The world is evolving every minute, it does not stand still. Cities are developing, new multinational countries are emerging, rapid migration processes are taking place, having both a positive and negative impact on demography. In this regard, the native culture of certain peoples takes on other forms, sometimes even being lost itself. And first of all, this happens due to changes in the people themselves, who are the main element of the world. That is why it is important to know the basic characteristics of the world's population, its prospects and problems.
This paper examines the population of a single city in the South of Russia - the resort town of Goryachiy Klyuch. The main characteristics of the city, as well as the influence of neighboring cities on it, are analyzed.
Nowadays, there is an uneven development of the world population. Therefore, it is necessary to study all its components. They can also be individual cities.
In connection with the upcoming Olympics in Sochi in 2014, the role of cities in the South of Russia, and in particular the Krasnodar Territory, has sharply increased. And the role of resort cities has increased to a greater extent. A striking representative is the city of Goryachy Klyuch, rich in its healing mineral waters. Therefore, the purpose of this work is a detailed description of the population of Goryachy Klyuch, a study of the main demographic problems, as well as a study of the history of the formation of the national composition of the population. Based on the work done, the following conclusions were obtained: the demographic situation in the city was recreated and analyzed, which is an important indicator of the state of the city as a whole, the causes and directions of migration to the city were identified, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the population was also examined in detail, based on which we can speak about the multinationality of Goryachy Klyuch.
To write this work, encyclopedic and electronic literature was used. The work used methods of detailed population research, as well as the construction of special diagrams.
General information and history
Goryachy Klyuch is a resort in the Krasnodar region. Located in the foothills of the Caucasus range. Near Adygea, Krasnodar (60 km), the Black Sea city of Dzhubga (65 km). The distance to the capital is one and a half thousand km. And all along the well-maintained M-4 Don highway. There is a railway line through the city, and trains heading to and from Adler stop here.
View of Goryachiy Klyuch
The city began its history with the construction of a military hospital. Special taps with mineral water were installed, and buildings for the infirmary and service personnel were built. The lighting of the mineral springs and the hospital took place on July 15, 1864. And when the priest’s voice echoed into the gorge, a ray of sunshine broke through the rainy sky, covered with gray clouds, illuminating the clearing and the people who were there. Eyewitnesses took this as a sign from above and God's blessing.
July 15 is traditionally considered the city's birthday. The resort got its name thanks to underground springs of mineral water, the temperature of which reaches 62 degrees.
Hot key. Hydropathic clinic. Photo of Anastasia (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/n2309/)
Ecology and climate of Goryachy Klyuch
Goryachy Klyuch is on the list of the cleanest cities in the world. Forests occupy more than 66% of the region's territory. There are no industrial production facilities in the immediate area. The main source of pollution is cars. But cars are prohibited from entering the resort part of the city. The road in front of the park ends with a barrier, where a vigilant security guard filters incoming cars, allowing only special vehicles and food products serving the sanatoriums into the territory.
Winter also happens in Goryachy Klyuch. Photo of Anastasia (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/n2309/)
The climate is relatively mild, so sometimes the stories of the local population about cold winters seem exaggerated, especially for people who came, for example, from the Urals.
Hot summer! In July-August it is truly scorching here, outside it is about 35-45 degrees in the shade. If you are not constantly in the sun, then this heat can be tolerated quite easily. By the end of October, autumn begins. The leaves are turning yellow, the days are warm and sunny, much like Indian summer in the middle zone. Spring starts early. Already in February, the daytime temperature remains consistently above zero.
Psekups River and local landmark - Cockerel Rock
Drinking gallery
Well, how can one not mention the famous drinking gallery, which is located on the territory of the sanatorium complex. This unique place has three springs, the water from which differs significantly not only in chemical composition, but also in temperature. Water from sources numbered 104, 58 and 21 can be safely used for internal use. The temperature of the life-giving fluid in them ranges from 38 to 45 degrees.
Water from sources numbered 104 and 58 refers to low-thermal waters. Most of all, it affects the motor functions of the body, reduces stomach pain, and eliminates heartburn. Recommended application temperature is 40°C. The life-giving liquid from source number 21 contains many salts, so it should be used only after the recommendation of a specialist. It has a positive effect on the entire gastrointestinal tract, enhancing its peristalsis.
