed living room with the name simply d'un homme de beaucoup de merite, [a very worthy person], one newly granted maid of honor with his mother and some other less noticeable persons. The person with whom Anna Pavlovna treated her guests like a novelty that evening was Boris Drubetskoy, who had just arrived as a courier from the Prussian army and was an aide-de-camp to a very important person.

Bronnitsy

The predecessor of the modern city of Bronnitsy was the village of Bronniche. There are different versions about the origin of the name of the village. According to one version, armor masters lived in it. Others associate the name with the ford that existed here across the Moscow River (Brodnichi), with the sites of ancient battles - “battles”. The ending "che" usually indicates the owner of the village. It is likely that in this case the name of the village could be associated with a feudal lord named Bronislav or the nickname “armornik”, i.e. the owner of heavy military armor. The history of the city of Bronnitsy dates back to the second mid-15th century. The first written mention of the village of Bronniche dates back to this period, when the wife of the Great Moscow Prince Vasily Dmitrievich (son of Dmitry Donskoy) Sofya Vitovtovna in 1453 bequeathed it, among other villages and volosts, to her grandson Yuri Vasilyevich - Prince Dmitrovsky. At the same time, it is indicated that the villages of Bronnichi, Krivtsovo and Velino were “purchase”, that is, they were not previously part of the possession of the princely family, but were purchased from another owner.

The princess’s new villages were located on the territory of Kolomna district. They remained part of it until the second half of the 18th century. The location of the village of Bronniche, which was located halfway between Moscow and Kolomna - the largest trading cities of that time, was very convenient. The proximity of the river pier and the ford across the Moskva River that existed at that time, through which the road from Kasimovsky to Kashirsky and Serpukhov highways passed, suggests that the village arose much earlier than what is said about it in official documents.

After 19 years, the childless Prince Yuri bequeathed the village in 1472 as a gift to the Pafnutiev Monastery in Borovsk (now a city in the Kaluga region). The village was surrounded by villages and was the center of the area. The will listed the lands used by the peasants and mentioned the Moskvorets meadows. For a long time, hay from them was exported in large quantities along the river, and in winter, by sleigh ride to Moscow, it was sold on the spot to cab drivers passing through the village, heading towards Moscow and towards Kolomna. Prince Yuri frees the peasants from half the debt, without payment of which they could not leave the estate of their high owner.

Large villages gradually emerged along the trade routes, where horse feed was traded, overnight accommodations were arranged for travelers, and carts and harnesses were repaired. On the Kolomenskaya road, Bronniche, Borsheva, Stanovoe, Ostrovtsy became such people. Subsequently, the village of Bronniche began to play a noticeable role in the district and surpassed the village of Borsheva, located four miles to the south, which was considered the center of an important palace volost in Kolomensky district.

The development of Rus' was delayed by two centuries of its dependence on Mongol-Tatar oppression. The path to the southeastern steppe ran through Bronnitsy, from where foreigners invaded more than once. In 1380, part of the troops of Dmitry Donskoy passed here under the leadership of Prince Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky, and 2 years after the Battle of Kulikovo, the army of Tokhtamysh broke through here, plundering Moscow and its environs and extending the payment of tribute to the Tatars for another century. In the 15th century, raids on Moscow were repeated more than once, including along the Kolomenskaya Road. Only after “standing on the Ugra” in 1480, when the Tatars did not dare to engage in battle with the army of the strengthened Moscow prince Ivan III and retreated, Rus' stopped paying them tribute and gained freedom.

In the middle of the 16th century, the army of Ivan the Terrible passed through Bronnitsy and Kolomna to Kazan. At the beginning of the 17th century, during the “Time of Troubles,” detachments of the peasant army of Ivan Bolotnikov passed through here. In 1608-1610, battles were fought with Polish troops. During these years, many villages and hamlets, devastated by the war, disappeared in the region.

Under Tsar Mikhail Romanov (1613-1645), many palace lands were transferred to his entourage. In order to strengthen the equestrian army, a number of royal estates were transformed into palace stables. The village of Bronnichi was among them. Here, surrounded by vast meadows, the “sovereign mare’s stable” was located in 1634, turned into a large stud farm, where horses were kept and prepared for trips of the royal family. The stable contained horses of rare breeds, often donated by the rulers of other countries to the Russian sovereigns.

