Detailed map of the Astrakhan region - with cities and towns

The Astrakhan region is one of the southern regions of Russia. If you look at a map of the Astrakhan region from a satellite, its borders are easily determined. The territory of this region occupies about 49 thousand km2 and borders the world's largest lake - the Caspian Sea. The region is located between Kazakhstan, Kalmykia and the Volgograd region.

The main bodies of water in the region are the Caspian Sea and the Volga River. In addition to large bodies of water, there are about 900 salt and freshwater lakes in the region. The diverse flora and fauna made it possible to create 35 natural monuments and 5 national reserves in the region.

Geographically, the Astrakhan region includes 11 districts. The administrative center is the city of Astrakhan. More than 1 million people live in the Astrakhan region, almost 2/3 of the population are urban residents and only 1/3 live in villages and villages. To view the map of the Astrakhan region in the form of a diagram, you can use the mode switch in the upper right corner.

Government departments

System of government bodies power is determined by the Charter of the joint stock company. (1997). State power is exercised by the State. Duma of the A. O., governor, regional administration, other state bodies. authorities formed in accordance with the Charter of the region. State Duma A. o. - the highest legislator. (representative) government body. regional authorities. Consists of 29 deputies elected for a period of 5 years. The regional administration is the highest executive. state body authorities. The administration is formed and headed by the governor of the autonomous region, vested with powers by the regional Duma on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation.

Nature

Territory of A. o. flat, located within the Caspian lowland. 3 /4 A. o. lies below the level of the World Ocean (altitude from –2.7 m in the north to –27 m in the south - the lowest place in Europe). The relief includes salt-dome uplifts (Mount Bolshoye Bogdo, 149 m, the highest point of the region) and the so-called. Baer mounds, which are sandy-clayey parallel sublatitudinal ridges (length up to 25 km, height 10–45 m), separated by regular intervals (width about 1 km); oval hills in the Volga delta. In the east are the sands of Batpaisagyr. In some places there are salt marshes and sand dunes. On the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain there are riverbed ridges and high sandy ridges. There are known oil and gas fields - the Astrakhan gas condensate field, salts (main sample in Lake Baskunchak).

Volga in the lower reaches. Photo by A. I. Nagaev

Climate of A. o. (despite its proximity to the sea) sharply continental, with frosty, windy winters and hot, dry summers, with a large range of annual and daily temperatures. Wed. January temperatures from –10 °C in the north to –6 °C in the south, July approx. 25°C. Precipitation approx. 200 mm per year. In spring and summer there are dry winds. The duration of the growing season is more than 200 days.

The main river, the Volga (with Akhtuba), does not accept the territory of the Autonomous Oblast. not a single influx, but loses a lot of water to evaporation. In the lower reaches of the Volga, the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain stands out with many channels, floodplain lakes and oxbow lakes, forming a fertile, annually flooded strip of land (over 250 km long). In the Volga delta, St. 800 branches (the largest are Bakhtemir, Bolda, Buzan, etc.) and channels. There are many salt lakes, the largest is Baskunchak. The brine and mud of lakes Solenoye and Tinaki are used for medicinal purposes. Freshwater lakes (ilmeni) in the floodplain and delta of the Volga serve as spawning grounds for fish.

Most of the region is located in the semi-desert zone, except for the south. part belonging to the desert zone. Grows in rarefied conditions. The cover is dominated by cereals, wormwood, and solyanka, growing on light chestnut solonetzic and brown soils. In the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and in the Volga delta there are meadows on alluvial soils. Significant areas are occupied by floodplain forests and reed thickets along the banks of numerous rivers. ducts and ilmens. In the semi-desert, the most common animals are saiga, rodents (gophers, jerboas, gerbils, etc.), wild boar, and eagles. The Volga delta is characterized by white herons and pelicans; Migratory waterfowl are numerous in spring and autumn. In the Volga - approx. 50 species of fish, among them approx. 30 commercial (including sturgeon). To preserve the unique flora and fauna of the Volga delta, the Astrakhan Nature Reserve (one of the first Russian nature reserves) was created.

