Tyrnyauz city, Kabardino-Balkaria

City in Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia

Tyrnyauz

(Russian: Tyrnyauz; Karachay-Balkarian: Tyrnyaўuz) is a town and administrative center of the Elbrus region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia, located on the main road leading to the Upper Baksan Valley region, and on the main climbing route to Mount Elbrus. Population: 21,000 (2010 Census).[3] Tyrnyauz is the largest city in the Baksan Valley and an important supply point for trips to the Elbrus region.

origin of name

According to philologists, “Tyrnyauz” is translated from the Karachay-Balkar language as “crane gorge.” In the city you can actually observe this phenomenon when, during fogs or low clouds, cranes fly low over the river valley.

There is another version of the translation of the toponym, where “tyrna” means “scratch”, “auz” means “gorge”, and the toponym is translated as “harrowed gorge”. Before the founding of the city, the wide valley was filled with pebbles, and its appearance resembled a deeply plowed furrow.

Geographical location of the city

The city of Tyrnyauz is located in the valley of the Baksan River, 40 kilometers from Mount Elbrus. The Elbrus-Baksan road is laid through it along the river valley, which leads to the foot.

The settlement is located in the mountainous part of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. This is one of the high mountain cities of Russia.

Its entire territory is located in the valley of the Baksan Gorge.

The subsoil of the settlement is rich in deposits of feldspathic raw materials, talc, tungsten, building gypsum, argillic clays, various types of marble, facing granites, molybdenum, high-strength granite gneiss, aplite (porcelain stone), roofing slates and other minerals.

The city's water resources are the Gerkhozhan-Su and Baksan rivers, as well as small streams flowing from the ridges. Many mineral water sources have been discovered. The proximity of the mountains and the location in the gorge form a special type of climate, in which the weather in the city of Tyrnyauz differs sharply from the conditions of the flat and foothill parts of the republic. The climate is characterized by sharp temperature changes and strong dry winds from the mountains (foehn). The average air temperature is +16°C in summer and -4°C in winter. The annual average is 6°C. The amount of precipitation is about 850 mm per year.

Map

Tyrnyauz: photo from space (Google Maps) Tyrnyauz: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus, in the upper reaches of the river. Baksan (Terek basin), 89 km southwest of Nalchik, at an altitude of 1115-1285 m.

Near Tyrnyauz, along the river valley. Baksan passes the road to the foot of Elbrus.

Territory (sq. km): 61

Information about the city of Tyrnyauz on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

The village of Tyrnyauz was founded in 1937 on the site of the Balkar village of Kirkhozhan in connection with the development of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum ore deposit (discovered in 1934, developed since 1940).

The working village of Tyrnya-Auz since 1939. The city of Tyrny-Auz since June 10, 1955. Named for its location in the Tyrnyauz gorge of the Baksan River. The name is from the Balkar Tyrnyaouzu - “tight (narrow) gorge.”

A number of reference books state that the village of Kirkhozhan was named Nizhny Baksan, and since 1955 Tyrnyauz.

In 1961, residents of the working-class village of Gorny (1.6 thousand inhabitants, 1959), which existed in 1937-60. at the foot of the Molybdenum peak they moved to new apartments in the city of Tyrnyauz.

Economy

Tungsten-molybdenum plant. Factories: low-voltage electrical equipment, sand-lime bricks, reinforced concrete products.

Main enterprises

NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

State Enterprise "Tyrnyauz Mining and Processing Plant" (TGOC)
361600, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Elbrus district, Tyrnyauz, Stroiteley Ave., 19
Offers:
Tungsten and molybdenum concentrate: KMSHP, KMF

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Museum of Defense of the Elbrus Region 361605, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Elbrus district, village.
Terskol, st. “World” of the cable car to Elbrus Telephone(s): (866) 5-6880 Regional Museum of Local Lore of the Elbrus Municipal District of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic 361624, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Elbrus District, Tyrnyauz, Elbrus Ave. , 21 Phone(s): (86638) 4-74-82

Architecture, sights

The city is located on narrow river terraces of the deep Baksan valley. 3- and 4-story residential buildings built in the 1940-50s and industrial buildings are located between rocky outcrops.

In the 1980s a microdistrict with 9- and 14-story residential buildings was built.

The buildings of the tungsten-molybdenum processing plant are located on a steep cliff. There are two lines of cable car stretched to the top of the cliff, along which workers are transported.

Story

In 1934, the village of Girkhozhan was founded near the tungsten-molybdenum ore deposit.

Three years later, the first factories began to be built in the upper reaches of the gorge.

In 1937, the village of Girkhozhan was renamed the village of Nizhny Baksan.

In 1955, the settlement was renamed Tyrnyauz and received city status.

No major historical events took place here. The city is interesting due to the fact that the Baksan Gorge is very popular among climbers and skiers in Russia, as well as among researchers of the Great Patriotic War. After all, here the highest mountain front line passed through the passes of the Elbrus region.

With the collapse of the USSR and the closure of the molybdenum plant, the city's population began to decline sharply. So, from 1989 to 2002. The city's population decreased by a third. Mudslides in 2000 contributed to the rapid and sharp decline in population.

The fate of the Tyrnyauz mines

The huge complex of the plant was built in the shortest possible time, and by 1940 it was put into operation. However, in 1942 it had to be destroyed, as German troops were approaching the Baksan Gorge.