The population of the village and neighboring palace estates was engaged in servicing the horses, growing fodder for them and harvesting hay. Residents of the villages of Bronnitsy and Velino were entirely occupied with servicing the stud farm. Thus, Bronnitsy, with the exception of two decades when Peter I transferred them to Prince A.D. Menshikov for personal ownership, belonged to the royal family.

During the Pugachev uprising, as it approached central Russia, the residents of Bronnitsy sympathized with the rebels. On August 4, 1774, the Senate listened to the report of the Palace Stables Chancellery on the refusal of the peasants to give the required two people from every hundred souls to the established military corps. But the resistance of the peasants was broken. After 2 days, 22 people were sent to the newly formed corps. This fact speaks of the disobedience of Bronnitsy residents to the authorities.

At the end of the 18th century, frightened by the scale of the peasant war, Catherine II carried out a provincial administrative reform, according to which the village of Bronnitsy in 1782 received the status of a district town and the center of the Bronnitsky district, formed at the expense of the separated volosts of the southern part of the Moscow and northern parts of the Kolomensky district. In the new district, approximately one third of the population were state, palace peasants. There were up to 80 thousand dessiatines of arable land in the new district, more than 20 thousand dessiatines of mowing, over 86 thousand dessiatines of forests, more than 209 thousand in total. After the liquidation of the neighboring Nikitsky district in 1801, most of its villages moved to Bronnitsky - Bykovo, Ostrovtsy, Myachkovo, Konstantinovo, Zhiroshkino, Nikonovskoye, etc. In this form, the district remained almost unchanged until 1929, when the reorganization of provinces, districts and volosts in regions and districts. The main occupations of the peasants were arable farming, cattle breeding, vegetable gardening, horticulture, trade and crafts. They worked as carriers, delivering hay, firewood, and bread to the capital. They kept inns where cabbies and merchants passing by stopped.

At its foundation, the newly established city of Bronnitsy differed little from an ordinary large village. According to economic notes compiled based on information from the 1760s, it consisted of “639 merchants, townspeople and residents of various ranks, 126 dessiatines of land under the village, 677 dessiatines of arable land, 52 dessiatines of hayfields, 8 dessiatines of forest, inconvenient places (under roads and lake) 44 dessiatines, ... the village is located near Lake Belskoye and on the shore of an unnamed ravine. In that city there are 2 churches: 1st Archangel Michael, 2nd John the Merciful with a stone fence and storeroom. Two courtyards: a stone state-owned factory, in which there are horses... Spanish, German, Polish; wooden courtyard. The inhabitants of that city do not have trade and earn their living by arable farming. Women practice household handicrafts."

However, after just a few years, both the composition of the population and the appearance of the county town change. Houses of public places appeared: the “mayor’s” administration, the district court and the district treasury, the number of officials and nobles who moved to the city grew. The merchant class is increasing, which is replenished by rich peasants from different villages. Already in 1787, according to the book “Historical and Topographical Description of the Cities of the Moscow Province,” compiled by Moscow University professor Kh. A. Chebotarev, in the city of Bronnitsy there were 223 houses and 1,542 inhabitants.

The coat of arms of the new city, made by the palace king of arms, was a vertical rectangle. On the upper half, on a red background, St. George the Victorious was depicted on a horse, slaying the serpent, as on all the coats of arms of the cities of the Moscow province, and in the lower part the coat of arms of the Bronnitsy themselves was a golden horse on a green field. At the same time it is said: “The golden horse is a sign that there were glorious horse studs in this place.”

The city was built up in accordance with the highest approved plan in the form of a regular quadrangle 600 fathoms long and 400 wide, divided into even blocks, where all the streets were located at right angles. An elementary school and a school for the children of stable employees appeared in the city. In the city there were 3 forges and 21 shops where they sold red tape, scarves, and lace products made in Moscow.