Today, all drinking water from sources is consumed only from disposable plastic cups. The famous “resort circles” in the Soviet Union are a thing of the past a long time ago.
We hope our article helped you figure out which attractions of Goryachy Klyuch are worth visiting first. Try to draw up a vacation plan on paper in advance so that you spend as little time as possible moving between attractions - this is what tourists advise after a vacation at the resort. This will also allow you to visit many more interesting places during your vacation. We wish you a great holiday!
Population of Goryachy Klyuch
The indigenous population as of 2022 is about 38,972 city dwellers. The birth rate has decreased over the past ten years, and the mortality rate exceeds it by about 10%. The main population growth is due to migrants. According to official sources, 700-800 people come here every year. According to local residents, this figure is much higher. For example, two years ago it was not difficult to rent a house even during the high season, but now even in winter it is not always possible to quickly find an option.
Panorama of Goryachiy Klyuch. Photo by https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/vkruglyj/
More than 85% of the indigenous population is Russian, mostly coming from Siberia and the Far East: some during Soviet times, and some later. The attitude towards visitors is warm and hospitable. Perhaps migrants are not accepted in other cities, but this does not apply to Goryachiy Klyuch. The Kuban people are like this in everything: unobtrusively, lightly and with humor. Long conversations are not in fashion here. Many people live on private farms, so there is a lot of work to do, everything needs to be done - to get offspring from poultry, to harvest a couple of crops from a small plot and to make preparations for the winter.
Summer in the city. Photo by https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/tat-shapovaliuk/
A culture of communication, sincerity, kindness and empathy are qualities that characterize the majority of residents of Goryachy Klyuch. Human attitude towards people is held in high esteem here. They will always help, give advice, explain the way and even show you around. Kubans are no strangers to the problems of strangers; they care about everyone. Nice!
There are few young people in the city. In search of work, most townspeople leave for Krasnodar, or even Moscow, where they settle, start a family, visiting Goryachy Klyuch to stay only during the holiday period. Middle-aged people and retirees live here permanently. Most of the city's guests have the impression that they come here mostly tired of the urban jungle and frosts of the northern regions.
Rock "Mirror"
Located four kilometers from the resort town, the Mirror rock is one of the most attractive objects to explore. It is unlikely that you will be able to find a tourist route that does not include a visit to this place. This rock, located in the Maltsev Stream valley, consists almost entirely of unusual yellow quartz sandstone, which was formed here several tens of millions of years ago. Even today, on cuts of rock you can see the imprints of prehistoric mollusks that lived in the ancient Tethys Ocean. These rock patterns have a very bizarre shape, strongly reminiscent of the interlacing of lines on a person’s palm. If you look at these patterns for a long time, you can find a meaningful image in them. Local residents claim that this is a prediction of the future and if you strongly believe in it, it will definitely come true. Therefore, most tourists come here with change in order to throw a few coins at the foot of the mountain.
Districts and real estate of Goryachy Klyuch
The city can be divided into several districts. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
“Zarechye” is one of the very first districts of Goryachiy Klyuch. There are still old dilapidated buildings here, interspersed with modern two-story cottages and small country houses. The most unprestigious area of the city, and all because of the distance from the center (half an hour on foot) and the proximity of the railway station with its noise and bustle. The roads are bad, all full of holes and potholes. But there are also advantages.
The biggest plus for many, in particular for dog breeders, is the proximity of the forest and its desolation. It is here, a five-minute walk from home, that you can safely let your pets run around without the risk of meeting an overly impressionable mushroom picker. The steam locomotives and loudspeaker at the station are not particularly disturbing. Former residents of megacities are accustomed to the noise outside their windows, and indigenous residents do not consider the proximity of the station to be a disadvantage of their area. Minibuses run from the station, it takes 5-10 minutes to walk to the stop. The area is gasified, electricity is uninterrupted, a 3G modem provides a stable connection to the Internet, water is from a well in the yard, stove heating - beautiful!