After the liberation of the territory from the Nazi invaders, residents recreated the plant from the ruins. Already in 1945 it started working again. Within ten years, kindergartens and schools, a stadium and a hotel, the House of Pioneers and three clubs were built around it. The village of Nizhny Baksan turned into a typical settlement and was renamed. This is how the city of Tyrnyauz, a mining workers’ town, appeared in the Elbrus region.

By the end of the 1990s, the mining plant became one of the leading enterprises in the country. The city of Tyrnyauz in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was recognized as one of the most comfortable and beautiful.

But in the 2000s, the plant practically suspended its work. Currently it is in disrepair. The city's population has decreased. But there are prospects for restoring the plant and the city: there is a project for the construction of a mining and metallurgical complex in Tyrnyauz as a promising investment project for the development of industry in Kabardino-Balkaria.

Tyrnyauz

Geographical location

Tyrnyauz is located in the valley of the Baksan Gorge, at an altitude of more than 1300 meters above sea level. The highest point of the urban settlement is Mount Toturbashi - 2786 meters. Nearest settlements: Bylym, Verkhniy Baksan.

Etymology

Tyrny - crane, auuz - gorge.

Historical reference

Previously, Tyrnyauz was known as the village of Nizhny Baksan, which in turn was formed from the merger of several ancient settlements: Kamuk, Girkhozhana, Totura, and El-Jurta, which now make up the microdistricts of the city, and on the site of El-Jurta there are archaeological ruins - a settlement. The latter was located on a steep slope of a mountain range, on the left bank of the Baksan River, 2 kilometers up the gorge from the current city. The archaeological site - the site of El-Jurt - suggests that the site of the current city is a territory inhabited since ancient times, by people of different nationalities who in the past professed the Christian religion. And in the area of ​​the village of Verkhniy Baksan there are archaeological ruins of a settlement dating back to the 11th-4th centuries BC.

People who lived high in the mountains had to have a courageous and courageous character, be excellent hunters, polite masters of the harsh, but at the same time generous mountain nature. Our assumptions and conclusions are confirmed by another, no less interesting ancient monument - the Kamgut mausoleum. Outside the city, on the opposite bank of Baksan from El-Jurt, there is a mausoleum made of stone. This is a rectangular structure, about two meters high, with a gable roof. Once upon a time, its interior walls were decorated with images of two graceful deer. The mausoleum belonged, judging by popular memory, to Prince Kamgut Krymshamkhalov. People still preserve songs about Kamgut, who was famous for his beauty, daring and extraordinary strength.

Seven kilometers from Tyrnyauz there is a saklya (the dwelling of ancient highlanders), it is 300 years old. It was built from huge pine logs. This is the ancestral saklya of the Budaevs.

More than 70 years have passed since one of the outstanding geological discoveries was made in the unknown village of Nizhny Baksan, nestled in a mountain gorge - a tungsten-molybdenum treasure in the talus of the Ullu-Tyrnyauz ridge. Tyrnyauz owes its birth, first of all, to subsoil prospectors - geologists. In the fall of 1934, in the upper reaches of Baksan, a party of the North Caucasus Geological Expedition, led by the young geologist-engineer B.V. Orlov, began survey work. The expedition's junior collector, Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute student Vera Flerova, found a fragment of white quartz interspersed with molybdenite on one of the slopes of the Tyrnyauz-Tau ridge. Local residents Askhad Gekkiev and Khamid Teberdiev told geologists that there are many such minerals on Mount Kargashinli-Tau. Later, after carefully examining the mountain, Orlov found several bedrock outcrops and came to the conclusion stated in a special note: the deposit is of industrial importance.

The first houses in the village grew along the banks of the Baksan River. In 1935, two two-story houses were founded in the area of ​​​​the village of Girkhozhan. On November 20, 1937, the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry ordered the country's Main Red Metallurgical Committee to speed up the construction of a plant, mine and processing plant in the village of Nizhny Baksan. In the same year, builders came to the Baksan Gorge. At first, the work was done manually. It was decided to excavate six main horizontal adits. The main forces of builders and miners were devoted to building a road to the mine: it was supposed to become an artery supplying the Molybdenum mine with everything it needed. In 1938, young people on their own, during subbotniks and Sundays, prepared the site for the stadium. On May 19, 1938, the first car, driven by the then famous driver Valery, arrived at the mine to remove precious rock. Young people flocked to the construction of the plant from the villages and villages of Kabardino-Balkaria. By this time, the construction of the largest Baksan hydroelectric power station in the North Caucasus had been completed, which provided electricity to the builders of Tyrnyauz. Most of the members of the Komsomol organization of Baksanstroy, led by its secretary, went to work in Tyrnyauz. From Nalchik, with a team of young masons, V.M. arrived in the Baksan Gorge. Bashiev - later Honored Builder of the KBASSR.

Following the mine, an experimental enrichment plant came into operation in the fall of 1938: in November, the country received the first batch of molybdenum.

It was necessary to quickly build a powerful, industrial factory capable of processing the increased flow of ore from the Molybdenum mine. On September 1, 1940, the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant was put into operation. The entire mine complex, crushing plants, cable car, and processing plant began to operate at full capacity. Local residents were actively involved in the work of the plant. Among them are production leaders Afashokov, Abitov, Budaev, Sizhazhev. The names of the Stakhanovites are also unforgotten: V. Bobylev, Kh. Boziev, masons M. Kumykov, V. Baziev, carpenter foreman F. Kudryavtsev, site manager B. Levchenko. The names of drillers A. Shkirda, S. Stefanchenko, T. Tembotov, P. Lyubarsky, Z. Abitov are forever included in the pre-war history of the plant.