Natural conditions for the population's life are moderately and unfavorable. Ecological The situation is contrasting, especially acute in the region of the Astrakhan gas complex. Around Astrakhan there is a stable zone of general contamination of the territory with an area of ​​​​approx. 900 km2. The amount of emissions into the atmosphere was (2003) 119 thousand tons. Ecological. problems are also associated with an increase in the level of the Caspian sea, transboundary pollution of the rivers of the Volga basin, etc.

General information

According to the 2010 census, the population of the Astrakhan region was 1,010,700 people. The urban population is 674,000 people, and the rural population is 336,700 people. The gender composition of the region is as follows: 53% are women, 47% are men. There are 1,130 women per 1,000 men. The average population density of the region is 19 people per 1 sq. km. The most densely populated territory of the Astrakhan region is the Volga region (47 people per 1 sq. km); increased population density in the Ikryaninsky district (25 people per 1 sq. km) along the main road in the Volga delta. The Enotaevsky, Chernoyarsky and Akhtubinsky districts are the most sparsely populated. The region's population is relatively young (this is due to its national composition and large migration influx); only 19% of the population is over working age. The migration inflow into the region is positive (3% in 2005). People in search of stability in the economy, social and political life move to the Astrakhan region mainly from Central Asia and Transcaucasia.

Ratio of men and women (Rosstat data)

Population

B. h. population of A. o. are Russians (70%, 2002 census), Kazakhs (14.2%) and Tatars (7%, including Astrakhan Tatars 0.2%). Other groups include Ukrainians (1.3%), Chechens (1%), Azerbaijanis (0.8%), Kalmyks (0.7%), Armenians (0.6%), Nogais (0.5%), Avars (0.4%), Lezgins (0.4%), Dargins (0.4%). Since 1997 it has been characterized by natural population decline: mortality (15 per 1000 inhabitants, 2004) exceeds the birth rate (12.4 per 1000 inhabitants); infant mortality rate 12.6 per 1000 live births (2003). The share of women is 53%. The share of the population under working age (up to 16 years) is 19.1%, over working age 18.5%. In 2003, life expectancy was 65.4 years (men - 59.2, women - 72.2). Since the 1990s The region was characterized by a steady migration influx of population, mainly from former countries USSR, which practically ceased in 2003 (migration growth rate -1 per 10 thousand inhabitants). Wed. density of us. 22.6 people/km2. The Volga delta is the most densely populated. Gor. us. 67.0% (2005; 68.0% in 1989, 52% in 1959). St. 1/2 of us. region and approx. 3/4 of the townspeople live in Astrakhan (501.3 thousand people, 2005). Dr. significant cities (2005, thousand people): Akhtubinsk (44.2), Znamensk (32.1).

Urban settlements

• Liman

Population 8,266 (2020).

• Verkhniy Baskunchak

Population 7,493 (2020).

• Red Barricades

Population 6,397 (2020).

• Ilyinka

Population 5,076 people (2020).

• Nizhny Baskunchak

Population 2,401 (2020).

• Volga-Caspian

Population 2,242 (2020).

• Kirovsky

Population 2064 people (2020).

Historical sketch

The most ancient monuments on the territory of A. o. are represented by Mesolithic and Neolithic sites belonging to the Seroglazov culture. During the Eneolithic - Early Bronze Age, a productive economy (mainly sheep farming) spread throughout the region, apparently brought by the population who moved from the East. Caspian region. Monuments of A. o. of this time belong to the Yamnaya culture (probably included in the zone of its formation). The Bronze Age is represented here by the Catacomb culture and the Srubnaya culture. By the early Iron Age in A. o. nomadic cattle breeding spread. The oldest people known by name on the territory of A. o. – Sauromatians (mid 1st millennium BC). In the last centuries of the 1st millennium BC. e. and in the 1st half. 1st millennium AD e. territory of A. o. was controlled by Sarmatian groups, including the Aorsi. One of the routes of the Great Silk Road passed along it. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples through A. o. Turkic-speaking nomads - Huns, Avars, Turks, Khazars, etc. - migrated from Asia to Europe.