Zarechye district, new bridge over the Psekups river
Prices for land and secondary housing here are the lowest in the city. One hundred square meters of land costs from 90 tr. A hut house (muzanka) with five acres of land and fruit trees will cost about 1.5 million rubles. with bargaining. A two-story brick five-room cottage with a land plot of 6 acres, a bathhouse, a garage and all communications (move in and live) costs 3.5 million.
In the northeast of the city there is an area called "The Fork". Construction is in full swing here, which in a couple of years threatens to result in a modern cottage community with central heating and water supply. Today it’s dirty, uncomfortable and noisy, but what can you do – construction! Gas and sewerage have already been installed, but the roads are only covered with gravel; they promise to lay asphalt when Kamaz trucks stop driving with building materials. There is a forest nearby. It takes 7-8 minutes to get to the center by car, there are minibuses.
"Razvilka" has the most houses for sale. Price per hundred square meters from 150 to 300 tr. Freshly built cottage with a total area of 110 sq. m, with all amenities and a landscaped yard, can be purchased for 4 million.
The area “Chepurkova Gora” does not resemble a mountain at all, it is rather a small hill. Recently, the Gorny sanatorium, owned by the well-known organization ZAO Ochakovo, was built nearby. Apparently, this is why sewerage was installed in the area. There is no gas, but they promise to gasify the area within two to three years. Electricity is supplied steadily. The roads are asphalted, but their condition leaves much to be desired. Heating by stove, water from a well or borehole. The advantage of the area is that even during the spring thaw, it is dry and clean. Elevation though. The center is a 15-20 minute walk away, there are minibuses.
One hundred square meters of land on “Chepurkova Mountain” costs 100-190 rubles. For a one-story brick house (S −140 sq.m.) with European-quality repairs, furniture and household appliances, autonomous water supply and heating, a garage and a gazebo, they are asking 6 million with negotiability. A residential dacha in the same area can be purchased for 990 rubles, and a two-room apartment in a new building for 3.5 million.
"Administration". The center is the center. There are mainly high-rise buildings here - old and new. There are few private houses and land plots, and they are quite expensive. For example, a five-room cottage, which has all the imaginable and inconceivable bells and whistles like a heated floor in the house, a capital basement and a sauna, costs 15 million. Prices for apartments vary greatly: in a new building the price per sq.m. is from 40 thousand rubles, secondary housing cheaper. The center is divided into several microdistricts, which are named depending on the proximity of certain establishments: “Traffic Inspectorate”, “Old Market”, “Hospital” and so on. Heating, water supply and sewerage are central here, the roads are good, and transport runs regularly.
Residential building near the city administration. Photo of Anastasia (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/n2309/)
The “Sanatorium” area, also known as “Resort”, is the most prestigious area of the city. It's quiet, cozy and clean here. The buildings are very diverse. A dilapidated hut may well coexist with a luxurious mansion. There are all communications, many guest houses, mini-hotels and rooms for rent, which are in great demand in the summer. Real estate prices are not just greatly inflated, but, one might say, brutal! One hundred square meters of land here costs around a million; for the same price you can buy land on the seashore. Cottages from 20 million, simpler houses - from 15. The old market is nearby, there is a bus service.
Neighboring villages. Many visitors consider them as an option for permanent residence. Real estate here is much cheaper, the roads are good, regular minibuses run frequently, and it’s quieter, there’s not a large influx of vacationers. Just the thing for permanent residence!
Art. "Saratovskaya" is located 9 km from the city towards Krasnodar. The M-4 highway is a couple of kilometers away. Not very picturesque, but civilized. There is a hospital, shops, a market, schools and three kindergartens. There is a branch of Sberbank, an ATM, and several self-service stores accept plastic cards for payment. The houses are different. Those that are for sale are mostly tour-beams for demolition. The plots are large - from 15 acres and above. The heating is stove, gas is provided. Water on site, stable power supply. Almost all cellular operators receive a signal with confidence. Regular minibuses run frequently.
The village of Bezymyanoye is located south of the city. Forest, river, paved roads. There is a school and kindergarten, shops, and a recently built church. The only negative that disturbs the silence and charm of the area is the nearby Goryachiy Klyuch - Tuapse railway line. The border of the Caucasian Nature Reserve is not far away, so there are many tourists and vacationers in the village in the summer.