During the Great Patriotic War, along with the construction of the plant, the foundation of a workers' camp began. In the floodplain of the Baksan River, located more than 1,500 meters below the molybdenum deposit, they began to build residential buildings for mine workers. The village, built in the 30s of the 20th century, was named Girkhozhan, and then Nizhny Baksan. To find free areas for development, forests on the slopes, and sometimes the mountains themselves, were crowded out.

By the end of the 30s, more than 3 thousand people lived in Nizhny Baksan. Peaceful work was disrupted by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. On June 24, 1941, a people's militia battalion of three companies was formed at the plant. S. Rogov was appointed battalion commander. The plant's workers increased the production of molybdenum, which is necessary for the production of tanks and aircraft. Many men who went to the front were replaced by their wives, sisters, and daughters. In the fall of 1942, the Nazis entered the Baksan Gorge. By the time they arrived, the tungsten-molybdenum plant was blown up, and all the products were transported through the Donguz-Orun pass to Georgia. And in August-September 1942, more than 1,500 workers of the plant and residents of Tyrnyauz with their families made the legendary transition through the Becho pass to the city of Sugdidi. The Nazis entered the empty city on November 17, 1942, but did not stay here long. Already on the night of January 1, 1943, Tyrnyauz was completely liberated from the invaders.

The fate of Tyrnyauz, which had just been liberated from the Nazi invaders, is surprising: the plant was destroyed, piles of twisted metal in place of the openwork supports of the cable car, piles of concrete bricks where the walls of the processing plant stood. Residents of Tyrnyauz began to raise their native plant from the ruins. There was no housing, there was not enough food. Tyrnyauz had no telephone connection or electricity; the only semi-truck was used for transporting goods and delivering mail. Following the government’s decision to restore the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant, dismantling of destroyed structures and preparation of sites for new construction begins. In 1944, the Balkar part of the population was deported to Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and the subsequent history of the city for 13 years took place without the Balkars.

The selfless work of the workers, the help of the Soviet government, allowed the revived Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant to re-enter the operation of existing enterprises in the country on the first day of January 1945. In 1945, Tyrnyauz became the country's largest enterprise in the production of tungsten and molybdenum. G.T. was appointed to the position of director of the plant. Sandpiper. In 1946-50, according to the plan for the restoration and development of the national economy, the second stage of the enterprise was put into operation, a large volume of construction work was completed at the Molybdenum mine, and an extensive program of housing and cultural construction was implemented.

In 1955, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the working village of Nizhny Baksan was renamed the city of Tyrnyauz. By the end of the second post-war five-year plan, fundamental changes took place in Nizhny Baksan. Several general education schools, a music school, schools for the FZO, working youth, and three clubs were built and operated. Three kindergartens and two nurseries were opened, 16 shops, 7 canteens, 4 cafes and snack bars could feed the entire city. A hotel with a restaurant is available to visitors. A stadium with stands for 2,500 seats, a bus station, and a House of Pioneers were built. Nizhny Baksan acquired the appearance of a modern city. And in September 1958, the low-voltage equipment plant provided its first products to the country. In 1960, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Soviet power in Kabardino-Balkaria and for the success achieved in fulfilling production tasks, the plant was awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

In 1962, Tyrnyauz became a city of republican subordination.

During the tenth five-year plan, a fundamentally new step was taken in the development of the enterprise. Tyrnyauz is switching to a new technology for preparing ore for enrichment. A bold plan is being implemented: ore raw materials - autogenous grinding - hydrotransportation - enrichment. The plant's production capacity has increased over the years by more than 20%. The fifth and sixth phases of the plant's construction took place in 1963-1967. These are the years of commissioning new capacities for the extraction and processing of ore, the improvement of underground mining technology, the introduction of a special drilling system, and the improvement of enrichment technology. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 16, 1966, the Tyrnyauz Tungsten-Molybdenum Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the successful implementation of the tasks of the seven-year plan for the extraction and processing of ore and the achievement of high economic indicators. In March 1969, the Palace of Culture named after Lenin (now K. Kuliev) was opened. This Palace, together with the buildings of the management of the plant, secondary school No. 3, and the city party committee (administration), become the center of the architectural ensemble. In the 70s, a new production start-up complex was put into operation, a lime plant, a sand-lime brick plant, and reinforced concrete products began operating.

The years of the ninth and tenth five-year plans were marked by the introduction of self-propelled equipment at the Molybdenum mine, the establishment and further development of the open-pit mine. A conveyor track was constructed to transport all ore from both mines to the Autogenous Grinding Facility (AGF). The country appreciated the heroic work of miners and builders. Many of them were awarded orders and medals. Driller V. Dron was awarded the Order of Lenin. Among those awarded are also I. Klimov, I. Nazarov, A. Popov, A. Terkhetsky, I. Chuvilyev, A. Eidel.