The territory of the city was divided into two parts by the Kolomenskaya Road. Near the Church of the Archangel Michael, a center with stone one- and two-story houses gradually took shape, followed by the houses of officials, and on the outskirts - the houses of peasants and artisans. Shops, shops and warehouses were usually built in merchant stone houses. Wine and salt shops were built. Next to the cathedral in the 40s of the 19th century, the provincial architect A. Shestakov built the Jerusalem Church - a one-story building topped with a dome on a small light drum, with four-column porticoes of the Tuscan order placed on three sides.

By the beginning of the 19th century, there were 63 merchant houses in Bronnitsy. Almost a quarter of local families belonged to the merchant rank. According to the number of merchants from 14 cities of the province, after Serpukhov, Kolomna and Vereya, Bronnitsy took fourth place, ahead of a city such as Dmitrov. According to the declared capital of 64 thousand rubles, Bronnitsy took fifth place in the province. Merchants bought livestock from traders from the southern districts and from surrounding peasants and sold them at bazaars and fairs in Moscow and other cities and large villages.

Among the artisans were tailors, blacksmiths, cart makers, and shoe felters. Children were often sent to Moscow for training, including learning how to print designs on fabric and make silver and copper items. Since the 19th century, jewelry production has also expanded. The population increased rapidly.

The auxiliary transit function of Bronnitsy to provide Moscow with industrial raw materials and food was later sharply reduced due to the construction of the Moscow-Ryazan railway in 1862. The distance from the railway became a brake on the development of the city. Bronnitsy merchants and residents collected five thousand silver rubles for the construction of the Bronnitsy railway station on the Moscow-Ryazan road and a 12-verst access road from the city to the station. The station was opened in 1868, which made it possible to improve communications with Moscow and the markets of other cities. And yet, this remoteness constantly affected the development of the city: in 1924, about 3.5 thousand people lived in it, there was not a single large industry.

As you enter the city from Moscow, there is a prominent red building with white decor – the Church of Elijah the Prophet, built in the 1870s and currently being restored. The tall building with large windows framed by white frames and a wide frieze along the top is distinguished by exquisite proportions. Near the church there was an ancient cemetery, where in 1916 the grandson of A.S. Pushkin, Alexander Alexandrovich, was buried, who lived in the city for many years, and from the 1890s was the zemstvo chief, then the chairman of the Bronnitsy district duma, and was elected leader of the district council for many years. nobility. Showing daily care and attention to the local residents and peasants of the county, he was especially concerned about the development of education and health care, including largely contributing to the construction of two gymnasiums and a hospital in the city. In 1916, the newly built hospital became a hospital for those wounded on the fronts of the First World War. The soldiers who died there were buried in the old cemetery, where in recent years a pyramid monument to Russian soldiers was restored on their mass grave.

In the very center of the city is the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, built in 1696–1705, the appearance of which combines the three-dimensional composition of posad churches of the 17th century and decorative elements of the Moscow Baroque of late times. Near the altar are the graves of the Decembrists - Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin, Mikhail Alexandrovich and Ivan Alexandrovich Fonvizin.

The city also preserves the buildings of the cavalry regiment barracks, built more than a century ago in the Empire style.

Reservoirs are an adornment of the city landscape and a place of recreation for citizens, and in the southern part of the city, where the river approaches its streets, in the summer there is a pier for tourist ships and a beach for citizens.

At different times, V. G. Belinsky, F. M. Dostoevsky, N. V. Gogol, I. I. Lazhechnikov, N. D. Ivanchin-Pisarev, S. F. Durov, N. P. Ogarev, visited Bronnitsy D. V. Grigorovich, N. I. Nadezhdin, A. I. Koshelev, M. M. Prishvin, Albert Rees Williams and many others.

Industrial enterprises of the city were transformed into joint-stock companies. They produce a wide variety of products: jewelry, clothing, typewriters, suitcases, knitted mittens, gloves and much more. The city bus station connects the city with many adjacent villages and hamlets, as well as with Moscow and the Bronnitsy railway station.

In 1992, the city of Bronnitsy received the status of a city of regional subordination, but retained close ties with the Ramensky district. Since 1967, the name of the city of Bronnitsy has been enshrined in the names of Bronnitskaya Street and Bronnitsky Lane in Moscow.

The article uses materials from the book by M. G. Averyanova “Encyclopedia of villages and hamlets of the Moscow region. Ramensky region.