The villages of “Pyatigorsky” and “Mirny” are located very close to each other, the boundaries between them are rather conditional. Drive from Goryachiy Klyuch to the villages for about 7 km along the M-4 highway towards the sea. It is very beautiful in here. Mountains, a river and its own special microclimate. There are few shops, there is a school and a kindergarten. Mostly dachas and quiet family houses are located here. The road surface is asphalt in the center, primer closer to the outskirts. There is electricity, gas is in the plans, amenities are on the street.
The average price per hundred square meters of land in the nearest suburb of Goryachiy Klyuch is 60 thousand rubles. In villages located further away it’s cheaper.
When buying or renting real estate, it is better, of course, to contact the owner, although this is not easy to do. Even the advertisements, handwritten and glued to poles and bus stops, contain the intermediary's telephone numbers. And this brotherhood takes decent interest for services. Housing for rent - 100%! It’s better to travel yourself and ask around. Many owners announce the sale of their home with a sign on the gate indicating their phone number.
Climate of the foothills of the Caucasus
Goryachiy Klyuch is located in the northern foothills of the Caucasus Range, in the southern part of the Krasnodar Territory. The climate is temperate continental with warm summers and mild winters, and this explains the diversity of flora and fauna.
The climate has its own characteristics, like the entire Ciscaucasia, due to the struggle of two currents: the wet winds of the Atlantic Ocean and the dry cyclones of the Asian continent.
Winter
In the winter months, the weather at the resort is determined by the removal of low-humidity air from the east, and in the spring - warm, dry air. At the same time, eastern winds reach great strength in the region of Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik, in the north and east of the Krasnodar Territory, and in the Goryachiy Klyuch zone they weaken because the resort city is located in the river valley (Psekups) and is surrounded on three sides by spurs of the Caucasus ridge. Another characteristic feature of atmospheric circulation during the cold period is the fairly frequent removal of warm air masses from the Black and Mediterranean Seas. This usually happens when so-called southern and western cyclones move, causing precipitation and sudden warming. The warm half of the year is characterized mainly by western and eastern transfer of air masses.
Often in summer, such circulation is disrupted by the invasion of western and southern cyclones, causing heavy rainfall with thunderstorms. Local winds also affect the climate. These include mountain-valley and hair dryers.
Foehns are warm, dry winds that blow at high speed from the mountains during the cold season. It is known that with such winds the air temperature rises in December and January from +15 to +25°C. Fen are observed in the foothills, mountains and on the Black Sea coast.
Summer
Summer weather begins in May, when the average daily air temperature begins to exceed + 15°C and lasts until October. Winter is short. The snow cover is unstable, snow falls three or four times and melts quickly. The average annual long-term air temperature is + 10.5°C, the average temperature in the winter months is +0.8°C, in the spring +10.5°C, in the autumn + 14.5°C.
Humidity
The average relative humidity is somewhat high - 70-78 percent. Annual precipitation averages 858-1000 millimeters (less than in Sochi). The greatest amount of precipitation is observed during April-October - 474 millimeters. In the cold period, from November to March, 384 millimeters. The average annual atmospheric air pressure is 1007 hectopascals (or 755 millimeters of mercury). Barometric instability is more pronounced in winter, its amplitude is 27-40 hectopascals (or 20-30 millimeters of mercury). Such fluctuations in atmospheric pressure are associated with the arrival of cyclones and changing air masses.
The height of the city above sea level is insignificant - 65-70 meters.
The climatic features of the resort are: high air humidity, average precipitation, mild warm winters, warm and sometimes hot days, moderately cool nights. There are many windless days a year. The average annual wind speed is 1.5 m/s. This is four times less than in Anapa, and two times less than in Gelendzhik.
The Goryachiy Klyuch resort has created favorable conditions for climatic treatment throughout the year.
The first frosts occur in the second half of November. Spring comes immediately (in March-April).
The mountains surrounding the resort are covered with thickets of oak, birch bark, maple, dogwood, jasmine, hazel, etc. In autumn they take on a fabulous look, glowing with bright, unusually beautiful and varied colors - from fiery red to golden yellow.