Important changes at the plant took place in the 80s at the open-pit mine: already in 1984, almost three times more rock mass was uncovered than in 1980. Almost three-quarters of it is transported by hero dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 120 and 150 tons. High-performance excavators, drilling rigs, bulldozers, loaders, and crushing plants operate here. Workshops specialized in the repair of heavy mining equipment appeared at the mine site. During the 9-11 five-year plans, the scale of housing and social and welfare construction was impressive. Only during the years of the 11th Five-Year Plan were residential buildings with a total area of ​​100,500 square meters built. A microdistrict with 9 and 14 storey buildings is being introduced, new schools and kindergartens are being built.

By the end of the last century, with persistent and dedicated work, the Tyrnyauz residents turned their plant into one of the leading non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the USSR, and the city into one of the most beautiful cities in the North Caucasus. The country appreciated the labor heroism of the plant's workers, recognizing them with government awards. The Order of Lenin was awarded to drillers and miners V. S. Dron, Z. M. Abitov, T. I. Ignatenko, T. M. Karmov, miners N. T. Frolov, and T. L. Kustov, rope operator M. V. Fasheev , head of the crushing department of the factory Kh. Zh. Afashagov, director of the Plant G. T. Kulik and many others. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to the miners of the Molybdenum mine M.V. Domnich, Kh.K. Arkhestov, Sh. Ya. Mullaev.

In 1992, the population of Tyrnyauz was at its maximum and amounted to more than 31 thousand people. In 1994, the decline of TVMK and, accordingly, the economy of the entire city began - there was a tendency towards outflow of the population.

Education

There are six secondary schools in Tyrnyauz.

Religion

There is a mosque and an Orthodox church in the city.

Surnames

For 1944

Burials

On the territory of the city and in its surroundings there are many burials of different eras, including Muslim and Christian cemeteries.

Current state

Currently, Tyrnyauz is the administrative center of the Elbrus municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Archeology

The following archaeological sites have been explored in the vicinity of Tyrnyauz:

1. Tyrnyauz 1st and 2nd ground burial grounds, finds from which date back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. e.
2. Tyrnyauz 1st underground crypts are located 5 km west of the city: the objects found in them date back to the 5th-6th centuries.
3. Tyrnyauz copper ore mines are 2 km southwest of Tyrnyauz, on Mount Teshik-Tash. They date back to the 4th-12th centuries.
4. Tyrnyauz 2nd underground crypts are located southwest of the city. The inventory of the crypts dates back to the 4th-6th centuries.
5. Tyrnyauz 1st and 2nd settlements are located to the south and southeast of the city on high and inaccessible hills. The finds date back to the early Middle Ages.
6. Tyrnyauz 3rd underground crypts are located 2-3 km northeast of the city. The burial inventory dates back to the 4th-6th centuries.

Chechenov I.M. Antiquities of Kabardino-Balkaria. Nalchik, Elbrus, 1969, p. 35, 53, 54.

Archives

Administrative certificate

Tyrnyauz city

Established as a city of district subordination from the workers' village of Tyrnyauz, Elbrus region, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated June 10, 1955.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the KBASSR dated December 20, 1962 and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated February 1, 1963, it was classified as a city of republican (ASSR) subordination.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated September 19, 1939, the settlement of Tyrnyauz, Elbrus District, was classified as a workers' settlement. The list of settlements of the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the names of which were finally established by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic by November 3, 1950, indicates: the old name is Nizhny Baksan, the name on January 1, 1950 is the working village of Tyrny-Auz.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated June 10, 1955, the working village of Tyrnyauz was transformed into a city of district subordination. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the KBASSR dated December 20, 1962, the city of Tyrnyauz was classified as a city of republican (ASSR) subordination.

Based on the Resolution of the KBR Parliament on May 5, 1994, the territory of the abolished Tyrnyauz City Council was included in the newly formed Elbrus administrative-territorial region. Administrative and territorial transformations in Kabardino-Balkaria. History and modernity. Nalchik, publishing house, 2000, pp. 706, 707.

