Shilka // “Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia” (2009)

Shilka

(Transbaikal region)

OKATO code:
76254501
Founded:
1st half.
18th century Urban-type settlement since:
1929
City since:
1951 City of district subordination (Shilkinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory)
Center:
Shilkinsky district
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
6
Geographic latitude:
51°51′
Geographic longitude:
116°02′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
490 Sunrise and sunset times in the city of Shilka

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Map

Shilka: photo from space (Google Maps) Shilka: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

The city is located in Transbaikalia, in the valley of the river. Shilka, 248 km east of Chita. Railway station. Road junction.

Near Shilka is the balneological resort Shivanda (which means “royal drink”). The first buildings of the resort were erected in 1899.

Territory (sq. km): 105

Information about the city of Shilka on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in the first half of the 18th century. like the Cossack village of Shilka. In 1897, a railway ran through the village and a station village was formed.

Name by location on the river. Shilka. Evenki shilki means “narrow valley,” which is especially true for the lower reaches of the river, squeezed by steep mountain slopes.

Workers' settlement Shilka since 02/04/1929 City since 1951

Economy

Railway transport enterprises, a butter factory, a confectionery factory, a bakery, a reinforced concrete products factory and other enterprises.

In the Shilkinsky district, wheat, oats, rapeseed, corn, barley, potatoes, vegetables, and perennial herbs are grown. Cattle, sheep, and goats are raised. Poultry farming, beekeeping.

Deposits of ores, gold, molybdenum, rare earth metals, marble, coal, etc.

Main enterprises

NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

JSC "Zabaikalsky GOK"
673382, Transbaikal region, Shilkinsky district, Pervomaisky village, st.
Mira, 18 Offers:
Fluorspar, beryllium, lithium, tantalum concentrates, gold, zeolites

FOOD FLAVORS INDUSTRY

CJSC "Onyx"
673382, Trans-Baikal Territory, Shilkinsky district, Pervomaisky village, PO Box 119
Offers:
Mayonnaise, bakery products, pasta, confectionery, non-alcoholic drinks

Content

• 1. History
• 2 Climate
• 3 Population
• 4 Education and science
• 5 Healthcare
• 6 Transport infrastructure
• 7 Media
• 8 Religion
• 9 People associated with the city
• 10 Cultural heritage sites
• 11 Archeology
• 12 Old and modern names of Shilki streets
• 13 Chapters of Shilka in different years
• 14 Interesting facts
• 15 Literature
• 16 Notes
• 17 Links

Sights of the city of Shilka (Trans-Baikal Territory)

Along the roads of history in Shilka

Cultural organizer Marina Aleksandrovna Belomestnova led clients of the “Shilkinsky PNDI” along the roads of the history of the city in which they live.

The city of Shilka was founded in 1897, but earlier mention of it was in 1765. The city owes its name to the Shilka River, known from the very beginning of the founding of Transbaikalia by Russian explorers. Another name for the city of Shilki is “Silkar” in Even - a narrow valley, later in the Russified form Shilkar, the Cossacks of the village were the first to settle here; they were in the settlement of Mitrofanovskoye. In 1897, the river flooded the village. According to the 1907 correspondence, only 922 people lived in the village; in 1910 there were already 1,652 people; at the moment, in 2022, the population of Shilki is 12,784 thousand people.

Along Balyabin Street on the territory of school No. 51 we can see the pedestal of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (main pseudonym Lenin), the main organizer and leader of the October Revolution of 1917.

Red Square in the center of Shilka, the regional center of the Trans-Baikal Territory, on Peace Square there is a monument -

airplane soaring into the sky. In windy weather, the plane shakes its wings, as if remembering its past and striving to soar into the heights. The plane is a symbol of the heroic exploits of fellow pilots, three air aces - Heroes of the Soviet Union Nikolai Elizarovich Glazov, Nikolai Vasilyevich Borodin, Afanasy Petrovich Sobolev and all the other known and unknown pilots-order bearers, participants in that terrible war.

Also on the square there is one of the city monuments dedicated to the soldiers who fell for the glory of their homeland during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, and a cannon monument was erected there, opened on September 2, 2010 in honor

fellow front-line soldiers and on the day of the end of World War II, and of course the wall of memory of those who died in the war.