In the early Middle Ages, on the territory of A. o. The Volga Route, which connected the Center, also began to play an important role. Asia from the East Europe. In the 7th–10th centuries. the region was part of the Khazar Kaganate; its capital, Itil, was located in the lower reaches of the Volga (judging by written sources, a huge city, traces of which have not been found). Monuments of the Khazar era are represented by burial mounds of the Sokolovo type. Finds from this period are known at the Samosdelka settlement, the most expressive layers of which date back to the 10th–12th centuries. (probably the Polovtsian city of Saksin) and to the Golden Horde time. In the end 10 – start 13th centuries The decisive role in the region was played by nomads - the Pechenegs and Cumans. From ser. 13th century the lower reaches of the Volga became the center of the Golden Horde, the cities of Sarai, Khadzhi-Tarkhan (Astrakhan), and others arose here. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, the Great Horde existed on the right bank of the lower Volga, then the Astrakhan Khanate, and on the left bank - the Nogai Horde. The Astrakhan campaigns led to the inclusion of the Astrakhan Khanate into the Rus. state, from the 2nd half. 16th century vassal dependence on Russian. The king was also recognized by the biys of the Nogai Horde. At 17 – beginning. 18th centuries the region was one of the centers of the Razin uprising of 1670–1671 and the center of the Astrakhan uprising of 1705–06.

The territory of modern A. o. was part of the Kazan province (1708–17), the Astrakhan province (1717–85 and 1796–1928), the Caucasian governorship (1785–96; divided into Autonomous Oblast and the Caucasus region), the Lower Volga region. (1928), Lower Volga region (1928–1934), Stalingrad region (1934–1936), Stalingrad region. (1936–43). 12/27/1943 from the Stalingrad region. An independent Astrakhan region was created; in 1943–57 it included a number of modern districts. Kalmykia.

see also

• Astrakhan region
• Symbols and landmarks of the Astrakhan region
• Cities of Russia

Farm

A. o. is part of the Volga Economics. the district is an industrial region; industrial volume The cost of products is 5.8 times higher than the volume of agricultural production. products. In the country's economy, A. o. stands out for the production of gas (1.9% of the Russian Federation in 2003), gas condensate (29%), table salt (52%), sulfur production (60%), metal-cutting machines (4.6%) and floating drilling rigs for great sea depths; production of wool (4.5%), vegetables (1.7%), catch of fish and seafood (approx. 0.5%). On the territory of A. o. The Kapustin Yar test site (Znamensk), Caspian military are located. flotilla (relocated to Astrakhan from Baku in 1992). In the structure of GRP (%, 2002) the share of industry is 25.5, construction – 13.8, trade and commercial. activities for the sale of goods and services – 9.6, transport – 9.1, p. farms – 5.5, communications – 1.6. The ratio of enterprises by type of ownership (by number of organizations;%, 2003): private - 71.5, state. and municipal – 14.8, societies. and religious organizations (associations) – 7.4, other forms of ownership – 6.4.

Economically active us. 521 thousand people, 84% are employed in the economy. Sectoral structure of employment (%): p. farming 15.3, industry 14.9, trade and society. food 13.9, education 10.2, healthcare 8.9, transport 8.1, construction 8.0, housing and communal services 5.8, etc. The unemployment rate is 10.1%. Cash income per capita is 4.5 thousand rubles. per month (72% of the average for the Russian Federation, 2004); OK. 23% of us. has income below the subsistence level.

Industry. Industrial volume products in 2004 amounted to 30,465 million rubles. Industry structure of industry production (%, 2003): fuel industry 58.9, mechanical engineering and metalworking 13.3, electric power 10.8, food industry 9.2, construction industry. materials 3.0, chemical and petrochemical 2.1.