Famous people

1. Akhmatova Lyubov Chepeleuovna (1971) is a famous Balkarian poetess, member of the Union of Writers of Russia.
2. Kokov Valery Mukhamedovich (1941-2005) - the first president of Kabardino-Balkaria.
3. Konyaev Igor Grigorievich (1963) - Russian theater actor, director, laureate of the State Prize of Russia.
4. Sukhanova Natalya Alekseevna (1931) – Russian writer, prose writer.
5. Zumakulova Tanzilya Mustafaevna (1934 ) – Balkarian poetess.
6. Zholaev Aslan Tokluevich - the first chairman of the Elbrus District Executive Committee in 1935.
7. Zumakulov Mustafa Bashchievich - first secretary of the Elbrus Republic of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 1935
8. Attaev Zhamal Zhabirovich - the first head of the administration of the Elbrus region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 1995. Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation.
9. Akkaev Khadzhimurat Magomedovich – Honored Master of Sports of Russia in weightlifting, Honored Worker of Physical Culture and Sports of the KBR, silver medalist of the Olympic Games in Athens (Greece) 2004, bronze medalist of the Olympic Games in Beijing (China) 2008.
10. Afashokova Nafisat Bubertovna – foreman of the field crop brigade of the Bylymsky state farm. Awarded the Order of Lenin.
11. Akhmatova Maryam Ilyasovna – Chairman of the Council of Women of the Elbrus Municipal District.
12. Akhmatov Ibragim Khashimovich – Doctor of Philology, Professor.
13. Baychekuev Abidin Mutaevich (1940-1986) – Honored Artist of the KBASSR. Since 1979 Member of the Union of Composers. In 1985 he became a laureate of the Republican Prize in the field of literature and art.
14. Bekkiev Azret Yusupovich – Lieutenant General, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Laureate of the USSR State Prize.
15. Vera Aleksandrovna Flerova is the discoverer of the Tyrnyauz molybdenum deposit in the RSFSR.
16. Gekkieva Zuhra Chuchaevna – field farmer. Knight of the Order of Lenin (1956), medal “For the development of virgin lands” (1957), Great Gold Medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1955).
17. Gettuev Maxim Ismailovich (1916-1985) - people's poet of Kabardino-Balkaria. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the KBASSR (1967-1979).
18. Dottuev Akhmat Zhamalovich (1970-2010) – Four-time champion of Russia, two-time champion of Eastern Europe, intercontinental world champion in boxing.
19. Zhetteev Mustafir Zekeryaevich - Honored Artist of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, member of the Union of Composers of the USSR.
20. Dzhubuev Salih Dogashevich – Honored Geologist of Russia.
21. Zalikhanov Mikhail Chokkaevich - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation.
22. Zumakulov Boris Mustafaevich – Academician of the Academy of Social Education, Doctor of Historical Sciences. Veteran of combat operations in Afghanistan. Awarded six orders of the USSR, Russian Federation and the Republic of Afghanistan.
23. Zumakulova Tanzilya Mustafaevna - poetess, Laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR named after. Gorky. A poet with a pronounced individuality, who has absorbed “the variety of colors of our beautiful fatherland.”
24. Kagan German Fedorovich – Doctor of Technical Sciences, full member of the Russian Academy of Mining Sciences.
25. Kuramagomedov Zaur Ismatulaevich is a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler. Two-time champion of Russia, bronze medalist of the World and European Championships, bronze medalist of the 2012 Olympics in London.
26. Lokyaev Yuri Khamidovich - Honored coach of Russia in Greco-Roman wrestling.
27. Makkaev Makhty Khasanovich – senior trainer and teacher in weightlifting. Honored coach of Russia in weightlifting, senior coach of the Russian national team.
28. Miziev Dalkhat Adraevich (1938-1996) – Candidate of Economic Sciences, excellent student of public education, awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals and certificates of honor. From 1992 to 1996 – General Director of TVMK.
29. Musukaeva Shamsa Akhmatovna. From 1957 to 1974 - chairman of the collective farm in Gundelen. She was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution.
30. Otarov Omar Magometovich (1916-2002) - Folk singer, Honored Artist of Kabardino-Balkaria. While in deportation, he was arrested and convicted based on a slanderous denunciation and spent ten years of his life in the Kolyma camps. Released and rehabilitated after the 20th Congress due to the lack of corpus delicti in his actions
31. Otarov Kerim Saromurzovich (1912-1974) - People's poet of Kabardino-Balkaria. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. After being wounded, he was commissioned and sent to Central Asia to a special settlement. On the eve of the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he wrote a letter addressed to N. S. Khrushchev, condemning Stalin’s repressions and justifying the need for the Balkars to return to their historical homeland
32. Olmezov Abdul-Halim Mukaevich is a two-time conqueror of the highest peak in the world - Mount Everest.
33. Sottaev Adilgeriy Khadzhimurzaevich (1910-1977) - linguist. A famous athlete of the 30s, winner of republican, zonal and All-Union athletics competitions, member of the KBASSR football team. Participant of the Great Patriotic War.
34. Bzhikhatlova Aulina Barasbievna – Honored Worker of Culture, Veteran of TVMK.
35. Khabichev Zhamal Akhmatovich - Honored Builder of the KBASSR.
36. Khutuev Hanafi Iskhakovich (1918-1999) - By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1943, he was awarded the medal “For Courage”. Having become the director of a research institute, he managed to bring it into the ranks of the best institutions of this type in the country, and he himself rose to the professional level of a historian.
37. Khutueva Svetlana Hanafievna – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation and Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
38. Eneev Magomet Alievich (1897-1928) - an active participant in the construction of the foundations of Soviet power in the Caucasus, chairman of the Balkar district executive committee (1921). Enlightener, author of the first primer of the native language based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
39. Eneev Timur Magometovich. Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1957) – laureate of the Lenin Prize (1957). A prominent scientist in the field of applied mechanics and aircraft theory. Participated in the creation of the Buran reusable spacecraft. Awarded a gold medal named after. F.A. Tsandler (1992) for a series of works on the theory of motion and flight control of rockets and spacecraft. Laureate of the Academician V. Dmitriev Prize (2006).
40. Etezov Hamid Guguevich - the first teacher of the village of N. Baksan.
41. Etezov Zekerya Suleymanovich - for military merits he was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but did not receive the award as a representative of the deported people.

The material on Tyrnyauz was prepared jointly with Etezova Fatima Askhatovna

director of the local history museum of the Elbrus region

Mudflow tragedy of the city

The city of Tyrnyauz became notorious in mid-July 2000, when a powerful mudflow hit the city. A road bridge was destroyed and residential buildings were flooded. More than 1,000 people were evacuated, 8 were killed, 8 were injured and about 40 were missing.