Typically, sunbathing begins at the end of March and ends at the beginning of November, and sometimes in mid-December. Air baths can be taken all year round, especially since the average annual wind speed is 1.5 m/s, that is, the speed that is considered the most beneficial.
Hot Key is protected on three sides by mountains, so there are no frequent or strong winds. The only air current is a light breeze blowing along the valley of the Psekups River (the so-called breeze), which brings coolness and mountain freshness.
Individual peaks of the Kotkh ridge rise to 115-125 meters, and the Pshchaf ridge - to 266 meters.
Psekups and climatic conditions of Goryachiy Klyuch
The Psekups River (translated from Adyghe this word means blue water) has a huge influence on climatic conditions. It originates in the mountains, 50 kilometers from the city. In the upper reaches, Psekups is a typical mountain river with a very narrow channel, steep banks and a rapid current. She approaches the resort quietly, going around it in a semicircle. When there is heavy rain in the mountains, Psekups turns into a muddy stream. She carries uprooted trees. The floods end quickly. And the water turns blue, and again Psekups becomes a quiet and shallow river. Coming out of the foothills, the Psekups slows down its flow more and more and near the village of Tlyustenkhabl it flows into the Krasnodar Reservoir.
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City infrastructure
Since Goryachy Klyuch is a resort town, there is everything for proper treatment and relaxation. Six sanatoriums that meet all modern standards. Here you can find swimming pools with mineral water, spas and massage parlors, fitness and gyms, and sanatoriums offer a wide variety of health treatments. The main specialization is diseases of the digestive system and the musculoskeletal system. You can purchase a sanatorium-resort card for a set of procedures, as well as for each service separately, without staying at the sanatorium. Many city residents take advantage of this, combining leisure time with health improvement.
Entrance to the Mountain Park. Photo by Tatyana Tkachenko (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/ttp74/)
The main form of transport in the city is minibuses, but these are not the familiar yellow gazelles, but small, neat buses. Those driving around the city are new and beautiful, but those driving around the area are worse. They go quite often, the waiting time at the stop is often no more than five minutes. There are no conductors; the driver himself accepts the fare, which is 10 rubles around the city. There are many taxis, you can call through the dispatcher, or you can go out to the side of the road, raise your hand, and in a minute or two a brand new foreign car with characteristic checkered patterns will certainly stop next to you. Such pleasure costs from 70 rubles in the city.
Railway station GK. Photo https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/vkruglyj/
The roads, compared to the rest of Russia, are good. The main streets of the city are like glass, without a hitch! On the outskirts the situation is more sad. Right down to the roads covered with gravel and not covered with anything at all. It’s not dirty, not slippery, and you can drive everywhere if you’re careful. You won't find any traffic jams in the city even in summer. Lots of auto shops and auto repair shops. There are several gas stations.
There are plenty of schools and kindergartens, but, like everywhere else, there are queues. The salvation is numerous pensioners who are ready to earn extra money while looking after their children. Among them there are professional teachers with higher education. There is an art school and two sports schools. After graduating from school, you can continue your studies at a branch of Kuban State University, a medical college, a PU or a technical school. Or, as many do, leave their hometown in search of a better life.
Like every self-respecting city, Goryachiy Klyuch has its own newspaper, which, without further ado, was called “Hot Key”. There you can find all the city news and gossip, as well as job advertisements and housing rentals and sales. From time to time the newspaper is accused of copyright infringement. They say that this publication is stealing articles from the Internet. What about the newspaper? The dog barks, the caravan moves on... Two more advertising newspapers distributed free of charge: “Showcase” and “Gorodok”. There, among various advertisements, you can also find information about work.
Prices for utilities are as follows: cold water - 33.6 rubles / cubic meter, hot water - 165 rubles / cubic meter, sewerage - 26.60 rubles / cubic meter. Electricity - 3.23, in the pages 2.26. Gas - 50 rubles/month per person, garbage removal - 44 rubles per person. Wired Internet - 850 rub/month.
The city's housing and communal services do not always work perfectly. Photo by https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/vkruglyj/
Enterprises and work in Goryachy Klyuch
Several large self-service stores (mainly Magnit) and two markets provide city residents with products that are much cheaper than in the middle zone, and also of better quality. In season, vegetables cost pennies. For example, at the end of August, a kilogram of tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers can be bought for 10 rubles. Nuts, fruits, honey are freely available. Southerners only accept fresh, chilled meat. No freezing! Pork from 165 rubles per kg, beef from 180.