Electric power industry is presented in Chap. arr. enterprise "Astrakhanenergo" (share in electricity generation 85–90%). The energy system companies provide approx. 90% of the region's total electricity demand.

"Astrakhan Gas Complex". Installation of equipment. RIA News"

Extraction of gas (Astrakhan gas condensate field, etc.), oil (fields of the Promyslovsky district), table salt (Lake Baskunchak), gypsum, brick and expanded clay, glass and construction. sands, low-mineralized medicinal table waters. The largest enterprises in the fuel industry are Astrakhangazprom and Lukoil-Astrakhanmorneft. The Astrakhan Gas Complex operates on the basis of the Astrakhan gas condensate field and produces sulfur. The second important branch of specialization of the region's industry is mechanical engineering, which is represented by Ch. arr. shipbuilding (for the oil and gas and fishing industries) and ship repair. They produce dry-cargo, oil tankers (deadweight up to 6 thousand tons), auxiliary, pipe-laying, passenger, fishing vessels, floating drilling rigs of the “Caspian” and “Shelf” types, etc. The largest enterprises are the ship repair and shipbuilding plant named after. III International (Astrakhan), shipyards: named after. Lenin (Astrakhan), “Astrakhan Shipbuilder”, “Astrakhan Shipyard”, “Red Barricades” (Krasnye Barrikady village, Ikryaninsky district). The production of metal-cutting machines has also been developed (Astrakhan Machine Tool Plant), agricultural production. equipment, forging and pressing equipment (Astrakhan Machine-Building Plant); The Astrakhan Refrigeration Equipment Plant operates, etc. In the food industry, fishing and fish processing is the leader (it accounts for up to 35% of the industry's production volume). Fish resources are represented by valuable species of sturgeon (sturgeon, beluga, sterlet) and small fish; artificial breeding of sturgeon fish is carried out. Leading companies in the extraction and processing of fish are the Sea Fishing Base, Astrakhan Fish Factory, Russian Caviar (Astrakhan). The salt industry is represented by the Bassol enterprise (village Nizhny Baskunchak, Akhtubinsky district). Flour-grinding, butter-cheese-making and dairy, meat-processing, and fruit-and-vegetable sub-sectors are also developed; Astrakhan distillery and distillery operate. Builds industrial enterprises. materials (Mineral-Knauf in Akhtubinsky district), glass (Astrakhansteklo), pulp and paper (Astrakhanbumprom), chemical. and petrochemical (“Astrakhan fiberglass”, “Astrakhim”, etc.), pharmaceutical, printing. and other industries (Table 1). Basic industrial volume products are produced in the Krasnoyarsk region (up to 60% of the A. region), Astrakhan (approx. 30%), Akhtubinsky and Ikryaninsky districts.

"Astrakhan Fish Processing Plant" Weighing fish before cutting. RIA News"

Exports are dominated by oil and oil products, ships, equipment for offshore oil production, fish and fish products; in imports - equipment and machinery, ferrous metal products, etc.

Agriculture. Cost of gross output c. farms A. o. amounted to 5209.3 million rubles. in 2004. In value terms, livestock products predominate (52%). Agricultural area land 22.7 thousand km2 (2003; approx. 1.2% of the area of ​​the Russian Federation), of which 77% is pasture, 10.6% is arable land.

A. o. - one of the largest regions in the Russian Federation for the commercial production of vegetables, melons and rice (Table 2), the development of which is facilitated by unique agroclimatic conditions. resources of the Volga delta and the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain (fertile alluvial soils, hot climate, abundance of water) and irrigated agriculture. The region is a major producer of vegetables in the Russian Federation. In the volume of vegetable crop production, more than 90% is made up of tomatoes (about 1/4 of the Russian harvest). Cucumbers, cabbage, eggplants, peppers, carrots, onions, etc. are also grown. Astrakhan watermelons with a high sugar content are widely known. From the end 1990s They cultivate cotton, tobacco, and mustard.