After 17 years, the tragic fate of the city repeated itself. So, on August 14, 2022, a powerful mudflow hit the city of Tyrnyauz. A state of emergency was introduced. By a lucky coincidence, the mudflow did not affect socially significant objects of the city and residential buildings of the townspeople. About 300 people were evacuated from dangerous regions. The administration of the city of Tyrnyauz and all operational services were on high alert. The work of the operational group and headquarters was organized.

Population of the city of Tyrnyauz

As of 2022, the city has a population of 20,574.

The main part of the population of Tyrnyauz in national terms are Balkars - 52% of the total number of citizens, Russians - 25%, Kabardians - 15%. The population density is approximately 337 people per square kilometer. The gender and age structure is dominated by the population aged 15 to 60 years - 69% of the total number of city residents, under 14 years old - 18%, the share of pensioners over 60 years old - 13%. The average age of city residents is 36 years. The share of women is 55%, and men – 45%.

Education, health and culture

The city's educational institutions include 4 primary and 3 secondary schools, a gymnasium and a lyceum. In addition, there is one created for children with disabilities. Here we provide assistance to parents in raising such children.

Health care institutions in the city include a dental clinic, a district clinic and a district hospital.

Among cultural institutions, the Center for National Crafts, the Central Library, a local history museum and a stadium for 2,500 people open their doors here.

Attractions

The sights of the city of Tyrnyauz in the Elbrus region are few. The city's buildings are mostly one-story, as well as 3-4-story buildings. But there are also several high-rise buildings that were built in the 50s of the 20th century. Industrial buildings are located in a steep cliff.

There are no historical buildings or structures in the city; all its development was carried out in the 20th century.

During the Great Patriotic War, 16,000 Balkars (30% of the Balkar population) took part in the fight against the Nazi invaders. In honor of them, a stele was erected in the city center and the Eternal Flame was lit.

A special place in the city is occupied by a modest monument, which is located on the top above the city. This is the obelisk of Flerova Vera. The monument is dedicated to the discoverers of ore deposits in these places.

Streets

Autogarage 1

The sad story of Vera Flerova and Boris Orlov

Boris and Vera met in 1932. She was a student trainee, and he was a geologist. Together they were engaged in research and geological exploration on the territory of the Tyrnyauz ridge.

Hunters very often found strange stones with lead here, but it was very unusual, since bullets could not be cast from it. These samples were brought to geologists. They carried out an analysis and it turned out that it was molybdenum. The discovery of the deposit marked the beginning of the industrial life of the city.

Vera and Boris continued to study the scree of the ridge. They fell in love and wanted to get married. But tragic fate disrupted their plans. In 1936, near the settlement of Nizhny Baksan (Tyrnyauz), a girl fell from a rope bridge into a gorge and was killed.

Boris did not survive her by much. During the war years he went to the front, was demobilized in 1945, and returned to Tyrnyauz to the plant. However, in January 1946, he also died tragically.

The plant they created, on the site of the deposit they discovered, has long been the pride of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.

In honor of them and their love, an obelisk was erected above the city.