Along Lenin Street there is a sculpture of a monument to border guards called the “Mass Grave”. The main attraction of the city of Shilka is the Church of Peter and Paul. The temple was

founded in 1905, it existed in this building for a relatively short time; during the time of the Bolshevik persecution of religion, a museum and a gym were located within its walls. Relatively recently, the temple was returned to believers. The building and temple were reconstructed

Peter and Paul in Shilka I am again glad to welcome my parishioners.

On Lenin Street there is a steam locomotive-monument Ea-2722 (Shilka) | landmark, locomotive-monument Manufactured by the AlCo plant in 1944. It was installed in order to

people living today had an idea about prehistoric machines.

The complex natural monument is a small cave, reaching a length of 5.3 m, with a rounded entrance with a diameter of about 2.5 m. The cave is located at an altitude of about 20 m along a steep steep slope composed of limestone rocks, hanging over the high floodplain of the Shilka River.

Location: Sretensky district.

Area: 1 hectare.

The hill on the slope of which the cave is located is called Kukan, which can be translated from Buryat as “mountain”, “peak”.

Since the 50s of the 20th century, the cave has been known as a historical monument. Traces of the life activity of people of the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages, bones of people and animals were found here. Archaeological expeditions of 1952 and 1954 under the leadership of Academician A.P. Okladnikov discovered numerous stone, bone and horn tools: plates, scrapers, piercings, arrowheads, harpoons, as well as cores and parts of ceramic products and decorations. The remains of an ancient burial were also found here. Based on the preserved skull by anthropologist N.N. Mamonova made a sculptural reconstruction of the appearance of a man buried in a cave.

The slope of the hill is dominated by steppe vegetation, represented mainly by sedges and grasses. Varieties of herbs typical of the mountain steppes of Transbaikalia are also common here - Dahurian thyme, schizonepeta multicut, Siberian motherwort, and spiny mountain grass. Among the rare species listed in the Red Book, the Siberian bloat carp is noted. When you are in the vicinity of the cave, your attention is drawn to the wide distribution of such a rare bird species for Transbaikalia as the large-billed crow.

Next to the natural monument in the floodplain of the Shilka River is the ancient village of Shilkinsky Zavod, founded in 1767. In this place, until the 60s of the 19th century, the development of silver-lead ores was carried out. To this day, in the vicinity of the village and the cave, the remains of numerous adits, traces of dugouts, and scatterings of black slag are visible. The village is also famous for the fact that in the 19th century the so-called Muravyovskaya harbor for river boats operated here, which was named after N.N. Muravyov-Amursky, a famous statesman, governor-general of Eastern Siberia, who did a lot to annex the Far East to Russia. It was here in 1853 that the first steamship in our region, called the Argun, was built and launched.

Access to the cave is limited by the lack of modern roads. Therefore, the most convenient route is the Shilka Valley: from the city of Sretensk in the summer using a passenger hydrofoil, and after the establishment of ice cover - along the winter road. In addition, there is a good road from the Amur federal highway on the Chernyshevsk-Mogocha section to the village of Ust-Karsk, located 22 km from the natural monument.

Sources

cityattr.ru

Climate

• Average annual air temperature - −0.8 °C
• Relative air humidity - 61.9%
• Average wind speed - 3.4 m/s

Old and modern names of Shilki streets

People associated with the city

• Badanin Vasily Ivanovich (1920-1994) - hero of the Soviet Union.
• Borodin Nikolai Vasilievich (1918-1946) - hero of the Soviet Union.
• Glazov Nikolai Elizarovich (1919-1943) - hero of the Soviet Union.
• Puzyrev Fedor Mikhailovich (1920-2003) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union. Honorary citizen of the Chita region. Honorary citizen of the city of Shilki.
• Rozhnova Polina Konstantinovna - writer.
• Sobolev Afanasy Petrovich (1919-1958) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Vishnyakov Mikhail Evseevich - poet, writer.
• Balyabin Frol Emelyanovich - Commander of the Argun and Daursky regiment. He arrived in Shilka in 1919, organizing a gathering to gather for the Daurian front. A street was named after him in the 1930s.
• Klokov Petr Yakovlevich (1924-1989) -Hero of the Soviet Union. Major of the Soviet army.