Livestock farming is represented by meat and wool sheep breeding, meat and dairy cattle breeding; Semi-desert areas are used for pastures. A. o. occupies a leading position in the Russian Federation in terms of sheep population and wool production (Tables 3, 4). Poultry farming, herd horse breeding, and camel breeding are developed.

Most of the agricultural land (approx. 71% in 2003) refers to agricultural lands. organizations where approx. 83% grains, 20% vegetables; in peasant (farm) households - approx. 18% grains, 26.1% vegetables. 54% of vegetables are produced on household farms, approx. 80% potatoes, 81% milk, 76.3% livestock and poultry for slaughter.

Table 1. Production of the most important types of industrial products

Table 2. Production of main agricultural crops, thousand tons

* 2004.
Table 3. Livestock, thousand heads

* 2003.
Table 4. Livestock products

Port. Astrakhan. Photo by P. S. Pavlinov

Transport. Transport axis A. O. - R. Volga. Ch. river ports - Astrakhan, Akhtubinsk. The total length of navigable river routes is 1412 km. In 1998, the sea trade port of Olya was opened (in the Limansky district, 100 km from Astrakhan), specializing in the export and import of dry cargo from Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran. The length of the railways is 555 km (2003). Ch. railway highway Astrakhan - Volgograd - Saratov - Ryazan - Moscow - St. Petersburg. The length of paved roads is 2.68 thousand km (2003). Highways Astrakhan - Moscow, Astrakhan - Elista, Astrakhan - Makhachkala, Astrakhan - Krasny Yar - Atyrau. Intl. airport in Astrakhan. The main oil pipeline Tengiz – Atyrau – Astrakhan – Novorossiysk runs through the region.

Districts of the Astrakhan region on the map

Of the 11 districts of the Astrakhan region, only 4 have district centers in cities:

• Akhtyubinsk;
• Kamyzyak;
• Narimanov;
• Kharabali.

You can see the territorial division of the region on the map of the Astrakhan region by district.

1. The Kharabalinsky district is located in a semi-desert zone. In the 13th-14th centuries. The city of Sarai-Batu, the capital of the Tatar-Mongol Khanate, was located on the territory of the region. In the Soviet Union, the Kharabalinsky district had no administrative significance; it was abolished and assigned to the Lower Volga Territory. Today the district consists of 1 city and 9 villages.
2. The Akhtyubinsky district on the map of the Astrakhan region is located in the northeast and stretches along the left bank of the Volga. The administrative center of the district is the city of Akhtyubinsk, which includes 15 municipalities. The region is inhabited by more than 70 thousand people, most of whom are employed in the agricultural sector.
3. The Kamyzyak region is located in the Caspian lowland and is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea on the southern side. This is one of 3 large industrial areas, the scale of which in relation to other territories can be assessed on the map of the Astrakhan region with villages. There are 35 industrial and 14 agricultural enterprises operating in the district. Fishing and tourism are well developed in the area. The administrative center is the city of Kamyzyak, inhabited by more than 40 thousand people.
4. Narimanovsky district occupies the southwestern part of the Astrakhan region. The main industrial enterprise in the area is shipbuilding. The region is inhabited in almost equal numbers by Russians, Tatars and Kazakhs.

The road map of the Astrakhan region shows all possible routes of communication between the regions of the region. Also, the international highway E40 and the federal highways M6 and M8 pass through the region's districts. For tourists who travel to the shores of the Caspian Sea by car, such a detailed map of the Astrakhan region will be an indispensable assistant on the way.

Education. Cultural institutions

In A. o. There are 305 preschool institutions, 382 general education institutions, 31 primary and 42 secondary vocational institutions. educational institutions, 79 additional institutions. children's education (2005). There are 41 universities (including branches and representative offices), including 13 state ones: Med. Academy (since 1918), Technical. University (founded in 1930 as the Astrakhan Institute of Fishing Industry and Fisheries, since 1994 its current name), Ped. University (since 1932), Conservatory (1969), etc. 301 libraries. Museums: in Astrakhan - Astrakhan United Historical and Architectural Committee. museum-reserve (founded in 1837), Art Gallery named after. B. M. Kustodiev (1918), Museum of Military Glory (1975), house-museums of B. M. Kustodiev, V. Khlebnikov, S. M. Kirov, Museum of Culture of Astrakhan (in 1978–2001 Literary Museum of N. G. Chernyshevsky ). Also historical and local history museums in Black Yar, Krasny Yar, the village of Liman; in the village Altynzhar – Museum with a mausoleum (1996) of Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev.