Excerpt characterizing Tyrnyauz

Late at night, when everyone had left, Denisov patted his favorite Rostov on the shoulder with his short hand. “There’s no one to fall in love with on a hike, so he fell in love with Tsa’ya,” he said. “Denisov, don’t joke about this,” Rostov shouted, “this is such a high, such a wonderful feeling, such... - I feel, I feel, I share and approve...” “No, you don’t understand!” And Rostov got up and went to wander between the fires, dreaming about what happiness it would be to die without saving a life (he did not dare to dream about this), but simply to die in the eyes of the sovereign. He really was in love with the Tsar, and with the glory of Russian weapons, and with the hope of future triumph. And he was not the only one who experienced this feeling in those memorable days preceding the Battle of Austerlitz: nine-tenths of the people of the Russian army at that time were in love, although less enthusiastically, with their Tsar and with the glory of Russian weapons. The next day the sovereign stopped in Wischau. Life physician Villiers was called to him several times. News spread in the main apartment and among the nearby troops that the sovereign was unwell. He did not eat anything and slept poorly that night, as those close to him said. The reason for this ill health was the strong impression made on the sensitive soul of the sovereign by the sight of the wounded and killed. At dawn on the 17th, a French officer was escorted from the outposts to Wischau, who had arrived under a parliamentary flag, demanding a meeting with the Russian emperor. This officer was Savary. The Emperor had just fallen asleep, and therefore Savary had to wait. At noon he was admitted to the sovereign and an hour later he went with Prince Dolgorukov to the outposts of the French army. As was heard, the purpose of sending Savary was to offer a meeting between Emperor Alexander and Napoleon. A personal meeting, to the joy and pride of the entire army, was denied, and instead of the sovereign, Prince Dolgorukov, the winner at Wischau, was sent along with Savary to negotiate with Napoleon, if these negotiations, contrary to expectations, were aimed at a real desire for peace. In the evening Dolgorukov returned, went straight to the sovereign and spent a long time alone with him. On November 18 and 19, the troops made two more marches forward, and the enemy outposts retreated after short skirmishes. In the highest spheres of the army, from midday on the 19th, a strong, fussily excited movement began, which continued until the morning of the next day, November 20, on which the so memorable Battle of Austerlitz was fought. Until noon on the 19th, movement, lively conversations, running around, sending adjutants were limited to one main apartment of the emperors; in the afternoon of the same day, the movement was transmitted to Kutuzov’s main apartment and to the headquarters of the column commanders. In the evening, this movement spread through the adjutants to all ends and parts of the army, and on the night of the 19th to the 20th, the 80 thousandth mass of the allied army rose from their sleeping quarters, hummed with conversation and swayed and began to move in a huge nine-verst canvas. The concentrated movement that began in the morning in the main apartment of the emperors and gave impetus to all further movement was similar to the first movement of the middle wheel of a large tower clock. One wheel moved slowly, another turned, a third, and the wheels, blocks, and gears began to spin faster and faster, chimes began to play, figures jumped out, and the arrows began to move regularly, showing the result of the movement. As in the mechanism of a watch, so in the mechanism of military affairs, the once given movement is just as irresistible until the last result, and just as indifferently motionless, the moment before the transfer of movement, are the parts of the mechanism that have not yet been reached. The wheels whistle on the axles, clinging with teeth, the rotating blocks hiss from the speed, and the neighboring wheel is just as calm and motionless, as if it is ready to stand for hundreds of years with this motionlessness; but the moment came - he hooked the lever, and, submitting to the movement, the wheel crackled, turning and merged into one action, the result and purpose of which was incomprehensible to him. Just as in a clock the result of the complex movement of countless different wheels and blocks is only the slow and steady movement of the hand indicating the time, so the result of all the complex human movements of these 1000 Russians and French - all the passions, desires, remorse, humiliation, suffering, impulses of pride, fear , the delight of these people - there was only the loss of the Battle of Austerlitz, the so-called battle of the three emperors, that is, the slow movement of the world historical hand on the dial of human history. Prince Andrei was on duty that day and constantly with the commander-in-chief. At 6 o'clock in the evening, Kutuzov arrived at the main apartment of the emperors and, after staying with the sovereign for a short time, went to see Chief Marshal Count Tolstoy. Bolkonsky took advantage of this time to go to Dolgorukov to find out about the details of the case. Prince Andrei felt that Kutuzov was upset and dissatisfied with something, and that they were dissatisfied with him in the main apartment, and that all the persons in the imperial main apartment had the tone of people with him who knew something that others did not know; and that’s why he wanted to talk to Dolgorukov. “Well, hello, mon cher,” said Dolgorukov, who was sitting with Bilibin over tea. - Holiday for tomorrow. What's your old man? out of sorts? “I won’t say that he was out of sorts, but he seemed to want to be listened to.” - Yes, they listened to him at the military council and will listen to him when he speaks his mind; but it is impossible to hesitate and wait for something now, when Bonaparte fears more than anything else a general battle. -Have you seen him? - said Prince Andrei. - Well, what about Bonaparte? What impression did he make on you? “Yes, I saw it and was convinced that he was afraid of a general battle more than anything else in the world,” Dolgorukov repeated, apparently valuing this general conclusion he had drawn from his meeting with Napoleon. – If he were not afraid of battle, why would he demand this meeting, negotiate and, most importantly, retreat, while retreat is so contrary to his entire method of waging war? Believe me: he is afraid, afraid of a general battle, his time has come. This is what I'm telling you. - But tell me how he is, what? – Prince Andrey asked again. “He is a man in a gray frock coat, who really wanted me to say “Your Majesty” to him, but, to his chagrin, he did not receive any title from me. This is the kind of person he is, and nothing more,” answered Dolgorukov, looking back at Bilibin with a smile. “Despite my complete respect for old Kutuzov,” he continued, “we would all be good if we waited for something and thereby gave him a chance to leave or deceive us, whereas now he is surely in our hands.” No, we must not forget Suvorov and his rules: do not put yourself in the position of being attacked, but attack yourself. Believe me, in war, the energy of young people often shows the path more accurately than all the experience of the old cunctators. – But in what position do we attack him? “I was at the outposts today, and it is impossible to decide where exactly he is standing with the main forces,” said Prince Andrei. He wanted to express to Dolgorukov his plan of attack that he had drawn up. “Oh, it doesn’t matter at all,” Dolgorukov quickly spoke, standing up and revealing the card on the table. - All cases are foreseen: if he stands at Brunn... And Prince Dolgorukov quickly and clearly explained the plan for Weyrother’s flank movement. Prince Andrei began to object and prove his plan, which could be equally good with Weyrother’s plan, but had the drawback that Weyrother’s plan had already been approved. As soon as Prince Andrei began to prove the disadvantages of him and the benefits of his own, Prince Dolgorukov stopped listening to him and absentmindedly looked not at the map, but at the face of Prince Andrei. “However, Kutuzov will have a military council today: you can express all this there,” said Dolgorukov. “That’s what I’ll do,” said Prince Andrei, moving away from the map. - And what are you worried about, gentlemen? - said Bilibin, who had been listening to their conversation with a cheerful smile and now, apparently, was about to make a joke. – Whether there is victory or defeat tomorrow, the glory of Russian weapons is insured. Apart from your Kutuzov, there is not a single Russian commander of the columns. Chiefs: Herr general Wimpfen, le comte de Langeron, le prince de Lichtenstein, le prince de Hohenloe et enfin Prsch... prsch... et ainsi de suite, comme tous les noms polonais. [Wimpfen, Count Langeron, Prince Liechtenstein, Hohenlohe and also Prishprshiprsh, like all Polish names.] - Taisez vous, mauvaise langue, [Hold your evil tongue.] - said Dolgorukov. – It’s not true, now there are already two Russians: Miloradovich and Dokhturov, and there would be a 3rd, Count Arakcheev, but his nerves are weak. “However, Mikhail Ilarionovich, I think, came out,” said Prince Andrei. “I wish you happiness and success, gentlemen,” he added and left, shaking hands with Dolgorukov and Bibilin. Returning home, Prince Andrei could not resist asking Kutuzov, who was silently sitting next to him, what he thought about tomorrow’s battle? Kutuzov looked sternly at his adjutant and, after a pause, answered: “I think that the battle will be lost, and I told Count Tolstoy so and asked him to convey this to the sovereign.” What do you think he answered me? Eh, mon cher general, je me mele de riz et des et cotelettes, melez vous des affaires de la guerre. [And, dear general! I’m busy with rice and cutlets, and you are busy with military affairs.] Yes... That’s what they answered me! At 10 o'clock in the evening, Weyrother with his plans moved to Kutuzov's apartment, where a military council was appointed. All the commanders of the columns were requested to see the commander-in-chief, and, with the exception of Prince Bagration, who refused to come, everyone appeared at the appointed hour. Weyrother, who was the overall manager of the proposed battle, presented with his liveliness and haste a sharp contrast with the dissatisfied and sleepy Kutuzov, who reluctantly played the role of chairman and leader of the military council. Weyrother obviously felt himself at the head of a movement that had become unstoppable. He was like a harnessed horse running away downhill with its cart. Whether he was driving or being driven, he did not know; but he rushed as fast as possible, no longer having time to discuss what this movement would lead to. Weyrother that evening was twice for personal inspection in the enemy’s chain and twice with the sovereigns, Russian and Austrian, for a report and explanations, and in his office, where he dictated the German disposition. He, exhausted, now came to Kutuzov. He, apparently, was so busy that he forgot to even be respectful to the commander-in-chief: he interrupted him, spoke quickly, unclearly, without looking into the face of his interlocutor, without answering the questions asked of him, was stained with dirt and looked pitiful, exhausted, confused and at the same time arrogant and proud. Kutuzov occupied a small noble castle near Ostralitsy. In the large living room, which became the office of the commander-in-chief, gathered: Kutuzov himself, Weyrother and members of the military council. They were drinking tea. They were only waiting for Prince Bagration to begin the military council. At 8 o'clock Bagration's orderly arrived with the news that the prince could not be there. Prince Andrei came to report this to the commander-in-chief and, taking advantage of the permission previously given to him by Kutuzov to be present at the council, remained in the room. “Since Prince Bagration will not be there, we can begin,” said Weyrother, hastily getting up from his place and approaching the table on which a huge map of the surrounding area of ​​Brünn was laid out. Kutuzov, in an unbuttoned uniform, from which, as if freed, his fat neck floated out onto the collar, sat in a Voltaire chair, placing his plump old hands symmetrically on the armrests, and was almost asleep. At the sound of Weyrother's voice, he forced his only eye open. “Yes, yes, please, otherwise it’s too late,” he said and, nodding his head, lowered it and closed his eyes again. If at first the members of the council thought that Kutuzov was pretending to be asleep, then the sounds that he made with his nose during the subsequent reading proved that at that moment for the commander-in-chief it was about much more important than the desire to show his contempt for the disposition or for anything else. be that as it may: for him it was about the irrepressible satisfaction of a human need - sleep. He was really asleep. Weyrother, with the movement of a man too busy to waste even one minute of time, looked at Kutuzov and, making sure that he was sleeping, took the paper and in a loud, monotonous tone began to read the disposition of the future battle under the title, which he also read:

Does the city have a future?

In 2015, in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, work began on the reconstruction of the city of Tyrnyauz and regional roads that lead to Elbrus and the city of Nalchik.

The city of Tyrnyauz is considered the face of the Elbrus region, since the Elbrus-Baksan road passes through it, which leads to the foot of the mountain.

For a long time the settlement was desolate, and finally its reconstruction began. Regional authorities allocated money for the restoration and repair of monuments, streets and houses.

At present, the issue with the mining plant and its administrative buildings, which are in a terrible state of disrepair, has not yet been resolved. To demolish them, additional funding is needed, but there is no free money in the budget yet.

A project has been developed for the construction of a mining and metallurgical complex in a populated area. He would revive the dying city of Tyrnyauz in Kabardino-Balkaria and provide jobs for the working population. But the project has not yet been implemented. The city is gradually falling into decay.

What does the future hold for him? What will happen to him in ten years? What will happen to the younger generation? These issues are relevant not only for the city of Tyrnyauz, but also for all small towns in Russia. And there are no answers to them yet.

Notable natives

• Kokov Valery Mukhamedovich (1941-2005) - the first president of Kabardino-Balkaria.
• Konyaev Igor Gregorevich (1963) - Russian theater actor, director, laureate of the State Prize of Russia.
• Akhmatova Lyubov Chepeleuovna (1971) is a famous Balkar poetess, member of the Union of Writers of Russia.
• Zumakulova Tanzilya Mustafaevna (1934) - Balkarian poetess.
• Akkaev Khadzhimurat Magomedovich is a Russian weightlifter, medalist of the Olympic Games in Athens and Beijing.
• Kuramagomedov Zaur Ismatulaevich - Russian Greco-Roman wrestler, two-time champion of Russia, bronze medalist of the World and European Championships, bronze medalist of the 2012 Olympics in London