There is work, vacancies are constantly posted, although locals complain that there is nowhere to work. Salaries, of course, cannot be compared with larger cities, but you can live. Many residents are employed in sanatoriums, boarding houses and hotels as waiters, administrators and other service personnel.
Tourist base Mezhgorye
Unskilled labor is also in demand at two mineral water bottling plants: Goryacheklyuchevskaya and Aroma-Yug. Salary from 8,000 rubles per month with a schedule of three days.
There is a construction organization “Terem”, which is constantly looking for welders, assemblers, laborers and drivers. The average salary at the enterprise is one of the highest - from 18 tr. per month, with an eight-hour working day and a five-day working week. There is an additional charge for processing. Payments are not delayed. Official employment, “white” salary, social package.
You can also get work from private traders, but there are no guarantees. If we get lucky. We need truck drivers, salesmen, cooks, hairdressers, security guards. Students and schoolchildren have the opportunity to earn pocket money from nearby farms. The work is varied - from planting and weeding plants to harvesting. Payment immediately in cash from 500 rubles for eight hours of work.
There is little demand for skilled labor. All managerial and “grain” positions have been occupied for a long time and tightly. Higher education can be useful only in the field of medicine, veterinary medicine, and pedagogy. These specialists have a chance to get a job. But the income is also small.
Many people go to Krasnodar to work. Salaries there are much higher than in Goryachiy Klyuch, and travel expenses are more than compensated for. The only negative is the endless traffic jams that plague Krasnodar roads.
Visitors often do not try to look for work, but immediately open their own business, which brings in a small but stable income. This is what they live by. Mini-bakeries, boutiques, beauty salons, and small farms are in the hands of private entrepreneurs.
Crime
The criminal situation in the city, as in all of Russia, is not great. In 2011, 6 murders were recorded, and in 2012 - already 11. In mid-December 2012, a taxi driver from Adygea was killed. I brought the client to Goryachiy Klyuch, contacted the dispatcher, said that he had problems and never got in touch again. A body with stab wounds was found in the city, not far from a burnt car.
In the summer, what most shocked the public was the murder committed by a 17-year-old young man who found out from a friend that no one would be home at night and broke into the apartment for the purpose of robbery. Unexpectedly, the criminal's friend returned home with his mother and found the thief. He was not taken aback and hit the hostess on the head with a frying pan several times, the woman died. The police were called by the son, who managed to rush out of the house. The criminal was detained; it turned out that the thief, suffering from kleptomania, had already been brought to justice in connection with thefts.
There are few visiting guest performers in the city. This contingent prefers to operate on the coast, where there are more vacationers with money. And what should they do in a quiet provincial town?
Domestic quarrels that lead to crimes, drunken fights, theft - it’s all there. Officials are caught taking bribes. Drug couriers are caught from time to time. Local businessmen steal timber and sell it for firewood - this product is in demand here.
Despite the disappointing statistics, the crime situation in the city is not too worrying. It is rare to see a drunk in the city during the day. Young people are reasonable and do not abuse alcohol or drugs. There is reliable security in nightclubs and restaurants, and you can go home by taxi. If you follow basic safety rules - don't wave a thick wad of bills in front of everyone, don't get drunk and don't wander the streets at night alone - you'll most likely avoid the risk of being robbed or beaten.
Bald Mountain
One of the most noticeable mountains in the vicinity of the resort is Bald Mountain. This peak is located near Anapa and the village of Varvarovka. The total height is 423 meters above sea level. The surface of the mountain is very densely overgrown with vegetation, which gives a special flavor to the resort town.
At the top of the mountain you can find a monument to the warrior-defenders who defended these places during the Great Patriotic War. Very fierce battles were fought here for Bald Mountain and the Wolf Gate, as a result of which Soviet soldiers demonstrated all the fortitude and colossal will to win against outnumbered opponents. The defense of the 423-meter height was held by the 30th Irkutsk Division, in whose honor this monument was erected.