Architecture and fine arts

Astrakhan Kremlin. Archive of the "Orthodox Encyclopedia"

To the oldest architects. monuments on the territory of A. o. include: the ensemble of the Astrakhan Kremlin (late 16th–18th centuries), the Demidovsky courtyard (17th–18th centuries) in Astrakhan, Petropavlovskaya Ts. in Black Yar (late 17th – early 18th centuries) with a cast-iron floor and paintings. Fragments of the Enotaevskaya fortress have been preserved - an example of regular fortress construction of the 18th century. The Vysokogorskaya Assumption-Nikolaevskaya Churkinsky hermitage is being restored (founded in the 17th century; cell buildings and other buildings were built in the 19th – early 20th centuries). In memory of the Kalmyks - participants of the Fatherland. During the war of 1812, a Buddhist stone Khosheutov temple-khurul was built (now in the village of Rechnoye; 1814–1817, according to the design of Batur-Ubashi Tyumen, consultant monk Gavan Tshombe), the composition of which was based on the plan of St. Petersburg. Kazan Cathedral. Buildings in the style of classicism: ensemble center. Black Yar Square with a cathedral completed by a rotunda (1830s), Trinity Cathedral in Enotaevka (1832–36, architect I. I. Charlemagne), Guardhouse in Astrakhan (1807), etc. The Churches of the Intercession were built in the neo-Russian style in With. Knocked in the village. Salty Zaimishche (1906), Uspenskaya Ts. in the village Kopanovka, c. Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Nikolskoye (1912). During the construction of trees. Churches traditionally used the “octagonal on quadrangular” type (church in the village of Vladimirovka, 2nd half of the 19th century, etc.). The complex of trees was built in Art Nouveau style. buildings of the Tinaki resort (1910s), also the Azov-Don Bank in Astrakhan (1910, architect F.I. Lidval). Contemporary professional art A. o. represented by painting (S. G. Dyakov, Yu. A. Lebedev, F. N. Milokhin, M. A. and S. A. Prikazchikovs, K. K. Safargaleev, K. A. Titov, A. N. Turkin) and graphics (N.K. Rudikov, A.M. Shaposhnikov).

Music

In music culture of A. o. the oral traditions of Russians (including Cossacks), Kalmyks, and Tatars are united. The first records of Russian folklore was carried out by M. A. Balakirev. Among the folklorists are M. L. Trituz, M. N. Nigmedzyanov, A. S. Yareshko, K. V. Guzenko, E. M. Shishkina, M. G. Khrushcheva, A. R. Usmanova. Among Prof. composers - A. I. Blinov, Yu. P. Gontsov, A. V. Ryndin. The first professional performing group - founded in the beginning. 17th century Astrakhan Bishop's Choir (V.K. Trediakovsky was a singer in it).

Formation of prof. music culture began in late 19th century with the opening of a music school and a branch of the Russian Musical Society in Astrakhan. In the 1920s–40s. There were several muses in Astrakhan. and opera houses, including the Theater of Music. comedy (1945–48). In Astrakhan they work: State. music theater (since 1995), State. Philharmonic Society (since 1944), State. cons. (since 1969), regional branch of the Investigative Committee of Russia (since 1992). Nar. music performed by prof. concert groups “Astrakhan Song” (since 1978), Russian ensemble. adv. instruments "Skif" (1992), song and dance ensemble of Caspian fishermen "Moryana" (1945–90), etc. The International festival of vocal art named after. V.V. Barsova and M.P. Maksakova (since 1987).